Study of MORT_&_H

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Brief study of
MORTH Specifications
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India).
Introduction:
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, a ministry of the Government of India, is the
apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road
transport, and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road
transport system in India. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development
of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are
used to transport over 60% of the total goods and 85% of the passenger traffic. Hence,
development of this sector is of paramount importance for the India and accounts for a
significant part in the budget
Creation:
The Department of War Transport was formed in July, 1942, by the bifurcation of the then
Department of Communications into two Departments:
i) Department of Posts
ii) Department of War Transport.
Functions:
The functions allocated to the Department of War Transport include Major Ports, Railways
Priorities, utilization of road and water transport, Petrol rationing and Producer Gas. Broadly
speaking, the functions of the War Transport Department were to coordinate the demands for
transport in war time, Coastal Shipping and the administration and development of major ports.
Later, the planning of export was undertaken as a corollary to the Departments control of
transport priorities also.
Changes made over years:
 1957: Department of War Transport was renamed as Ministry of Transport &
Communications and Department of transport was placed under it.
 1966: On 25 January, under President's order the Department of Transport, Shipping &
Tourism was placed under Ministry of Transport and Aviation.

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 1967: On 13 March, the Ministry of Transport and Aviation was bifurcated into
Ministry of Shipping and Transport and the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation.
 1985: On 25 September, during reorganisation the Ministry of Transport and Shipping
became the Department of Surface Transport under the Ministry of Transport.
 1986: On 22 October, the Department of Surface Transport under Ministry of Transport
was renamed as Ministry of Surface Transport.
 1999: On 15 October, Ministry of Surface Transport was subsequently re-organized
into departments, namely Department of Shipping and Department of Road Transport
and Highways.
 2000: On 17 November, the Ministry of Surface Transport was bifurcated into two
Ministries namely Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and Ministry of Shipping.
 2004: On 2 October, Ministry of Shipping and Ministry of Road Transport has again
been merged and renamed as Ministry of Shipping and Road Transport and Highways
There are two departments under it:
 Department of Shipping
 Department of Road transport and Highways
Organisation Setup:
 The Secretary (Road Transport & Highways) is assisted Joint Secretary (Road
Transport), Director General (Road Development), Financial Advisor, Advisor
(Transport Research).
 Joint Secretary looks after transport administration, public grievances, vigilance road
safety and co-ordination & public relations.
 Accounts Wing is headed by Chief Controller of Accounts who is responsible for
accounts budget, work and study.
 Advisor (Transport Research) renders necessary data support to various wings of the
Ministry for policy planning, transport co-ordination, economic and statistical analysis
on various modes of transport with which the ministry is concerned.
 Director General (Road Development) is responsible for Development & Maintenance
of National Highways apart from Central Sector roads and Central road funds.
Agencies:
 National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)

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 National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation
 Indian Roads Construction Corporation (IRCC)
 Indian Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE)
Regional Offices:
 Bangalore
 Mumbai
 Kolkata
 Chandigarh
 Jaipur
 Patna
 Guwahati
 Hyderabad
 Gandhinagar
 Bhubaneshwar
 Bhopal
 Thiruvananthapuram
 Shillong
 Lucknow
The ministry has two wings functioning under it:
 Roads Wing
 Transport Wing
Roads Wing:
Main responsibilities of the roads wing are:
 Planning, development and maintenance of National Highways
 Extends technical and financial support to the state government for development of
state roads and roads of inter-state connectivity and national importance.
 Setting standards for building and maintenance of roads and bridges.
 Archiving important technical knowledge generated through projects and R&D.
Transport Wing:
Main responsibilities of the transport wing are:
 Motor Vehicle Legislation
 Taxation of motor vehicles

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 Compulsory insurance for vehicles
 Promotion of Transport co-operatives in the field of motor transport.
 Setting National road safety standards
 Compiling data on road accidents and evolving a Road safety culture among the people
in the country
 Providing grants to NGOs in accordance with laid down guidelines.
Acts:
Over years the ministry has passed several acts to maintain law and order in Road Transport in
the country
 The Road Transport Corporations Act,1950
 The National Highways Act,1956
 The Motor Vehicles Act,1988
 The National Highways Authority of India Act,1988
Statistics:
India has one of the largest road networks of over 4.885 million km consisting of:
Road Length Distribution
Roads Length
National Highways/
Expressways
92,851 km
State Highways 1,42,687 km
Other Roads 46,49,462 km
Total 48,85,000 km
The total road length of India had grown more than 11 times in 60 years from 1951-2011 also
the length of the surfaced roads ha increased about 16 times over the same period. The
connectivity in India has tremendously improved due to formation of new surface roads.

