This document discusses squamous cell carcinoma, including its definition, causes, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment. The main extrinsic factors that can cause oral squamous cell carcinoma are tobacco smoke, alcohol, sunlight, smokeless tobacco, betel quid, occupational exposures, pollution, and radiation. Intrinsic factors include malnutrition, anemia, genetic disorders, vitamin deficiencies, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and immunosuppression. Clinically, it may present as an exophytic or endophytic lesion, ulcer, or leukoplakic/erythroplakic patch. Histopathological examination is required for diagnosis. Treatment depends on the size and extent of the lesion.

1. quamous Cell Carcinoma

2. Definition

3. Etiology
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Extrinsic Factors
 Tobacco Smoke
 Alcohol
 (for vermilion cancers only) Sunlight
 SmokelessTobacco
 Betel Quid (Paan)
 Alcohol
 Occupational Exposures & Pollutants
 Radiation
Intrinsic Factors
Systemic or generalized states
 Malnutrition
 Iron-deficiency Anemia
 Dyskeratosis Congenita
 Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies
 Bacteria
 Candida
 Oncogenic Viruses
 Immunosuppression

4. Clinical Features

5. Clinical Features
exophytic lesion
 An Endophytic growth pattern - central,
depressed, irregularly shaped ulcer with a
surrounding “rolled” border of pink, red, or
white mucosa.
 Destruction of underlying bone, when present,
may be painful or completely painless

6. Clinical Features
• Leukoplakic
• Erythroplakic
• Erythroleukoplakic
The leukoplakic and erythroplakic examples
are probably early cases that have not yet
produced a mass or ulceration.

7. The metastasis

8. Histopathology

9. Treatment
Small
lesionsLarge
lesions

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