The document compares the Indus Valley and Mesopotamian civilizations. Both civilizations developed around rivers, with Indus Valley along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East. While the Indus Valley cities had planned grids and drainage systems, Mesopotamian cities had temples and defensive walls. Religion, government, and writing also differed between the civilizations, though they shared similarities like brick construction and agricultural dependence.

1. COMPARISON BETWEEN INDUS
VALLEY AND MESOPOTAMIA
CIVILIZATIONS.

2. Today we discuss:
 Introduction
 Location
 Town planning
 Religion
 Government
 Language
 Weapons
 Food and Farming
 Inventions
 Similarities

3. INTRODUCTION
 Indus valley:
• Indus valley civilization is also
known as harapan civilization.
• This civilization is flourished
around 4000 - 1000 BC.
• Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were
important centers of Indus valley
civilization.
 Mesopotamia:
• Word Mesopotamia is a
combination of two greek words.
Meso means “In between” and
potamia means “River”.
• Here, the earliest cities in world
history appeared, about 3500 BC.

4. LOCATION:
 Indus Valley:
 The Indus River is located in Pakistan. Along this
river a civilization developed around 2,500 BCE.
It is called the Indus Valley Civilization.
 Mesopotamia:
 It is located within Fertile Cresent, between two
rivers “The Tigris & Euphrates River”.
 Now a days Mesopotamia is in middle east
areas.

5. TOWN PLANNING:
 Indus Valley:
• Cities are planned more systematically
& in grid planning.
• The people of indus valley civilization
are lived in small villages.
• There is a Great Bath, a large well and
Granary(storage Place) in each city.
 Mesopotamia:
• They have distinct palaces &
temples(ZIGGURAT) that were
dedicated to Gods/Goddesses.
• Most of people lived in towns/cities.
• They had walls to protect their cities.

6. RELEGION:
 Indus Valley:
• They worshipped to the Goddess of
fertile.
• There original religion was not found
yet.
• Some people said they are Hindus
other said they are Buddhist
 Mesopotamia:
• They belived that each city/town is
protected by each God/Godesses.
• Pyramid temples(ZIGGURAT) were
the connections between heaven and
earth.
• Every city had its own patron
God/Goddesses who owned city.

7. GOVERNMENT:
 Indus Valley:
• They have well oraganised
government.
• They have powerfull leaders, possibly
priest kings.
• They made sure all had steady supply
of food.
 Mesopotamia :
• Their cities are governed by the
assembly of adult males.
• Their King is the representative of
their God (called LUGALS).
• The king’s power is limited to
interpreting of God.

8. LANGUAGE:
 Indus Valley:
• Indus Valley language was not
understood yet.
• It is believed that the Indus Valley
people may have also written on palm
leaves or cloth but no evidence of this
has survived.
 Mesopotamia:
• Mesopotamian language was the
earliest known system of writing.
• Cuneiform = Mesopotamian system
of writing

9. WEAPONS:
 Indus Valley:
• Spears.
• The peoples of Indus Valley were very
peaceful as compared to
mesopotamians so weapons are
mainly use for agriculture.
 Mesopotamia:
• Arrowheads.
• Knives.
• Axes.
• Swords.
• Daggers.
• Clubs.
• Armors.

10. FOOD AND FARMING:
 Indus Valley:
• They grew melons, and general fruits
& vegetables.
• The people of indus valley also use
their crops as their food as well as
trade.
 Mesopotamia:
• They grew Flax and used it for oil, net,
cloth & food.
• Flax was the major crop in
Mesopotamian civilization.

11. Inventions:
 Indus Valley:
• Exact measuring & weighing system.
• Uniform size of bricks for all
construction.
• They mostly invents things for
agriculture.
• They introduced the sevarage system.
 Mesopotamia:
• Wagon Wheel.
• Arch.
• Potter’s Wheel.
• Sundial.
• 12 month calendar.
• Metal plow.

12. SIMILARITIES:
 Houses are made of sundried bricks in both.
 Both have small, side streets.
 In both civilization arrows was used and tools were made commonly of
Bronze.
 Economy of both civilization was depend on agriculture and trade.
 Also trade with each other and had their own boats.
 Both grew barley, wheet, dates, figs, and peas.
 Writing system & wheeled vehicles are used by both.

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