This power point presentation will tell you from basics to advance nano-technologies that are being used in health sciences. It will explain abut the various nano-materials that are helping in diagnostics, therapeutics and medical research.
DNA Nanotechnology: Concept and its Applications
DNA Nanotechnology # Various 2 and 3 dimensional shapes of DNA nanotechnology # DNA Origami # with their application and Future scope
It is an unforgettable thing and it is the first conference paper which I have presented in my university. This describes how the Nanotechnology alters the world to advance. It also has lots of applications due to it's large surface area.
Nanotechnology & its Nanowires Application (By-Saquib Khan)SAQUIB KHAN
Appropriate presentation for Nanotechnology & Nanowires Application. along with Nanowiresbattery.
By- SAQUIB KHAN
B.TECH.MECHANICAL ENGG.(First Year)
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
Lucknow
DNA Nanotechnology: Concept and its Applications
DNA Nanotechnology # Various 2 and 3 dimensional shapes of DNA nanotechnology # DNA Origami # with their application and Future scope
It is an unforgettable thing and it is the first conference paper which I have presented in my university. This describes how the Nanotechnology alters the world to advance. It also has lots of applications due to it's large surface area.
Nanotechnology & its Nanowires Application (By-Saquib Khan)SAQUIB KHAN
Appropriate presentation for Nanotechnology & Nanowires Application. along with Nanowiresbattery.
By- SAQUIB KHAN
B.TECH.MECHANICAL ENGG.(First Year)
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
Lucknow
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
Presentation from Andreas Hermann, Oeko-Institut, about specific project activity on the risk management measures for nanomaterials, on the "Strategic workshop on nanotechnology" in Brussels,
10th February 2015.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
Evolution of nanotechnology in electronics (seminar report) -codewithgauriGaurav Pandey
Nanotechnology is engineering and manufacturing at the molecular scale, thereby taking more advantage of the unique properties that exist at that scale.
A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9).Can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.
www.blog.codewithgauri.tech
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
Presentation from Andreas Hermann, Oeko-Institut, about specific project activity on the risk management measures for nanomaterials, on the "Strategic workshop on nanotechnology" in Brussels,
10th February 2015.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
Evolution of nanotechnology in electronics (seminar report) -codewithgauriGaurav Pandey
Nanotechnology is engineering and manufacturing at the molecular scale, thereby taking more advantage of the unique properties that exist at that scale.
A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9).Can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.
www.blog.codewithgauri.tech
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
3. What is Nanotechnology?
• The prefix “nano” stems from the ancient Greek word “Dwarf”.
• In science, it means one billionth of something, thus a nanometer is
one billionth of a meter or 0.000 000 001 (10-9) meters.
• A nanometer is about 3 -5 atoms wide or so, approximately 40,000
times smaller than the thickness of a human hair.
08/02/2018 3
4. Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnologies - are the design, characterization, production, and
application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape
and size at nanometer scale.*
* The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering- “Nanoscience and nanotechnologies:
opportunities and uncertainties” (2004)
08/02/2018 4
5. Nanomedicine
• Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine that applies the knowledge
and tools of nanotechnology for the prevention and treatment of
diseases.
• Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as
biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for diagnosis, delivery,
sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism.
Ref: https://www.nature.com/subjects/nanomedicine
08/02/2018 5
6. Nanomedicine: what for
• The ability to manipulate structures and properties at the nanoscale
in medicine is like having a sub-microscopic bench on which one can
handle cell components, viruses and pieces of DNA using a range of
tiny tools.
08/02/2018 6
7. Nanomedicine: Aims
Comprehensive monitoring, control, construction, repair, defence and
improvement of all human biological systems working from the
molecular level using engineered devices to ultimately achieve medical
benefit.
08/02/2018 7
8. Nanoscale in biology
glucose ~1 nm wide
proteins (antibodies) (~10 nm)
viruses (~100 nm)
bacteria (~1,000 nm)
human cells (~10,000 nm).
Ref:The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine; http://www.acn.unsw.edu.au/what-is-
nanomedicine
08/02/2018 9
9. Approach to nanomaterial manufacturing
1. Top-down approach –is reducing
the size of existing structure
down to a nanoscale level.
2. Bottom-up approach –is
assembling the individual atoms
and molecules into nanomaterial.
3. Functional approach –does not
consider the method of
production of a nanoparticle;
rather it values on the production
of nanoparticles with a specific
function.