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 Total length of roads (in lakh km)
 Total length of surfaced roads (in lakh km)
For development of roads in the country the government has made an allocation of ₹19,423.88
crores under the Central Road Fund for 2013-2014 with the following breakup.
Type Grants
Grants to State Governments and
UTs for State Roads
₹2,659.91 crores
Grants to SGs and UTs for inte-
state connectivity and roads of
national importance
₹262.22 crores
National Highways ₹9,881.95 crores
Rural Roads ₹5,827.20 crores
Railways ₹1092.60 crores
Total
₹19,423.88
crores
Government Initiatives:
The government has provided various incentives for private and foreign sector investments in
the roads sector. 100% FDI is allowed in the sectors of land transport to promote building of
highway bridges, toll roads, and vehicular tunnels; services incidental to transport such as cargo
handling is incidental to land transport; construction and maintenance of roads, bridges; and
construction and maintenance of roads and highways offered on build-operate-transfer (BOT)
basis, including collection of toll.
A 10-year tax exemption under Section 80 IA has been granted to the Highway building
projects to attract private investors. The ministry has also framed a ‘Special Accelerated Road
Development Programme in North Eastern Region’ for improving road connectivity to remote

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places in this region. The estimated cost of the proposal is USD 2.53 billion. The Union Budget
2012–13 proposed an increase of allocation of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
by 14% to ₹25,360 crore.
The World Bank has approved a USD 975 million loan for developing the first phase of the
eastern arm of the USD 17.21 billion Dedicated Freight Corridor Project in India. The
Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. has tied up with the Japanese Bank of
Industrial Cooperation for USD 14.56 billion funding as loan for the first phase and it is likely
to be commissioned in 2016.
The Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is a scheme for development of rural roads
in India. The Construction of Rural Roads Project (CRRP) is another initiative focused on rural
development.
Study of Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India) (MoRTH)
MoRTH is a sort of specification which is applicable to Road and Bridge works which are to
be executed under the contract and otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. The main

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intension of this specification is to prevail sound engineering practise, to employ best quality
material and workmanship and to fully comply with the instructions of the Engineer.
This specification is implemented in order to carry out to the satisfaction of the Engineer and
conform to the location, lines, dimensions, grades and cross sections shown on the drawings or
as decided by the Engineer. The standard requirements of quality of materials, processing of
the materials needed on the site, Salient features of the construction work and quality of
finished work, measures for safety of workers and public and traffic arrangements during
execution are set in the sections of MoRTH.
While formulating MoRTH specifications all Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications and
recommended Codes of Practice have been referred and listed in Appendix – 1.
Picture 1. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India) (MoRTH)
Here forth all sections are discussed along with their brief description, content and at the end
some important points are mentioned while studying and implementing the provisions of those
specifications.

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Section 100. General
These Specifications shall apply to all such road and bridge works as are required to be
executed under the Contract or otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-Charge (hereinafter
referred to as the Engineer). In every case, the work shall be carried out to the satisfaction of
the sections shown on the drawings or as indicated by the Engineer. The quality of materials,
processing of materials as may be needed at the site, salient features of the construction work
and quality of finished work shall comply with the requirements set forth in succeeding
sections. Where the drawings and Specifications describe a portion of the work in only general
terms, and not in complete detail, it shall be understood that only the best general practice is to
prevail, materials and workmanship of the best quality are to be employed and instructions of
the Engineer are to be fully complied with.
A list of Indian Roads Congress Specifications and Recommended Codes of Practice which
have been made use of in the preparation of these Specifications is given at Appendix-1. The
latest edition of all Specifications/Standards till 30 (thirty) days before the final date of
submission of the tender, shall be adopted.
Section Title Content
100 General 101. Introduction
102. Definitions
103. Materials and test standard
104. Sieve Designations
105. Scope of work
106. Construction Equipment
107. Contract Drawings
108. Site Information
109. Setting out
110. Publications
111. Precautions for Safeguarding the Environment
112. Arrangement for Traffic During Construction
113. General rules for the measurement of works for payment
114. Scope of rates for different items of work
115. Methodology and sequence of work
116. Crushed stone aggregates
117. Approval of materials
118. supply of quarry samples
119. Use of surfaces by construction traffic
120. Site office for engineer and other supervisory staff
121. Field laboratory
122. Site residential accommodation for engineer and other
supervisory staff
123. Providing and maintaining wireless communication system

