Calcinosis Cutis
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A 54-year-old woman with a history of dermatomyositis since 2005 presented with painful calcinosis cutis lesions on her lower back and right hip that were causing incapacitation. Previous treatments including prednisone, azathioprine, diltiazem, alendronate, colchicine, aluminum hydroxide, and hydroxychloroquine provided no improvement. An article was cited proposing intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for calcinosis cutis associated with dermatomyositis. The question is whether intravenous immunoglobulin would be a reasonable therapeutic option for this patient.
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Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s tumour) of the bowel
Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) or Vanek’s tumour is a rare benign tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Lower gastrointestinal IFP’s may present as an acute abdomen in the form of an intussusception in an adult. The surgeon needs to be aware of this entity to avert misdiagnosis. An abdominal CT or an MRI is helpful in diagnosing an acute abdomen due to IFP in an adult. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The etiopathology and management of this rare tumour is discussed.
Skin Complications in Scleroderma
Skin Complications in Scleroderma
Emily L Keimig, MS, MD Clinical Instructor Department of Dermatology
Presented at the Scleroderma Patient Education Conference, Saturday, October 19, 2013 at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
Hosted by the Scleroderma Foundation, Greater Chicago Chapter and the Northwestern Scleroderma Program.
Amyloidosis and pathological calcification
This document summarizes information on pathological calcification and amyloidosis. It discusses two types of pathological calcification - dystrophic calcification, which occurs in dead or degenerating tissue despite normal calcium metabolism, and metastatic calcification, which results from hypercalcemia and occurs in normal tissues. It also covers the definition, chemical structure, classification, staining characteristics and morphological features of amyloidosis. In particular, it describes how amyloidosis can involve the kidney, spleen, liver and heart, and discusses the prognosis of generalized amyloidosis.
Gastrointestinal Pathology
This document is a 14-chapter textbook on surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal tract written by Dr. Ketan Vagholkar. The chapters cover various diseases and conditions that affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon, including carcinomas, ulcers, tuberculosis, diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, and more. The textbook provides an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common gastrointestinal surgical diseases.
Ossification & calcification
This document describes different types of calcification that can occur in soft tissues and arteries. It discusses metastatic calcification caused by abnormal calcium metabolism, dystrophic calcification related to tissue damage, and calcinosis which occurs with normal calcium metabolism. Specific types of soft tissue calcification are described associated with parasites, hematomas, necrosis, metabolic disorders, and various conditions like dermatomyositis. Calcification patterns in arteries, veins, tendons and various structures are also outlined. Different types of ossification including myositis ossificans, post-traumatic myositis ossificans, and paraplegic myositis ossificans are summarized.
Colorectal polyp
This document defines and classifies colorectal polyps. It discusses that polyps can be benign or malignant, and classified by shape (pedunculated or sessile) or histology (epithelial or mesenchymal). Malignant polyps have characteristics like large size (>1cm), villous or tubulovillous histology, high grade dysplasia, or multiple polyps which increase cancer risk. The Haggitt criteria classify cancer invasion in polyps from Level 0 (in situ) to Level 4 (invading submucosa below stalk). Surveillance colonoscopy intervals depend on polyp characteristics, ranging from 1-5 years. Polypectomy can treat early cancers but resection
Soft tissue calcifications and ossifications / oral surgery courses
This document discusses various types of soft tissue calcification and ossification that can occur in the oral cavity. It describes two main types of pathologic calcification: dystrophic calcification, which occurs in dead or degenerated tissues with normal calcium metabolism, and metastatic calcification, which occurs in normal tissues associated with abnormal calcium metabolism. Specific examples of soft tissue calcifications discussed in detail include calcified lymph nodes, tonsilloliths, cysticercosis lesions, arterial calcification, sialoliths, and phleboliths. The document also covers heterotopic ossification and provides examples such as osteoma cutis and myositis ossificans.
Neoplastic Colonic Polyp
1) Colonic polyps can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic, with adenomatous polyps being precursors for colon cancer. Larger and villous polyps carry higher cancer risk.