Ref: J Clin Exp Dent. 2012;4(2):e119-24.
08/02/2018 10
12. Carbon Nano Tubes
• Graphene-Single carbon atom sheet-
used for DNA sequencing.
• Single walled tiny hollow rods-one
atom thick wall.
• Show extra ordinary optical,
mechanical, thermal and electrical
properties.
• Are being used to produce light
weight and extremely strong
materials, which enhance the
capabilities of devices such as sensors.
• Provide a novel means of drug
delivery with better specificity.
08/02/2018 13
13. Liposomes
• Small (<200 nm.) spherical
vesicles, composed of lipid bilayers
surrounding aqueous inner phase
• Used to encapsulate active drugs
and to target specific sites e.g.
cancer cells.
• Liposomes fuse with the cell
membrane and deliver the
molecule.
• Eg.: amphotericin B, Doxorubicine,
amikacin, Daunorubicin
08/02/2018 14
14. Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) Liposomes
• PEG (polyethylene glycol) makes the
liposome less vulnerable to immune
system.
• PEGylation can impart several significant
pharmacological advantages over
unmodified form; for example-
Improved drug solubility
Enhanced protection from proteolytic
degradation
Increased drug stability
Enhanced circulating life
Reduced dose frequencies and toxicity
08/02/2018 15
15. Neosomes
• Non ionic surfactant vesicles-alternative to
liposomes
• Same physical properties as of liposomes.
• Neosomes remove the disadvantages of
liposomes like chemical instability, variable
purity of phospholipids & high cost.
• Potential for targeted drug delivery-
hydrophilic, hydrophobic & amphiphilic
drug.
• Enhance the penetration of drugs.
08/02/2018 16
16. Dendrimers
• Man made molecules, having a tree
like structure with small molecular
branches around a central core
molecule
• 2-20 nm size
• Devices based on dendrimers may be
used for cell recognition, diagnosis of
cancer, drug delivery, detecting drug
level in tumers and cancer cell death.
08/02/2018 17
17. Nano Shells
• Nano shell is a type of nanoparticle with a
dielectric (e.g., silica) core and a thin metal
outer layer(Au).
• 20-150 nm size.
• Applications: treatment of severe
periodontal and other infections, targeting
& killing cancer cells, soft tissue welding,
and targeted drug delivery.
• Once the tumer cells take them up, by
applying a near infra red light which is
absorbed by nano shells, it is possible to
generate intense heat to selectively kill the
tumer cells sparing the neighbouring
healthy cells.
08/02/2018 18
18. Quantum Dots
• 2-10 nm size; can contain 100 to 10,000 Cd or Zn atoms.
• Unique optical and electronic properties such as bright
and intensive fluorescence.
• QDs can be excited with the same light wavelength, and
their narrow emission bands can be detected
simultaneously for multiple assays.
• Application in sensors, drug delivery and biomedical
imaging.
08/02/2018 19
19. Classification of nanomaterials
• Four Classes:
1. Zero dimensional- nanomaterial’s size is limited to 100 nm in all dimensions.
2. One dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in one dimension; e. g. nanofilms and nanofoils.
3. Two-dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in two dimensions; e. g. carbon nanotubes.
4. Three-dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in three dimensions; e. g. quantum dots,
nanoshells, and dendrimers.
08/02/2018 20
20. Application of nanomedicine
• Diagnostics: looks at using nanotechnology
to aid in the diagnosis of diseases using
sensors, analytical assays, or imaging
technology.
• Therapy: is usually focussed on drug
delivery and interactions in the body that
will allow specific targeting, for example, of
cancer cells.
• Theranostics: Theranostics is a new field of
medicine which combines specific targeted
therapy based on specific targeted
diagnostic tests.
Ref:The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine;
http://www.acn.unsw.edu.au/what-is-nanomedicine
Diagnosis of cancer cell and drug delivery done
together-Theranostics
08/02/2018 21
21. Diagnostic: Imaging
• Nanomaterials are extensively being used as contrast medium in non-
invasive medical imaging tools that include CT, MRI, PET, single
photon emission CT, USG and optical imaging
• Examples of contrast agents- nanosized metal oxides, dendrimers,
quantum dots, etc.
