The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. The civilization was spread out along the Indus River valley, and two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of up to 40,000 people. The civilization developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft and had a sophisticated urban culture with standardized brick sizes, street grids, and sewage systems. While the writing of the Indus civilization remains undeciphered, excavations have revealed evidence of advanced engineering and infrastructure. The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BCE may have been caused by environmental changes like

2. Harappan society and its neighbors, ca. 2000 B.C.E.

5. India

6. Harappan culture sites

9. “ Unicorn” seal + writing

10. More seals

11. … and more seals...

12. Seated “yogi” : early Shiva?

18. Grid map of Mohenjo-daro

19. Mohenjo-daro : aerial view

20. Mohenjo-daro view of the “Citadel”

21. The “Great Bath”

22. another view of the “Great Bath”

23. view of a small, side street

24. looks like a small tower, but actually it is a neighborhood well

25. A bathroom on a private residence

26. A public well in Harappa, or perhaps an ancient laundromat...

27. A large drain or sewer

30. Harappan granary

35. A priest? A bull

40. Possible route of the Aryan invasions

48. Krishna with Arjuna on the battlefield of Kuruksketra 2 points to the first person who can tell whether this is a modern or ancient painting and why?

49. Krishna reveals himself to Arjuna in his manifold aspects