This document discusses how nanotechnology can be used to treat cancer in a more targeted way. It begins by introducing nanotechnology and how it operates at the molecular scale. It then describes how cancer cells divide rapidly to form tumors. The traditional cancer treatments of chemotherapy and radiation are described as harmful because they also destroy healthy cells. The document proposes that nanodevices could be programmed to only destroy cancer cells, allowing patients to recover more quickly. It details how nanoparticles could be injected into the body to identify and target cancer cells for imaging and destruction through heating them with radiofrequency signals controlled externally. In conclusion, nanotechnology may enable more accurate, effective and safer cancer treatment by working at the molecular level.

1. …. Going small for big Advance
DONE BY,
DAVID JENNIS.K
(AUTONOMOUS)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION OF NANO TECHNOLOGY
 CANCER CELL
 ANCIENT TREATMENT
 PROBLEMS OF ANCIENT TREATMENTS
 SOLUTIONS OF PROBLEMS IN NANO TECHFI
 NANO PARTICLES
 WORKING PROCEDURE
 IDENTICATION
 DESTRUCTIONS
 ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGES
 COCLUSION

3. NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional
systems at the molecular scale.
 Nano refers to the 10-9 power, or one billionth. .For
comparison, a human hair is about 100,000
nanometers thick.
 The word itself is a combination of nano, from the
Greek “nanos” (or Latin “nanus”), meaning
“Dwarf”, and the word "Science”.

6. CANCER CELL
 Cancer cells are different from healthy cells because they
divide more rapidly than healthy cells.
 In addition, when cells divide at an accelerated rate, they
form a mass of tissue called a tumor.

7. CANCER TREATMENTS
In general, the most common methods used
for the cancer treatment are
Chemotherapy:
 a treatment with powerful medicines
Radiation therapy:
a treatment given through external high-energy rays

8. PROBLEM
 Both the treatments mentioned above are harmful.
 Healthy cells are destroyed in the process.
 As a result, this leaves the patient very weak
 causing him not able to recover quickly to medical
treatments.
 It has been proved that any individual who had cancer
can survive on deadly chemotherapy up to a maximum
of five years and after that it’s anybody’s guess.

9. Proposed solution
 The nano devices can be programmed to destroy
affected cells and kills only them.
 Using these nano technology, people recover quickly.
 The treatment using nano technology will make the
affected man perfectly

10. NANOTECHNOLOGYANDDIAGNOSTICS
 Nanodevices can provide rapid and sensitive detection
of cancer-related molecules by enabling scientists to
detect molecular changes even when they occur only
in a small percentage of cells.

11. Nanoparticles
 nano particles are targeted to cancer cells for use in
the molecular imaging of a malignant lesion.
 Large numbers of nano particles are safely injected
into the body and preferentially bind to the cancer
cell, defining the anatomical contour of the lesion and
making it visible.

12. WORKINGPROCEDURE
 The initial step of identifying the cancer and the location can be
done by scanning.
 Once the location has been identified through scanning, the task is
to position the nano device to the exact location.
 We focus on the positioning of the nano device into the required
location by itself.
 The nano device is allowed to be placed into any part of the body (or)
the nano device is injected through the blood vessel.
 The positioning is done with the help of mathematical calculations.
 External Control signals could be used to avoid mishap or any other
errors.

13.  The nano device is loaded with a microchip.
 The device is also provided with the compounds
concealed so that it is initiated externally through a
computer.
 The nano device contains sensors, motor, gene reader,
processor, transceiver, camera and power supply.
 The location of the cancer cells is given as coordinates
in a 3-dimensional point of view.
 This point is considered as the reference and referred
as (0, 0, 0).

14. ALGORITHMFORNAVIGATION
 Step1: Marking the co-ordinates.
 Step2: Initialize the start command.
 Step3: Feed the axis.
 Step4: Send command to emit ultrasound.
 Step5: Wait for T seconds.

15.  Step6: If there is no signal reflected back (or) if the
reflected signal is less than the threshold value,
then activates the stepper motor to rotate through a
certain distance. (Note: the distance is proportional
to one axis).
 Step7: Subtract the axis value by one.
 Step8: Continue from step4 to step7 for both co-
ordinates.
 Step9: If the signal reflected back is greater than the
threshold value then the motor is de-activated.

16.  Step10: The motor (perpendicular to motor1) is
activated. The motor2 moves through one step thus
making the motor1 to change the axis.
 Step11: The motor1 is allowed to travel until next
change is required.
 Step12: Once the nanodevice reaches the required
spot, the motor is deactivated through external
command.
 Step13: Receives the RF radiation for T seconds that
has been already calculated depending upon the
intensity of tumor

17. IMAGING OF NANODEVICE

18. IDENTIFICATION
 The nano device identifies the cancer cells using a gene reader.
 A gene reader is a sensor which contains ten to fifty DNA probes
or samples of cancer cells that are complementary.
 The DNA detection system generates an electronic signal
whenever a DNA match occurs or when a virus causing cancer is
present
.
 Whenever we get a signal indicating the presence of cancer cells
we go for further process
.
 Once the device has been originally located, the next step is the
destruction of the cancer cells.

19. DESTRUCTION
 We can remotely control the behavior of DNA using RF energy.
An electronic interface to the biomolecule (DNA) can be created.
 RF magnetic field should be inductively coupled to nanocrystal
antenna linked covalently to a DNA molecule.
 The inductive coupling results to the increase in the local
temperature of the bound DNA, allowing the change of state to
take place, while leaving molecules surrounding the DNA
relatively unaffected.
 The switching is fully reversible, as dissolved molecules
dissipate the heat in less time duration.

 Thus RF signal generated outside the body can destroy the
affected DNA.

20. ADVANTAGES
• Nano scale devices have the potential to
radically change cancer therapy for the better
• to dramatically increase the number of highly
effective therapeutic agents
• Nanotechnology may also be useful for
Protect drugs from being degraded in the body
before they reach their target enhance the
absorption of drugs into tumors and into the
cancerous cells themselves.

21. CONCLUSION
 Over the past 150 years, many innovative and
groundbreaking techniques have been developed in
order to treat cancer .But these approaches has its
own series of undesirable side effects that are both
dangerous and damaging to the overall of the
patient.
• There have been significant improvements largely
due to breakthroughs, both, in the bottom-up and in
the top-down nanotechnology.we will make early
detection, prevention and treatment with a high
degree of accuracy and ease possiblee that is
effective and can be made it safe.

22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:
 1. www.nano-tech.com
 2. www.nature.com
 3. www.adsx.com
 4. www.ieee.org
 - See more at:
 http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract-
and-full-paper-on-cancer-
nano.html#sthash.mFnfq4Do.dpuf

23. THANK YOU