08/02/2018 22
22. Diagnostic: Imaging-quantum dots
• Quantum dots-nano-crystals of
cadmium and zinc are semiconductors
• tag biological molecules
• They produce sequence of colours
when subjected to ultraviolet light
Photograph showing: NIR-II fluorescence imaging of a xenograft tumor with high uptake of 6PEG-Ag2S QDs. Time course of NIR-II fluorescence images of the
mouse injected with 6PEG-Ag2S QDs. Adapted from Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 124 (2014) 118–131
08/02/2018 23
23. Diagnostic tools
• A “lab on a chip” of a postage stamp is already available and is being
used to monitor ‘Lithium’ level for maniac depressive patients at
home with reduced cost and greater convenience.
• Colloidal ‘Gold’ particles are in use for testing the pregnancy,
ovulation, and HIV.
• Magnetic nanoparticles are being used for cell sorting in clinical
diagnostics.
• Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRIs-since 1993.
• Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are showing better promises in the
detection of Alzheimer plaques.
08/02/2018 25
24. Nanoinstruments
• Carbon nanotubes can be used instead of glass pipettes for delivery
into cells
• Nanosilver coating is increasingly being used in catheters for its
antibacterial properties.
• Wound dressing may also incorporate nano-silver for its antibacterial
properties.
08/02/2018 26
25. Therapeutic Uses: Drug delivery using
Nanoparticles
Nano pharmacology: an application of nanotechnology to the
development and discovery of drug delivery methods.
Applications:
To deliver the drug to exact location
To Reduce side effects and toxicity
To increaed bioavailability
To Molecular targeting by nano engineered devices
08/02/2018 27
Continued…….
26. ….Therapeutic Uses: Drug delivery using
Nanoparticles
• Drug delivery vehicle: polymeric particles, dendrimers, nanoshells,
liposomes, micelles and magnetic nanoparticles.
• Common pharmaceutical issues can be overcome by using
nanoparticles for drug delivery that will increase the solubility, limit
the systemic toxicity, increase the bioavailability, improve immune-
compatibility and cellular uptake.
08/02/2018 28Continued……
27. …Therapeutic Uses: Drug delivery using
Nanoparticles: Targeted Drug Delivery System
• Advantages: prevents local irritation and decreases local & systemic
toxicity (due to encapsulation of drug as in liposomes or micelles).
• Disadvantages: drug delivery mechanism may introduce toxicity of
their own and have unintended side effects.
08/02/2018 29
28. Therapeutic Uses of Nanotechnology in
Cancer Treatment
• Thermotherapy: a form of cancer treatment that uses heat to destroy
cancer cells.
• Nanomaterials used in the devices of thermotherapy are nanosized
iron oxide, gold coated silica nanoparticles (nanoshells), Hafnium
oxide nanoparticles.
• Thermotherapy: more localised with lesser side effects.
08/02/2018 30
29. Therapeutic uses: Tissue Repair &
Replacement
• Biocompatible nanomaterials and coatings are being used to increase
the adhesion, durability and lifespan of implants.
• Eg.: Nanopolymer-Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be used to coat
implantable devices that are in contact with blood; like artificial heart,
vascular grafts, catheters for dispersion of clots or to prevent their
formation.
08/02/2018 31
31. Nanodentistry: Definitions
The science and technology of diagnosing, treating
and preventing oral and dental diseases, relieving
pain, preserving and improving dental health by
using nanostructured material.
Ref: J. Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013 Jan-Jun; 4(1): 39–44. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.107258
08/02/2018 33
32. Nanomaterials used in Dentistry
• Nanoimpression materials
• Nano ceramics
• Dental Implants
• Nano glass ionomer cements
• Denture base nanoresins
• Nanocomposite denture teeth
• Water as disinfectant
08/02/2018 34
33. Nano impression material
• Addition silicon Vinylpolysiloxane impression material when
integrated with nano fillers provide following advantages
1. Better flow
2. Improved hydrophilic properties
3. Lesser voids at margins
4. High tear strength
5. Resistance to distortion & heat
6. Snap set-reduces error by micromovement
08/02/2018 35
34. Nanohydroxyapatite
• Biologically inspired rosette nanotubules and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite
can be used as bone substitute.
• The nano-hydroxyapatite rods have been used to synthesise the human
enamel.
Source: Udhayakumar, G., Muthukumarasamy, N., Velauthapillai, D. et al. Appl. Phys. A (2017) 123: 655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-
1248-z
08/02/2018 36
E.g. Ostim ® (osartis GmbH Germany) HA; VITOSS ® (orthovita Inc, USA) HA+ TCP; - NanOssTM (Angstrom
Medica ,USA) HA
35. Nano ceramics
• Alumina nano particles used as ultra fine polishing agent and as nanofillers in
composite restorative materials.
