brief history of road developments in India; present status of roads development Programme in the country in India including different programmes being executed by various agencies.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
2.1 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION : HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (TRE) 3150611 GTUVATSAL PATEL
Introduction: Highway planning and development in India, Classification of Rural and Urban roads, Highway alignment and surveys, Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
2.1 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION : HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (TRE) 3150611 GTUVATSAL PATEL
Introduction: Highway planning and development in India, Classification of Rural and Urban roads, Highway alignment and surveys, Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Design of Road Project Using MX Software VaibhavSandhu
The basic inormation which will enlighten you about MX Road Software is shared in this powerpoint. This would be of great help to anyone who has a great interest in MX Road software.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
Design of Road Project Using MX Software VaibhavSandhu
The basic inormation which will enlighten you about MX Road Software is shared in this powerpoint. This would be of great help to anyone who has a great interest in MX Road software.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
Transportation engineering, primarily involves planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities. The facilities support air, highway, railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation.
L2 Highway planning and development Unit 1.1 Sachin PatiL
Highway Planning and Development/ Highway Alignment and Surveys.
Classification of roads based on the different criteria; brief history of road developments in India; present status of roads development Programme in the country in India including different programmes being executed by various agencies
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapurSachin PatiL
Traffic survey activity carried out by my students as a part of Mandatory academic requirements. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license can be requested at email@skpatil.com.
Traffic survey activity carried out by my students as a part of Mandatory academic requirements. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license can be requested at email@skpatil.com.
Traffic survey activity carried out by my students as a part of Mandatory academic requirements. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license can be requested at email@skpatil.com.
Traffic survey activity carried out by my students as a part of Mandatory academic requirements. Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license can be requested at email@skpatil.com.
Institute News Letter for AMGOI, Vathar. My role was initiating the demand, data collection, proof reading, layout preparation as in Desktop publishing (DTP), and Publishing the news letter
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
3.2 Maharashtra regional town planning actSachin PatiL
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
3.1.1 development control rules case studySachin PatiL
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. Contents
2
Roads in Ancient India (3500 BC)
Roads in Mughal period (15th Century)
British Period (17th & 18th Century)
Roads in 19th Century (1950 onwards)
Jayakar committee and the recommendations
Nagpur road conference / 1st 20 year Road Development Plan
2nd 20 year road development plan
National Transport Policy Committee (NTPC)
3rd 20 year road development plan
National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)
3. Types of Ancient Indian Roads
• Indus Valley Civilization (Harrapa and Mohenjedaro):
Roads with brick drains on both sides.
• Mauryan rule in the 4th century constructed
Rajpath (high roads)
Banikpaths (merchant roads).
• Ashoka Regime:
Road networks with horticulture and rest houses at 4.8 – 6.4km along the roads.
• Mughul Period
Trunk roads between Northwest to Eastern part and also linking coastal and
central part of India
• British Period
Trunk roads, bridges, PWD was formed, construction of Grand Trunk Road
4. Roads in Ancient India
Excavations of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa
Mauryan’s laid down the rules
Emperor Ahoka - roads with horticulture
5. Roads in Mughal period
5
During this period, roads of India were greatly improved.
Some of the highways either built or maintained by
Mughals received great appreciation from the foreign
visitors who visited India during that periods.
Roads were built running from N-W to the Eastern areas
through Gangetic Plains, linking also the coastal and
central parts.
6. Roads in 19th Century
6
At the beginning of the British rule, the conditions of
roads deteriorated.
The economic and political shifts caused damage to a
great extent in maintenance of the road transportation.
The fall of Mughal empire led therefore to scant attention
to the communication
Prior to the introduction of railways, a number of trunk
roads were metalled and bridges were provided.
7. Roads in 19th Century
7
This was mainly done on the remains of old roads which
existed, under the supervision of the British Military
Engineers.
Infact these roads connected important military and
business centres.
Military maintenance was not quite adequate and in 1865
Lord Dalhousie, formed the PWD in more or less the
same from that exists today.
8. Roads in 19th Century
8
The construction of the Grand Trunk Road was
undertaken by this new department.
Immediately with the development of railways, attention
of the Govt. was shifted from road development except
for providing feeder roads and the railways was gaining
the privileges.