2) Management of polyps depends on size, histology, and risk factors. Low-risk polyps can be removed endoscopically, while malignant or high-risk polyps may require surgery based on factors like margins, invasion, and differentiation.
3) Studies have shown poor differentiation, vascular/lymphatic invasion, and margins less than 2mm to be histologic risk factors associated with residual disease and poorer outcomes, necessitating surgery for high-risk malignant polyps.
Endometrial polyps
Endometrial polyps are benign growths that occur in the endometrium. They are common in women over 40 and can cause abnormal bleeding. On pathology, they appear as irregular glandular growths with thick-walled blood vessels and fibrotic stroma. While most are non-cancerous, polyps are associated with a slightly increased risk of endometrial cancer and need to be evaluated. Treatment involves surgical removal, such as with a hysteroscopic polypectomy.
Nasal polyp ppt
This document discusses nasal polyps, including their definition, etiology, types, symptoms, complications, and management. Nasal polyps are edematous protrusions of the nasal mucosa that occur due to repeated inflammation. The main types are ethmoidal and antrochoanal polyps, which differ in age of onset, cause, location of origin, growth pattern, and recurrence risk. Common symptoms include nasal blockage, discharge, headaches and loss of smell. Potential complications include fungal sinusitis and orbital cellulitis. Treatment involves medical management with antibiotics, steroids, and decongestants as well as surgical polypectomy or FESS.
Gastric polyps & tumors by Dr. Karan Arora
Gastric polyps and tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign polyps include hyperplastic, fundic gland, and juvenile polyps. Rare polyp syndromes like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis can increase cancer risk. Gastric adenomas have a risk of malignancy depending on size and histology. Gastric carcinomas are usually adenocarcinomas and can be intestinal or diffuse type. Early detection of gastric cancer improves prognosis. Precancerous conditions include chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.
Git pathology m scyear2011 12
This document provides information on diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, beginning with diseases of the oral cavity. It discusses common inflammatory disorders like herpes labialis and aphthous stomatitis. It also covers benign and malignant tumors that can occur in the oral cavity, such as papilloma, fibroma, hemangioma, leukoplakia, and erythroplakia. It then discusses diseases that can affect other parts of the GI tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and salivary glands. For each organ, it outlines common congenital anomalies, inflammatory conditions, tumors, and other pathological entities. It also provides histological images and details on epidemi
Pathologic calcification
Pathologic calcification occurs when calcium salts abnormally deposit in tissues. There are two types: dystrophic calcification occurs in dead or dying tissues with normal calcium levels, while metastatic calcification deposits calcium in healthy tissues due to problems that cause high blood calcium levels. Dystrophic calcification is seen in areas of tissue damage like atherosclerosis or valve stenosis. Metastatic calcification's main causes include parathyroid hormone increases, bone destruction, vitamin D disorders, and kidney failure, and it notably affects lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels. Both types appear as basophilic calcium deposits that can impact organ function.
polyposis syndromes
This document discusses various types of colorectal polyps and polyposis syndromes. It begins by defining different types of colorectal polyps based on size, attachment, cellular architecture, and histological appearance. Larger polyps have a higher likelihood of harboring cancer. The main polyposis syndromes discussed are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome. FAP is characterized by hundreds of colonic polyps and a 100% risk of colon cancer. Management involves prophylactic colectomy and surveillance of other organs for extracol
Familial tumoral calcinosis
Familial tumoral calcinosis is a rare disease with genetic predilection characterized by continuous accumulation of calcium crystals inside soft tissues near big joints of the body
Stomach pathology lecture
The normal gastric mucosa contains mucus-secreting cells in the cardia, acid-producing and pepsin-producing cells in the fundus and body, and hormone-producing cells in the pylorus. The stomach functions to mix and start digestion of food, activate enzymes, destroy bacteria, and absorb nutrients, alcohol, water, and vitamins. Common pathologies of the stomach include peptic ulcers, gastritis, tumors, and congenital anomalies like pyloric stenosis. Chronic gastritis is often caused by H. pylori infection and can lead to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and increased cancer risk over time if not treated.