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124. Providing and maintaining vehicles for the engineer
125. Supply of colour record photographs and albums
126. Supply of video cassettes
Section 200. Site Clearance
This work shall consist of cutting, removing and disposing of all materials such as trees, bushes,
shrubs, stumps, roots, grass, weeds, top organic soil not exceeding 150 mm in thickness,
rubbish etc., which in the opinion of the Engineer are unsuitable for incorporation in the works,
from the area of road land containing and embankment, drains, cross-drainage structures and
such other areas as may be specified on the drawings or by the Engineer.
200 Site
Clearance
201. Clearance and Grubbing
202. Dismantling Culverts, Bridges and Other Structures /
Pavements
Section 300. Earthwork, Erosion Control and Drainage
The work shall consist of excavation, removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials
necessary for the construction of roadway, side drains and waterways in accordance with
requirements of these Specifications and the lines, grades and cross-sections shown in the
drawings or as indicated by the Engineer.
300 Earthwork,
Erosion
Control and
Drainage
301. Excavation for Roadway and Drains
302. Blasting operations
303. Presplitting rock excavation slopes
304. Excavation for Structure
305. Embankment Construction
306. Soil erosion and sedimentation control
307. Turfing with sods
308. Seeding and mulching
309. Surface/Sub-Surface Drains
310. Preparation and surface treatment of formation
311. Works to be kept free of water
312. Water courses at culverts
313. Construction of rockfill embankment
Section 400. Sub-Bases, Bases (Non-Bituminous) and Shoulders

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This work shall consist of laying and compacting well-graded material on prepared sub-grade
in accordance with the requirements of these Specifications.
400 Sub-Bases,
Bases (Non-
Bituminous)
and
Shoulders
401. Granular sub-base
402. Lime treated soil for improved sub-grade/sub-base
403. Cement treated soil sub-base/base
404. Water bound macadam sub-base/base
405. Crushed cement concrete sub-base/base
406. Wet mix macadam sub-base/base
407. Shoulders, islands and median
408. Cement concrete kerb and kerb with channel
409. Footpaths and separators
410. Crusher-run macadam base
Wet mix macadam sub-base/base:
This work shall consist of laying and compacting clean, crushed, graded aggregate and granular
material, premixed with water, to a dense mass on a prepared subgrade/sub-base/base or
existing pavement as the case may be in accordance with the requirements in these
Specifications. The Material shall be laid in one or more layers as necessary to lines, grades
and cross-sections shown on the approved drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
The thickness of a single compacted Wet Mix Macadam layer shall not be less than 75 mm.
When vibrating or other approved types of compacting equipment are used, the compacted
depth of a single layer of the sub-base course may be increased to 200 mm upon approval of
the Engineer.
Grading requirements of aggregates for wet mix macadam:
IS Sieve
Designation
Per cent by weight passing
the IS Sieve
53.00 mm 100
45.00 mm 95-100
45.00 mm - -
22.40 mm 60-80
11.20 mm 40-60
4.75 mm 25-40
2.36 mm 15-30

