This document discusses the application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment, focusing on methods to eradicate cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. It highlights various nanotechnology tools such as cantilevers, nanopores, nanotubes, and nanoshells, which facilitate the detection and destruction of cancer cells. The paper also emphasizes the potential benefits and challenges of using nanotechnology in cancer therapy, suggesting a promising future for improved diagnosis and treatment.

1. TREATMENT OF CANCER USING
NANOTECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY: S.ASHA
P.DIVYASREE
DEPT: ECE
YEAR: 2
COLLEGE: CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. Introduction:
 The main aim of this paper deals with the eradication of cancer cells by
providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in
an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any
manner.
 This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not
affected by cancer again.

3. Nanotechnology:  Nanotechnology is the art of
manipulating materials on the
atomic or molecular level and is
used to build microscopic
devices such as robots and other
machines. These miniature
devices play an important role
in providing safe and efficient
analysis and treatment of
disease.

4. What is cancer:
 Cancer is the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal
cells in a part of the body.
 They form a mass of tissue called a tumour

7. Various tools for the method of
treatment of cancer:
Cantilever:
Tiny bars anchored at one end can be
engineered to bind to molecules associated
with cancer. These molecules may bind to
altered DNA proteins that are present in
certain types of cancer .
By monitoring the bending of
cantilevers, it would be possible to tell
whether the cancer molecules are present
and hence detect early molecular events in
the development of cancer.

8. Nanopores:
 Nanopores (holes) allow DNA to pass
through one strand at a time and hence
DNA sequencing can be made more
efficient.
 Thus the shape and electrical properties
of each base on the strand can be
monitored.
 As these properties are unique for each
of the four bases that make up the
genetic code, the passage of DNA
through a nanopore can be used to
decipher the encoded information,
including errors in the code known to be
associated with cancer.

9. Nano tubes:
 Nanotubes are smaller than Nano pores. It
will also help identify DNA changes
associated with cancer.
 It helps to exactly pin point location of the
changes. Mutated regions associated with
cancer are first tagged with bulky molecules.
 Using a nano tube tip, resembling the
needle on a record player, the physical
shape of the DNA can be traced. A
computer translates this information into
topographical map. The bulky molecules
identify the regions on the map where
mutations are present. Since the location of
mutations can influence the effects they
have on a cell, these techniques will be
important in predicting disease.

10. Nano shells:
 NS are miniscule beads coated with
gold.Beads absorb specific wavelength of light.
The most useful nanoshells are those that
absorb near infrared light that can easily
penetrate several centimeters in human tissues.
 Absorption of light by nanoshells creates an
intense heat that is lethal to cells. Nanoshells
can be linked to antibodies that recognize
cancer cells. In laboratory cultures, the heat
generated by the light-absorbing nanoshells has
successfully killed tumor cells while leaving
neighbouring cells intact.

11. Recent research:
 A "Trojan horse" treatment for an aggressive form of brain cancer glioblastoma
multiforme, which involves using tiny nanoparticles of gold to kill tumour cells, has
been successfully tested by scientists.
 Scientists have also combined nanoparticles with light-sensitive dye called
phthalocyanine in order to destroy cancer cells. In this approach, scientists use the
nanoparticles as vessels to deliver the phthalocyanine, which then sticks to cancerous
cells. Scientists are then able to harness light to obliterate cancer cells.

12. Recent research:
 Researchers are also testing the use of chemotherapy drugs attached to
nanodiamonds to treat leukemia. It turns out that leukemia cancer cells can pump
chemotherapy drugs out of the cancer cell, limiting the effectiveness of the drug.
The cancer cell can not pump the nanodiamond out, so attaching the drug
molecules to nanodiamonds results in the drug staying in the cancer cell longer.
 Researchers at the Amrita Centre for Nanosciences discovered an innovative
nanotechnology method to treat cancer. The technique targets cancer cells in an
acidic microenvironment while sparing normal human primary cells. It was found
that ZnO nanoparticles have intrinsic properties that enable them to preferentially
kill cancerous T-cells while sparing healthy normal cells.

13. Potentials:
 More cheaper than the traditional methods ( drug ,vacxin , UV ….)
 Low effect to the body (compare with Chemotherapy, Radiation
Therapy…)
 Bright futures in uses
 Protects drugs from being degraded in the body before they reach their
target. Enhances the absorption of drugs into tumors and into the cancerous
cells themselves.
 Allows for better control over the timing and distribution of drugs to the
tissue, making it easier for oncologists to assess how well they work.

14. Challenges:
 Cytotoxic Effect
 Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise
from the inhalation of these minute particles, much like the
problems a person gets from inhaling minute asbestos particles.
 Presently, nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it
can cost you a lot of money. It is also pretty difficult to
manufacture, which is probably why products made with
nanotechnology are more expensive.

15. Conclusion:
 Nanotechnology will radically change the way we diagnose, treat
and prevent cancer to help meet the goal of eliminating suffering
and death from cancer.
 There are still many advances needed to improve nanoparticles
for treatment of cancers.
 Further studies are focused on expanding the selection of drugs to
deliver novel nanoparticle vectors. Hopefully, this will allow the
development of innovative new strategies for cancer cures.

16. Reference:
 Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, by Robert A. Freitas Jr. 1999, ISBN 1-
57059-645-X
 Wagner V, Dullaart A, Bock AK, Zweck A. (2006). "The emerging nanomedicine
landscape". Nat Biotechnol. 24 (10): 1211–1217. doi:10.1038/nbt1006-
1211.PMID 17033654.
 freitas RA Jr. (2005). "What is Nanomedicine?". Nanomedicine: Nanotech. Biol.
Med.1 (1): 2–9. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2004.11.003. PMID 17292052.
 Nanotechnology in Medicine and the Biosciences, by Coombs RRH, Robinson DW.
1996, ISBN 2-88449-080-9

17. Thank you for your
attention.
TREATMENT OF CANCER USING NANOTECHNOLOGY

18. Any questions