The document discusses the three main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar molecule like glucose, fructose, or galactose. Disaccharides join two monosaccharide units together, examples being sucrose, lactose, or maltose. Polysaccharides are long chains of many monosaccharide or disaccharide units, used by plants for storage as starch or structural support as cellulose, and by animals for storage as glycogen.

1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Is an organic compound

3. is the building block
of carbohydrates

4. Importance of carbohydrates:
CHIEF SOURCE OF
ENERGY

5. Types of Carbohydrates:
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

6. monosaccharide

7. monosaccharide
C6H12O6
Simple sugars that consist s only one (1)
sugar molecule
Under monosaccharide:
1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose

8. monosaccharide
1. Glucose
Blood sugar; most important sugar in the bodies of
both vertebrates and invertebrates

9. monosaccharide
2. Fructose
Corn sugar; sweetest form of sugar commonly
found in fruits

10. monosaccharide
3. Galactose
Simplest sugar found in milk

11. disaccharide

12. disaccharide
C12H22O11
Pair of monosaccharide units
Glucose + monosaccharide unit = disaccharide
Under disaccharide:
1. Sucrose
2. Lactose
3. Maltose

13. disaccharide
1. Sucrose
Table sugar; glucose + fructose

14. disaccharide
2. Lactose
Milk sugar; glucose + galactose

15. disaccharide
3. Maltose
Malt sugar; glucose + glucose

16. polysaccharide

17. polysaccharide
Consists of chains of monosaccharide and
disaccharide
Under polysaccharide:
1. Starch
2. Glycogen
3. Cellulose

18. polysaccharide
1. Starch
Storage of glucose for plants

19. polysaccharide
2. Glycogen
Storage of excess sugar in animals; stored in
liver and muscles

20. polysaccharide
3. Cellulose
Structural support of plants; known as “fiber”

21. Additional info:
monomer: a molecule that may react chemically
to another molecule to form polymer; the
simplest unit; repeating unit of polymer
polymer: a compound made up of several
repeating units (monomer)
enzyme: speeds up chemical reaction