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600.00 micron 8-22
75.00 micron 0-8
Section 500. Bases and Surface Courses (Bituminous)
Bituminous pavement courses shall be made using the material described in the specifications.
The use of machinery and equipment mentioned in various clauses of these specifications is
mandatory. Details of machinery and equipment are available in the manual of construction
and Supervision of Bituminous Works. The equipment mandatory for any particular project
shall be in accordance with the contact specifications for that project.
500 Bases and
Surface
Courses
(Bituminous)
501. General Requirements for Bituminous Pavement
502. Prime Coat over Granular Base
503. Tack Coat
504. Bituminous Macadam
505. Dense Bituminous Macadam
506. Sand Asphalt Base Course
507. Bituminous Concrete
508. Close-Graded Premix Surfacing/ Mixed Seal Surfacing
509. Surface Dressing
510. Open-Graded Premix Surfacing
511. Seal Coat
512. Slurry Seal
513. Fog Spray
514. Micro - Surfacing
515. Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)
516. Mastic Asphalt
517. Crack Prevention Courses
518. Bituminous Cold Mix (including Gravel Emulsion)
519. Recycling of Bituminous Pavement
520. Supply of Stone Aggregates for Pavement Courses
Section 600. Concrete Pavement
The work shall consist of construction of (zero slump) dry lean concrete sub-base for cement
concrete pavement in accordance with the requirements of these specifications and in
conformity with the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by
the Engineer. The work shall include furnishing of all plant and equipment, materials and

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labour and performing all operations, in connection with the work, as approved by the
Engineer.
600 Concrete
Pavement
601. Dry Lean Cement Concrete Sub-Base
602. Cement Concrete Pavement
Section 700. Geosynthetics
The specification covers the various applications of geosynthetic materials for use in road and
bridge works including supplying and laying as per contract specifications.
700 Geosynthetics 701. Geosynthetics for Road and Bridge Works
702. Geotextiles for Drainage, separation and Erosion Control
703. Geogrid
704. Geocomposite Drains
705. Geocell for Slope Protection
706. Geosynthetic Mat
707. Natural Geotextile
708. Paving Fabrics/ Glass Grids
Section 800. Traffic Signs and Appurtenances
The colour configuration, size and location of all traffic signs for highways other than
Expressways shall be in accordance with the Code of Practice for Road Signs, IRC: 67 or as
shown on the drawings.
800 Traffic Signs
and
Appurtenances
801. 1 General
801. 2 Materials
801. 3 Traffic Signs Having retro-reflective Sheeting
801. 4 Installation
801. 5 Measurements for Payment
801. 6 Rate
802. Overhead Signs
803. Road Markings
804. Hectometre/kilometre stone
805. Road delineators
806. Boundary stones
807. Fencing
808. Tubular steel railing
809. Concrete crash barrier
810. Metal beam crash barrier

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811. Road traffic signals
Section 900. Quality control for Road Works
All materials to be used, all method to be adopted and all work to be performed shall be strictly
in accordance with the requirements of these specifications. The contractor shall set up a field
laboratory at locations approved by the Engineer and equip the same with adequate equipment
and personnel in order to carry out the Quality Control for works and all the required test as
per Specifications and/or as directed by the Engineer. The provision and maintenance of the
laboratory shall be as per clause 120 and/or directed by the Engineer. The list of equipments
and the facilities shall be got approved from Engineer in advance.
900 Quality
control for
Road
Works
901. General
902. control of Alignment, Level and Surface Regularity
903. Quality control Tests during Construction
Section 1000. Material for structures
Materials to be used in the work shall conform specifications mentioned on the drawings, the
requirements laid down in this section and specifications for relevant items of work.
If any material, not covered in these specifications, is required to be used in the work, it shall
conform to relevant Indian standards, if there any, or to the requirements specified by the
Engineer.
1000 Material for
structures
1001. Description
1002. Sources of Materials
1003. Bricks
1004. Stone and Blocks
1005. Cast Iron
1006. Cement
1007. Coarse Aggregates
1008. Fine Aggregates
1009. Steel
1010. Water
1011. Timber
1012. Concrete Admixtures
1013. Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Pipes
1014. Storage of Materials