Pyramidal tract and extra pyramidal tracts
The pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract) originates from motor areas of the cerebral cortex and descends through the brainstem and spinal cord. It crosses to the opposite side and terminates on internuncial neurons which connect to motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The extrapyramidal tracts include the rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and tectospinal tracts and are involved in motor control and coordination. Damage to upper motor neurons in the pyramidal tract causes different paralysis than damage to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
Calcium homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated by the interaction of the parathyroid gland, kidneys, bone, intestine, and hormones. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption. Vitamin D assists PTH by increasing intestinal calcium absorption. Disorders occur when calcium levels decrease or increase outside the normal range, which can cause symptoms like numbness, seizures, or kidney stones. Maintaining balanced calcium levels requires the coordinated functions of multiple organ systems and hormones.
Calcium presentation
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Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s tumour) of the bowel
Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s tumour) of the bowel
Soft tissue calcifications and ossifications / oral surgery courses
Soft tissue calcifications and ossifications / oral surgery courses
Similar to Calcinosis Cutis
Calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare disorder characterized by calcification of the small blood vessels of the skin and subcutaneous fat. It most commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. The calcification leads to reduced blood flow and painful skin lesions. Risk factors include hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D use, and warfarin use. Diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed with biopsy showing vessel calcification. Treatment involves sodium thiosulfate, hyperbaric oxygen, bisphosphonates, and wound care. Prognosis is poor with high mortality rates due to complications like infection and organ failure.
Acquired anomalies of lacrimal system
This document discusses the evaluation and management of lacrimal drainage system disorders. It covers topics such as:
1. Evaluation of tearing, lacrimal sac inflammation, lacrimal outflow, eyelids, and nasal examination. Tests include dye disappearance test, irrigation, and dacryocystography.
2. Causes of lacrimal drainage obstruction including plugs, medications, infections, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and neoplasms.
3. Management options for different levels of obstruction such as intubation/stenting, dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery, and reconstructions.
Osce
A 40-year-old man presented with headaches and blurred vision for 5 weeks. His blood pressure was very high at 210/130. Examination found his vision was severely impaired at 20/200 in both eyes. Further workup revealed hypertensive retinopathy with cotton-wool spots and hemorrhages in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with severe hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy causing vision loss. Treatment to lower his blood pressure was started.
高齢者の掻痒感
- Highlighted causes of pruritus in older patients include dry skin due to reduced skin barrier function with age, age-related decline in immunity, and neuropathy.
- Evaluation of pruritus involves assessing severity, location, modifying factors, medications, and performing physical exam to check for signs of dry skin, scabies, or rashes.
- Management depends on identified cause, beginning with treating dry skin, checking for scabies, and using topical steroids or potassium hydroxide if a rash is present. If no rash, further workup and treatment for potential metabolic, endocrine, or neurological causes is warranted.
Case report 11 15
This document provides information on scleroderma (systemic sclerosis):
- It most commonly affects women aged 30-50 and is associated with European ancestry. Exposure to silica dust is a risk factor.
- There are limited and diffuse types. Limited involves skin up to the elbows/knees while diffuse involves more areas.
- It involves fibrosis of skin and organs due to increased collagen deposition by activated fibroblasts. The cause is unknown.
- Diagnosis involves testing for autoantibodies like anti-Scl-70, anticentromere, and RNA polymerase III.
- Manifestations include skin thickening, Raynaud's, lung/heart/kidney involvement
Case report 11 15
This document provides information on scleroderma (systemic sclerosis):
- It has an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 people and is more common in females and those of European ancestry. Exposure to silica dust is a risk factor.
- It is classified as limited or diffuse based on skin involvement. Limited often involves CREST features while diffuse affects more organs.
- Pathophysiology involves excessive collagen deposition caused by fibroblast activation leading to fibrosis of skin and organs. Genetic factors are involved but no single environmental trigger.
- Diagnosis is based on positive ANA, anti-Scl-70, anticentromere or RNA polymerase III antibodies. Physical exam shows skin thickening
Addison's disease
This lecture summary provides information about primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease. It discusses the causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing including the rapid ACTH stimulation test and lab studies, imaging, histological findings, and medical treatment including inpatient care with hydrocortisone administration for adrenal crisis. The document is intended for medical students to use for learning and education purposes.