• Silica- ultra fine polishing agent, used as nanofillers in composite restorative
materials.
• Zirconia (Zirconium dioxide) ZrO2 – highly osteoconducive for odontoblast and is
also being used as nanofiller.
• Lithium Disilicate porcelain- Crown and bridge. E. g. Lava ultimate-silica (20 nm)
Zirconia (4-11 nm)
08/02/2018 37
36. Dental Implants
• Attache nanotubes, beads to the
implant surfaces.
• Spray TiO2 plasma or blast Al2O3,
or to acid etch the implant
surfaces.
• Surface coating with nontextured
titanium, nanohydroxyapatite or
pharmacological agents like
Bisphosphonates.
• Surface modifications improve
the implant properties-chemistry
that will help osseointegration &
success of a dental implant.
08/02/2018 38
37. Nano glass ionomer cements
• Nano glass ionomer cements are constituted by dispersible
nanoparticles which can be added to various solvents, in which they
are dispersed homogenously.
• Advantages:
1. Higher dentine and enamel bond strength
2. High stress absorption
3. Longer shelf life
4. Durable marginal seal No separate etching required
5. Fluoride release
Example : Adper Single Bond Plus Adhesive (3M) (10% wt. Silane treated 5 nm spherical silica)
Ref: Dr. Ifzah, Dr. Zain Patel NANODENTISTRY- A Review Volume 4 Issue VIII, August 2016 www.ijraset.com Accessed on 11/10/2018
08/02/2018 39
Figure demonstrates the difference in
suspension stability between the
nanoparticles in Adper Single Bond
Plus adhesive and the much larger
particles averaging 0.4 microns in
diameter in Optibond Solo Plus™
adhesive (filled 15% by weight).
38. Nanocomposites
• The nanofillers used in nanocomposites include an aluminosilicate
powder with a mean particle size of 80nm and a 1:4 M ratio of
alumina to silica and a refractive index of 1.508.
• Advantages:
o High filler loading
o Increased hardness.
o Improved flexural strength, toughness and translucency.
o Decreased polymerization shrinkage (50%).
o High polish retention
o Desirable handling characteristics
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39. Nano denture base resins
• Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles when
added as pigments in PMMA, provide colour of the gingiva.
• Low porosity and prevent the adherence of Candida Albicans.
• Addition of carbon nanotubes provide superior strength.
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
40. Artificial denture teeth
Artificial denture teeth made up of PMMA containing nanofillers have
following advantages:
• Superior surface hardness and wear resistance
• Highly polish able
• Stain and impact resistant
• Lively surface structure
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41. Disinfectant-Engineered Water Nano
Structure
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• Water droplets are brought down to 25
nm size.
• Charged with electrons and reactive
oxygen species.
• EWNS highly mobile and can interact
with pathogens both in air and on
surface.
Ref:https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/EN/C3EN00007A#!divAbstract accessed on 13_11-2018
42. Conclusion
• Although, the realization of the full potential of nanotechnology in
health sciences may be years or decades away, recent advances in
nanomedicine have started a paradigm shift in health care area.
• In long term, the nanotherapies could be more economical, more
effective and safe.
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Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine that applies the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for diagnosis, delivery, sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism.
The nanoscale is also a size range that’s relevant to biologically important structures. It extends from small molecules such as glucose (~1 nm wide), to proteins including antibodies (~10 nm), viruses (~100 nm), bacteria (~1,000 nm) and human cells (~10,000 nm). Continuing with the marble analogy, if glucose were the size of a marble, then antibodies would be about the size of a volleyball, viruses the size of a very small car, bacteria the size of an 18 wheel truck trailer, red blood cells about the size of a soccer field, and other human cells about the size of a 70,000 seat sports stadium.
In the near future, this type of nanoparticle can be used in dentistry for different applications, including treatment of severe gingival and periodontal infections, getting rid of oral and dental cancer cells, and possibly for soft tissue welding of inaccessible area.
Nanomedicine covers a wide variety of technologies and applications, but it is usually broken down into two broad areas: diagnostics and therapies. Diagnostics looks at using nanotechnology to aid in the diagnosis of diseases using sensors, analytical assays, or imaging technology. Therapy is usually focussed on drug delivery and interactions in the body that will allow specific targeting of, for example, cancer cells.