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1015. Testing and standards of acceptance
Section 1100. Pile Foundations
This work shall consist of construction of all types of piles for structures in accordance with
the details shown on the drawings and confirming to the requirements of these specifications
or as directed by the Engineer.
1100 Pipe
Foundations
1101. Description
1102. Subsurface Investigations
1103. Type of Piles
Section 1200. Well Foundations
This work consists of construction of well foundation, taking it down to the founding level
through all kinds of sub-strata, plugging the bottom, filling the inside of the well, plugging the
top and providing as well cap in accordance with the details shown on the drawing and as per
these Specifications, or as directed by the Engineer.
1200 Well
Foundations
1201. Description
1202. General
1203. Setting out and preparations for sinking
1204. Cutting edge
1205. Well curb
1206. Well steining
1207. Well sinking
1208. Bottom plug
1209. Sand filling
1210. Top plug
1211. Well cap
1212. Tolerances
1213. Tests and standards of acceptance
1214. Measurements for payment
1215. Rate
Section 1300. Brick Masonry
This work shall consist of construction of structures with bricks jointed together by cement
mortar in accordance with the details shown on the drawings or as approved by the Engineer.

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1300 Brick
Masonry
1301. Description
1302. Materials
1303. Personnel
1304. Cement mortar
1305. Soaking of bricks
1306. Joints
1307. Laying
1308. Jointing old and new work
1309. Curing
1310. Scaffolding
1311. Equipment
1312. Finishing of surfaces
1313. Architectural coping for wing / return / parapet wall
1314. Acceptance of work
1316. Rate
Section 1400. Stone Masonry
This work shall consist of the construction of structures with stones jointed together by cement
mortar in accordance with the details shown on the drawings and these specifications or as
approved by the Engineer.
1400 Stone
Masonry
1401. Description
1402. Materials
1403. Personnel
1404. Type of Masonry
1405. Construction
1406. Pointing
1407. Curing
1408. Scaffolding
1409. Weep Holes
1410. Jointing with Existing Structures
1411. Coping for Wing/Return/ Parapet Walls
1414. Rate
Section 1500. Formwork
Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required for forming the concrete of
the shape, dimensions and surface finish as shown on the drawing or as directed by the

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Engineer, together with all props, staging, centering, scaffolding and temporary construction
required for their support. The design, erection and removal of formwork shall conform to IRC:
87 “Guidelines for Design and Erection of Falsework for Road Bridges” and these
Specifications
1500 Formwork 1501. Description
1502. Materials
1503. Design of Formwork
1504. Workmanship
1505. Lining of Formwork
1506. Precautions
1507. Preparation of Formwork Before Concreting
1508. Removal of Formwork
1509. Re-Use of Formwork
1510. Specialized Formwork
1513. Rate
Section 1600. Steel Reinforcement (Untensioned)
Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required for forming the concrete of
the shape, dimensions and surface finish as shown on the drawing or as directed by the
Engineer, together with all props, staging, centering, scaffolding and temporary construction
required for their support. The design, erection and removal of formwork shall conform to IRC:
87 “Guidelines for Design and Erection of Falsework for Road Bridges” and these
Specifications
1600 Steel
Reinforcement
(Untensioned)
1601. Description
1602. General
1603. Protection of Reinforcement
1604. Bending of Reinforcement
1605. Placing of Reinforcement
1606. Bar Splices
1607. Testing and acceptance
1609. Rate

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Section 1700. Structural Concrete
The work shall consist of furnishing and placing structural concrete and incidental construction
in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and
dimensions, as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
1700 Structural
Concrete
1701. Description
1702. Materials
1703. Grades of Concrete
1704. Proportioning of Concrete
1705. Admixtures
1706. Size of Coarse Aggregate
1707. Equipment
1708. Mixing Concrete
1709. Transporting, Placing and Compaction of Concrete
1710. Construction joints
1711. Concreting Under Water
1712. Adverse Weather Conditions
1713. Protection and Curing
1714. Finishing
1715. Tolerances
1716. Tests and Standards of Acceptance
1717. Measurements for Payment
1718. Rate
Grades of concrete: The grades of concrete shall be designated by the characteristic strength
as given in Table 1700-1,where the characteristic strength is defined as the strength of concrete
below which not more than 5 percent of the test results are expected to fall.
Grade
Designation
Specified characteristic compressive
strength of 150 mm cubes at 28 days,
in MPa
M 15 15
M 20 20
M 25 25
M 30 30
M 35 35
M 40 40
M 45 45
M 50 50
M 55 55