2010
1. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency due to reduction of functioning nephron number.
2. Water testing found two red bacterial colonies on a membrane filter, indicating a coli index of 250 and coli titer of 4500.
3. A patient presented with dry mouth and dilated pupils from a drug that causes muscarinic cholinoreceptor block.
CaHA (Radiesse) study in moderate to severe atrophic acne scarring
This study sought to establish the efficacy and safety of dermal fillers, especially calcium hydroxyapatite, in treating atrophic acne scars. Twenty-seven subjects with atrophic acne scars were treated with calcium hydroxyapatite filler over twelve months. Most acne scars responded well, with 22% showing 75% improvement and 48% showing 50% improvement. Comparatively, a hyaluronic acid treatment led to only 3% and 9% improvement respectively. The study concluded that calcium hydroxyapatite provides a safe and effective method for treating atrophic acne scars and may have longer term effects through volume replenishment and possible neocollagenesis.
4th rd-template
This document summarizes the case of a 4-year-old male child who presented with perianal lesions for 3 months. A biopsy was performed and found dermal infiltration of Langerhans cells, indicating a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Imaging and bloodwork found no evidence of systemic involvement. The patient was treated with imiquimod 5% cream for 2 weeks, which resulted in complete resolution of the lesions. Perianal LCH is rare, with only 17 previous cases reported in the literature. This case highlights the importance of documenting and publishing unusual clinical presentations that can advance medical knowledge.
Addison's disease.ppt
Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, is caused by destruction or dysfunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Thomas Addison first described the clinical presentation in 1855. It most commonly presents with hyperpigmentation, dizziness, weakness, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests showing a lack of response to ACTH stimulation and electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment is lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormone replacement to prevent adrenal crises.
Ulcerated lobular panniculitis.pptx
- A 30-year-old woman presented with ulcerated lobular panniculitis on her arm as the initial manifestation of anti-Mi-2-alpha positive dermatomyositis. She developed additional symptoms over time including ulcers on her hands and forearms.
- Treatment with steroids, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate provided an initial response but her panniculitis relapsed with decreased steroids. Rituximab led to resolution of her lesions.
- Ulcerated lobular panniculitis can precede other dermatomyositis symptoms and is a rare cutaneous manifestation. Rituximab may be effective for refractory cases like the
Effects on Gingiva of Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats
Effects on Gingiva of Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin in RatsANALYTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE CYTOPATHOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
This study investigated the histopathological changes and expressions of ADAMTS-5 and TNF-α in the gingival tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared to controls. Rats were divided into control and diabetic groups, with the latter receiving a single dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Gingival tissues were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for ADAMTS-5 and TNF-α. Results showed thinning of the epithelial layer, degeneration of epithelial cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration in diabetic rats compared to controls. Diabetic rats also showed positive expression of ADAMTS-5 in epithelial cells and TNF-α in basal laminaReconstruction with free fibula graft for osteoradionecrosis of mandible ca...
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OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE.pptx
Obstructive jaundice is a condition characterized by the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood due to an obstruction in the bile ducts. The bile ducts are responsible for transporting bile, a yellowish-green fluid produced by the liver, to the intestines to aid in digestion. When the flow of bile is hindered or blocked, bilirubin, which is a waste product of red blood cells, cannot be properly eliminated from the body, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream.
The most common cause of obstructive jaundice is the presence of a blockage in the bile ducts, usually caused by gallstones, tumors, or strictures (narrowing) of the ducts. This blockage prevents bile from flowing freely, resulting in its buildup in the liver and subsequently in the blood. As a result, individuals with obstructive jaundice may exhibit yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, which is the hallmark symptom of jaundice.
Rickets & osteomalacia
slides highlighting the causes, clinical presentation, radiological evidence and treatment of Rickets & osteomalacia.