9. Jayakar committee and the
Recommendations, 1927
9
In 1927, a committee was appointed to report on question of road
development in India. The most important recommendations made
by the committee are:
i. Road development should be made a national interest since the
provincial and local Govt. do not have financial and technical capacity
for road development.
ii. Levy extra tax on petrol from road users to create the road
development fund.
iii. To establish a semi-official ,technical institution to pool technical
knowledge, sharing of ideas and to act as an advisory body.
iv. To create a national level institution to carry research , development
works and consultation.
10. Central road fund (CRF), 1929
10
The consumer of petrol were charged an extrta leavy of
2.64 paise per litre
20 % - Central Reserve – for meeting expenses on the
administration of the road fund, road experiments and
research on road and bridge projects of special interest.
80% - to be allotted by the central government to the
various states based on actual petrol consumption or
revenue collected
11. Central Road Fund , 1929
CRF Act , 2000
Distribution of 100% cess on petrol as follows:
57.5% for NH
30% for SH
12.5% for safety works on rail-Road crossing.
50% cess on diesel for Rural Road development
MORTH
12. Indian Road Congress (IRC), 1934
12
To provide national forum for regular pooling of
experience and ideas on matters related to construction
and maintenance of highways.
To recommend standard specifications.
To provide a platform for expression of professional
opinion on matters relating to roads and road transport.
13. Motor Vehicle Act, 1939
13
It was brought into effect by Govt. of India to regulate
the road traffic in the form of
Traffic laws
Ordinaces &
Regulations
The three phases primarily covered are control of the
driver, vehicle ownership and vehicle operation on roads
and in traffic stream
14. Nagpur Road Conference, 1943
14
A conference of the Chief Engineers of all states and
provinces was convened in 1943 by Govt. of India at Nagpur,
an initiative of the IRC to finalise the 1st road development plan
for the country as a whole.
In this 20 year road development plan (1943-63), popularly
known as the Nagpur Road Plan, all roads were classified into
5 categories and a 20 year development programme for the
period 1943-63 was finalised.
At the end of this plan the target road length aimed at was 16
km per 100 square km area of the country.
15. Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), 1950
15
A constituent of Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR)
The institute is mainly engaged in applied research and
offers technical advice to the state governments and
industries on various problems concerning roads
16. National Highway Act, 1956
16
Main features:
The responsibility of development and maintenance of the
National highways (NH) to be provisionally taken by the central
government.
The central Govt. to be empowered to declare any other highway
as NH or to omit any of the existing national highways from the list.
17. 2nd 20 year Road Development Plan (1961-81)
17
Also known as Bombay road plan
Target road density doubled from 1st : 32km per 100
sq.km area.
Construction of 1600km of Expressways was also
included in this plan.
18. Highway Research Board (HRB), 1973
18
Objectives IRC Highway Research Board are:
To ascertain the nature and extent of research required
To correlate research information from various organizations in
India and abroad with a view to exchange publications and
information on roads
To co-ordinate and conduct correlation services
To collect and disseminate results on research
To channelise consultative services
19. National Transport Policy Committee, 1978
19
Govt. of India appointed NTPC in the year 1978
To prepare a comprehensive national transport policy for the country for the
next decade or so.
The NTPC report was made available in the year 1980 and many of the
major recommendations of this report have been accepted by the Govt.
of India.
Some of the recommendations & suggestions:
Inclusion of transport in the priority sector
Requirement of roads in rural, hilly and tribal areas in the next road dev. Plans
Strengthening of NH system
Increase in funds for the maintenance of roads & to connect all the villages with all
weather low-cost roads within next 20 years
20. 3rd 20 year Road Development Plan
(1981-2001)
20
Also known as ‘Lucknow road plan’
Some of the important aspects
Improvement of transportation facilities in villages, towns and
small cities,
conservation of energy,
preservation of environmental quality &
improvement in road safety
Target road density: 46km (1981) to 82 km (2001) per
100 sq.km area.
21. National Highway Authority of India (NHAI),
1995
21
Responsible to develop, maintain and operate the NH
Under the control of Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
National Highway Development Programme (NHDP):
Projects under NHDP:
Golden Quadrilateral
N-S & E-W Corridor
Port connectivity
National Rural Development Agency (NRRDA):
Program under this agency: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Aim is to connect villages with a population over 1000 persons through good
all weather roads by 2003 (already achieved) and to connect villages with 500
population by 2007