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The lowest grades of concrete in bridges and corresponding minimum cement contents and
water-cement ratios shall be maintained as indicated in Tables 1700-2 and 1700-3.
For bridges with prestressed concrete or those with individual span lengths more than 30 m or
those that are built with innovative design/construction
a) Minimum cement content and maximum water cement ratio
Structural Member
Min. cement
content for all
exposure
conditions
(kg/m3)
Max. water cement ratio
Exposure conditions
Normal Severe
a) PCC members 360 0.45 0.45
b) RCC members 400 0.45 0.4
c) PSC members 400 0.4 0.4
b) Minimum strength of concrete
Member
Condition of
Exposure
Moderate Severe
a) PCC members M 25 M 30
b) RCC members M 35 M 40
c) PSC members M 35 M 40
For bridges other than those mentioned in table 1700-2 and culverts and other incidental
construction
a) Minimum cement content and maximum water cement ratio
Structural Member
Min. cement content
(kg/ m3)
Max. water
cement ratio
Exposure conditions Exposure conditions
Normal Severe Normal Severe
a) PCC members 250 310 0.50 0.45
b) RCC members 310 400 0.45 0.40

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b) Minimum strength of concrete:
Member
Condition of Exposure
Moderate Severe
a) PCC
members
M 15 M 20
b) RCC
members
M 20 M 25
Notes: Applicable to Tables 1700-2 and 1700-3
(i) The minimum cement content is based on 20 mm aggregate (nominal max. size). For
40 mm and larger size aggregates, it may be reduced suitably but the reduction shall
not be more than 10 per cent.
(ii) For underwater concreting, the cement content shall be increased by 10 per cent.
(iii) Severe conditions of exposure shall mean alternate wetting and drying due to sea spray,
alternate wetting and drying combined with freezing and buried in soil having corrosive
effect.
(iv) Moderate conditions of exposure shall mean other that those mentioned in (iii) above.
The cement content shall be as low as possible but not less than the quantities specified
above. In no case shall it exceed540 kg/ m3 of concrete.
Section 1800. Prestressing
Structural concrete containing prestressed steel reinforcement to introduce precompression is
termed as prestressed concrete. The work shall be carried out in accordance with the drawing
and these specifications or as approved by the engineer.
Concrete and untensioned steel for the construction of prestressed concrete members shall
conform to the requirements of sections 1700 and 1600 for structural concrete and steel
reinforcement respectively in so far as the requirements of these Sections apply and are not
specifically modified by requirements set forth herein.

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1800 Prestressing 1801. Description
1802. General
1803. Materials
1804. Testing of prestressing Steel and Anchorages
1805. Workmanship
1806. Supervision
1807. Tensioning Equipment
1808. Post Tensioning
1809. Grouting of Prestressed Tendons
1810. Pre - Tensioning
1811. Protection of Ends
1812. Safety Precautions During Tensioning
1813. Surface Preparation
1814. Transportation Storage and Handling of Precast Girders
1815. Tolerances
1818. Rate
Section 1900. Structural Steel
This work shall include furnishing, fabricating, transporting, erecting and painting structural
steel, rivet steel, cast steel, steel forgings, cast iron and other incidental metal construction of
the kind, size and quantity in conformity with the drawings and these specifications or as
desired by the Engineer.
1900 Structural
Steel
1901. Description
1902. General
1903. Materials
1904. Fabrication
1905. Erection
1906. Painting
1909. Rate
All materials shall conform to section 1000. Special requirements are given below:
Mild steel for bolts and nuts shall conform to IS: 226 but have a minimum tensile strength of
44 kg/sq. mm and minimum percentage elongation of 14. High tensile steel for bolts and nuts
shall conform to IS:961 but with a minimum tensile strength of 58 kg/sq. mm. High strength
friction grip bolts shall be permitted for use only on satisfactory evidence of performance to