1362571102 a.r. undre
Prof. Dr. A.R. Undre discusses the role of CO2 laser in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes is a growing problem in India, with high rates of foot ulcers and amputations. CO2 laser therapy aims to conserve limbs and promote healing by accelerating collagen production and converting moist gangrene to dry gangrene. Case studies show CO2 laser treatment healing large, infected ulcers and saving limbs from amputation. The non-invasive laser therapy results in rapid healing with minimal pain and reduced hospital stays compared to conventional treatments.
Cysts by Dr. Syed Alam Zeb
The document discusses different types of cysts, including true cysts lined by epithelial cells and false cysts that are fluid collections not lined by epithelium. It focuses on hydatid cysts, which are caused by the parasite Echinococcus Granulosus. Hydatid cysts most commonly occur in the liver but can develop in other organs. Clinical features depend on the cyst location but may include abdominal pain or masses. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and serological blood tests. Surgical removal or puncture and aspiration are common treatments.
Candidiasis and its management in dentistry
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. It can cause superficial infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes, as well as systemic infections in severely immunocompromised individuals. Predisposing factors include antibiotic use, corticosteroid use, diabetes, and immunodeficiency. Diagnosis is made through microscopic examination, culture, or biopsy of infected tissues. Treatment involves topical or systemic antifungal medications. While orthodontic appliances do not typically cause Candida infections, carriers may be at higher risk of infection with appliances in place.
Case presentation on pemphigus vulgaris
This document presents a case presentation on Pemphigus Vulgaris. The patient is an 85 year old female who presented with fluid filled lesions all over her body. On examination, multiple fluid filled blisters were seen over the limbs and trunk along with oral lesions. A skin biopsy showed features of Pemphigus Vulgaris. The patient was started on medications including antibiotics, corticosteroids, antacids and topical steroids. She was counselled about her disease, medications, lifestyle modifications and potential drug interactions.
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CaHA (Radiesse) study in moderate to severe atrophic acne scarring
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Effects on Gingiva of Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats
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More from Dr. Peral www.dermaperal.com
Lesion on the back 2013
A 45-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a pigmented lesion on her back that had been present for 1 year. The dermatologist examined the lesion and made a diagnosis.
Basal cell carcinoma. dermoscopy
A 75-year-old woman was referred for assessment of a facial lesion that had been present for 1 year. Dermoscopy of the lesion revealed an absence of pigment network, linear and branching red blood vessels, ulceration, and multiple blue-gray globules, which are features characteristic of basal cell carcinoma.
Lesion on the cheek
A 75-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a lesion on her cheek that had been present for 1 year. After examination, including dermoscopy, the dermatologist diagnosed it as a skin lesion on the patient's cheek.
Lesion cheek
A 70-year-old man was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a pigmented lesion on his cheek that had been present for 6 years. The dermatologist examined the lesion and determined it was a benign pigmented lesion with no signs of malignancy or need for further treatment.
Acrokeratosis verruciformis
A 60-year-old woman was referred for assessment of lesions on her hands that had been present for 20 years. Skin biopsy showed mild acanthosis with slight papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis at the lesion edges. Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by multiple, symmetrical, skin-colored, wart-like lesions on the hands and feet that are usually present from birth.
Lesions on the hands
A 60-year-old woman presented with lesions on her hands that had been present for 20 years. A skin biopsy showed mild thickening of the epidermis, thickening and scaling of the skin surface, and inflammatory cells in the dermis surrounding blood vessels. The diagnosis was seborrheic keratosis based on the histological examination findings.
Hidrocystoma apocrine
A 35-year-old woman was referred for assessment of lesions on her face that had been present for 3 years. Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic skin growths of apocrine gland origin that typically appear as solitary, translucent skin-colored or bluish nodules, commonly located on the face. Histological examination revealed cystic spaces in the dermis with papillary projections, characteristic of apocrine hidrocystomas.
Lesion on the face
A 35-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of facial lesions that had been present for 3 years. A biopsy was performed and histological examination revealed the diagnosis to be rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects the face.
Seborrheic kertaosis
A 65-year-old man was referred for assessment of a 10-year-old lesion on his head. Dermoscopy showed a sharply demarcated lesion with a moth-eaten border and irregular crypts resembling a brain-like appearance with fissures and ridges. Within the lesion, networklike structures were seen that differed from a classic pigment network in melanocytic lesions by being larger with hyperpigmented lines that abruptly ended at the periphery.