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the requirements (not covered by these specifications) specified by the Engineer or included in
the special provisions.
For cast steel, the yield stress shall be determined and shall not be less than 50 per cent of the
minimum tensile strength.
Plain washers shall be of steel. Tapered or other specially shaped washers shall be of steel, or
malleable cast iron.
Section 2000. Bearings
This work shall consist of furnishing and fixing bearings in position in accordance with the
details shown on the drawings, to the requirements of these specifications or as directed by the
Engineer.
2000 Bearings 2001. Description
2002. General
2003. Steel bearings
2004. Special bearings
2005. Elastomeric bearings
2006. Pot bearings
2007. Inspection and testing
2010. Rate
Height of Bearings:
Tolerances on height of any component casting shall not exceed +0.5mm. No minus tolerance
shall be allowed. All rocking, rolling and sliding surfaces shall have a machine smooth finish
to 20 micron maximum mean deviation as per IS: 3073.
Section 2100. Open Foundation
The work shall cover furnishing and providing plain or reinforced concrete foundation placed
in open excavation, in accordance with the drawings and these specifications or as directed by
the Engineer.

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2100 Bearings 2101. Description
2102. Materials
2103. General
2104. Workmanship
2106. Tolerances
2108. Rate
Section 2200. Sub-structure
The work shall cover furnishing and providing of masonry or reinforced concrete sub-structure
in accordance with the drawings and as per these specifications or as directed by the Engineer.
2200 Sub-
structure
2201. Description
2202. Materials
2203. General
2204. Pier and abutments
2205. Pier cap and abutment cap
2206. Dirt/ballast wall, return wall and wing wall
2208. Tolerances in Concrete Elements
2210. Rate
Section 2300. Concrete Superstructure
The work shall cover furnishing and providing of concrete superstructure in accordance with
the drawings as per these specifications or as directed by the Engineer.
2300 Concrete
Superstructure
2301. Description
2302. Materials
2303. General
2304. Reinforced concrete construction
2305. Prestressed concrete construction
2306. Tolerances
2308. Tolerances in Concrete Elements
2210. Rate

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Section 2400. Surface and Sub-surface Geotechnical Exploration
The objective of sub-surface exploration is to determine the suitability or otherwise of the soil
or rock surrounding the foundation and soil parameters and rock characteristics for the design
o foundation by in-situ testing or testing of samples/ cores taken out of exploration. The sub-
surface exploration shall be planned in such a way that different types of soil up to the desired
depth and their profile for the full proposed length of the bridge can be recorded and other
information such as mechanical and physical properties like grain-size distribution, sensitivity,
any existence of deleterious material in soil or ground water, etc., are determined along with
soil parameters and rock characteristics. The sub-surface exploration shall also throw light on
porosity of rock and subsidence due to mining, ground water level, artesian condition, if any,
likely sinking and driving effort, likely constructional difficulties, etc.
2400 Surface and
Sub-surface
Geotechnical
Exploration
2401. Description
2402. Preliminary investigation
2403. Detailed exploration
2404. Exploration for bridge foundations resting on rock
2405. Boring
2406. Records of boring and trial pits
2407. Methods of sampling
2408. Procedure for taking samples
2409. Protection, handling and labelling of samples
2410. Tests for exploration of shallow foundations of bridges
2411. Tests for exploration for deep foundations of bridges
2412. Testing of material for guide bund and high embankment
and its foundations
2414. Rate
Section 2500. River Training Work and Protection work
River training and protection work shall include construction of guide bunds, guide walls, bank
protection, flooring and approach embankment protection as required for ensuring safety of the
bridge structure and its approaches against damage by flood/flowing water. Construction of
various components shall conform to IRC: 89 and these specifications or as directed by the
Engineer.

24
2500 River
Training
Work and
Protection
work
2501. Description
2502. Guide bund
2503. Apron
2504. Guide bund
2505. Pitching/reventment on slopes
2506. Dry rubble flooring
2507. Certain wall and flexible apron
2510. Rate
Section 2600. Expansion Joints
The work shall consist of fabrication and installation of expansion joints. The filler joint,
asphaltic plug joint, compression seal joint and reinforced elastomeric joint of slab seal, strip
seal and box seal type shall conform to these specifications.
2600 Expansion
Joints
2601. Description
2602. General
2603. Performance Requirements
2604. Filler Joints
2605. Reinforced Elastomeric Joint
2606. Single Strip/ Box Seal Joint
2607. Modular Strip/ Box Seal Expansion Joint
2608. Asphalt Plug Joint
2609. Compression Seal Joint
2610. Installation of Expansion Joints
2611. Procedure for Installation
2612. Testing and Acceptance Standards
2615. Rate
Section 2700. Wearing Coat and Appurtenance
This work shall include wearing coat and bridge appurtenance such as railing, approach slab,
drainage spouts, weep holes in conformity with details shown on the drawing and these
specifications or as approved by the Engineer.

25
2700 Wearing Coat
and
Appurtenance
2701. Description
2702. Wearing coat
2703. Railings
2704. Approach slab
2705. Drainage spouts
2706. Weep hole
2709. Rate
Section 2800. Repair of Structures
Repair of structures shall be carried out in accordance with the repair plans and these
specifications or as directed by the Engineer. Where repair work is not covered by these
specifications, special specification may be framed. Implementation of repair schemes shall
also conform to provision of IRC: SP: 40.
2800 Repair of
Structures
2801. Description
2802. General
2803. Sealing of cracks by injection of epoxy resin
2804. Epoxy mortar for replacement of spalled concrete
2805. Epoxy bonding of new concrete to old concrete
2806. Cement grouting
2807. Guniting / shotcrete
2808. Replacement / rectification of bearings
2809. Dismantling of concrete wearing coat
2810. External prestressing
2813. Rate
Section 2900. Pipe Culverts
This work shall consist of furnishing and installing reinforced cement concrete pipes, of the
type, diameter and length required at the locations shown on the drawings or as ordered by the
Engineer and in accordance with the requirements of these specifications.
2900 Pipe Culverts 2901. Scope
2902. Materials
2903. Excavation for Pipe

26
2904. Bedding for Pipe
2905. Laying of Pipe
2906. Jointing
2907. Backfilling
2908. Headwalls and Other Ancillary Works
2909. Opening to Traffic
2911. Rate
Section 3000. Maintenance of Road
The specifications shall apply to all items of road maintenance works as required to be carried
out under the Contract or as directed by the Engineer. The works shall be carried out in
conformity with the relevant specifications to the required level, grade and lines using approved
materials. The works shall be carried out using light duty machinery or manual means provided
the quality of the end product does not suffer. In execution of maintenance works, a reference
is made to the IRC publications: “Manual for Maintenance of Roads” and Code of Practice for
Maintenance for Bituminous surfaces of highways, IRC 82-1982”for guidance and compliance
wherever applicable. Wherever the specification is not clear, good engineering practice shall
be adopted in the construction to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3000 Maintenance
of Road
3001. General
3002. Restoration of Rains cuts
3003. Maintenance of Earthen Shoulders
3004. Bituminous work in Connection with Maintenance and
repair
3005. Maintenance of cement concrete Road
Section 3100. Reinforced Earth
The work covers construction of soil structures together with the construction of earthwork in
layers, assembly and placing of reinforcing elements and facia elements during the construction
process and all associated works.
The work shall include the Design and Construction of the reinforced soil structure and ground
improvement measures required, if any.
The reinforced soil retaining structures can be used as, i) Reinforced soil retaining wall, ii)
Reinforced soil abutment, iii) Reinforced soil slope.

27
Reinforced soil structures with slope face angles steeper than 700 are categorized as reinforced
soil walls and those with slope face angle less than 700 are considered as reinforced soil slopes.
3100 Reinforced
Earth
3101. Scope
3102. Design
3103. Reinforcing Element
3104. Earth Fill
3105. Facia Material
3106. Construction Details
3107. Reinforced Soil Slopes
3108. System Responsibility, Performance Bond
3110. Rate
Section 3200. Soil Nailing
The specifications shall apply to Soil Nailing works as required to be carried out under the
contract or as directed by the Engineer.
3200 Soil Nailing 3201. Scope
3202. Nail installation Methods
3203. Construction Materials
3204. Facing types
3205. Construction Sequence
3206. Geotechnical Aspects
3207. Analysis of Failure Modes
3208. Initial Design Considerations
3209. Other Design Considerations
3210. Field Pullout Testing
3212. Rates
3213. References

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