Lesion on the head
A 65-year-old man was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a pigmented lesion on his head that had been present for 10 years. After examination with dermoscopy, the dermatologist diagnosed the lesion.
Lesion on the back 2012
A 65-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a pigmented lesion on her back that had been present for 6 years. The dermatologist examined the lesion and determined it was a congenital birthmark that had been on the woman's back since birth.
Spitz nevus
A 35-year-old woman was referred for assessment of a lesion on her right leg that had been present for 3 years. Dermoscopy revealed a vascular pattern with peripheral dot vessels. Pathology confirmed the lesion was a Spitz nevus. Spitz nevi can present as evolving lesions in various colors and patterns including globular, starburst, reticular, or homogeneous under dermoscopy. They may also display an atypical pattern or vascular pattern with dotted vessels, as was seen in this case.
Lesion on the leg.
A 35-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a lesion on her right leg that had been present for 3 years. Based on the limited information provided, the dermatologist cannot make a definitive diagnosis about the lesion.
Extradigital tumour glomus
A 45-year-old man presented with a painful 1 cm round reddish papule on his right leg that had been present for 3 months. A biopsy showed a well-circumscribed dermal tumor consisting of sheets of pale cells with punched-out nuclei surrounding dilated vascular spaces, consistent with an extradigital glomus tumor. Extradigital glomus tumors are a subtype of glomus tumors that can develop in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue outside of the digits, and are typically excised for diagnosis and treatment.
Fixed drug eruption
A 38-year-old man developed a lesion on his palm 3 days after taking ibuprofen. He had experienced two similar episodes previously in relation to taking ibuprofen. The man was referred to a dermatologist to assess the palm lesion, which appeared to be a fixed drug eruption caused by his use of the drug ibuprofen.
Imiquimod
A 50-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for assessment of a lesion on her nose that had been present for 1 year. A biopsy confirmed it was a superficial basal cell carcinoma. She was treated with imiquimod 5% cream applied 5 times per week, which caused mild side effects after 2 weeks but cleared the lesion completely after 4 weeks of treatment.
Imiquimod
A 50-year-old woman was referred to a dermatology department for assessment of a lesion on her nose that had been present for 1 year. A biopsy confirmed it was a superficial basal cell carcinoma. She was treated with imiquimod 5% cream applied 5 times per week for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, she developed mild erythema, crusting, and burning sensation at the site.
Pinkus
A 47-year-old man was referred for assessment of two lesions on his right gluteal and lower back that had been present for 3 years. The lesion was excised and histopathological examination revealed features consistent with fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (FEP). FEP is an uncommon variant of basal cell carcinoma first described by Hermann Pinkus in 1953. It presents as a single or multiple dome-shaped papules or large pedunculated tumors that can be pink, yellow, brown, or skin colored. Treatment options for FEP are similar to those for basal cell carcinoma.
Keratoacanthoma. spontaneous regresion
A 70-year-old woman was referred to a dermatologist for evaluation of a lesion on her forehead that had developed over the previous 4 weeks. A biopsy confirmed it was a keratoacanthoma. The patient did not attend her scheduled surgical treatment. When she returned 3 months later, the lesion had completely regressed, leaving only a scar. Keratoacanthomas are rapidly growing skin tumors that may occur as single or multiple lesions. They typically stop growing after 6-8 weeks, remain unchanged for 2-6 more weeks, then slowly regress over 2-12 months, often healing with scarring.
Extragenital lichen answer
A 50-year-old woman presented with hypopigmented, atrophic plaques on her abdomen and inframammary area. A biopsy showed features consistent with lichen sclerosus. Laboratory tests were normal. She was diagnosed with extragenital lichen sclerosus. Extragenital lichen sclerosus most often affects the abdomen and treatment typically involves topical corticosteroids, which resolved the lesions in this patient.
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PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
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To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Nutritional deficiency disorder in Child
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
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June 14, 2024Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES by bhavya kelavadiya
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
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