The document discusses various ventilation systems used in buildings including passive stack ventilation (PSV), single room heat recovery ventilation (SRHRV), mechanical extract ventilation (MEV), positive input ventilation (PIV), intermittent extract fans with background ventilators, whole house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR), and natural ventilation methods like stack effect. Each system is described in terms of its components, installation process, and potential problems. Benefits of proper ventilation and energy efficient systems include cost savings, improved indoor air quality, increased property value, and reduced environmental impact.

2.  Process of changing air in an enclosed space
 A proportion of air should be withdrawn and replaced by the
fresh air continuously
 Maintain the air purity, allow the oxygen to enter and water
vapors, smell to leave
 Without proper ventilation, home will be suffer by damages,
most common-rot

3.  Using less energy to have same kind of service
 Instead of installing air-conditioner, use whole house fan
 An efficient ventilation – establish hazard, satisfy user
comfort, be energy efficient, cost effective.
 Heating, ventilation & air-conditioning (HVAC) ensure a
pleasant, comfortable & safe work environment
 Significant energy and money saving can be made out
through when constructing new buildings, good strategies
presence optimize energy use in existing HVAC systems that
are reducing the demand for the service and ensuring the
good maintenance practices

5. Passive Stack
Ventilation (PSV)
- Connected via near-vertical
ducts to ridge or other roof
terminals.
- Replacement dry air is drawn
into the room via background
ventilators and by air leakage
- Air is drawn up the ducts by a
combination of the stack effect
and wind effect

6. Installation process
Each wet room must have
their individual ducts
Make sure that the ducting
fixed securely to the
terminals
Cut the ducts to length, and
the angles of offsets should
not more than 45`
The ducts must be insulated

7. Possible Problems to
the System
 Wastes heat and may cause draughts therefore
additional input grilles are required in living rooms to
prevent draughts
 Have tendency to over or under ventilate depending
on weather conditions.
 Window trickle vents and wall inlets are required.
 Lack of pressure differences affecting airflow might
mean it’s necessary to use an open window or
additional central fan during warmer weather

8. Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)
 Is also known as mechanical
ventilation heat recovery
 recovers heat from the outgoing
air and pre-heats the incoming
air
 moderate and balance the
temperature of the house
 typically dual speed, providing
low-speed and high-speed
airflow

9.  can be mounted on the
places like floor, joists or
plinth.
 correctly located, wired
and commission on places
which have the easy
access to the main
electricity
 Make sure there is an
adequate gap between the
exhaust vents and
incoming vents
Installation process

10. Possible Problems to
the System
 Recirculation possible due to close proximity of supply
and extract grilles.
 Too noisy to be installed in bedrooms or other quiet
places.
 Fresh outdoor air and extracted air are indirectly in
contact with each other, therefore any pollutant could
be exchanged between the fresh and extracted air.

11. Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
Extracts air from ‘wet’
rooms continually
 Less dependency on
background ventilators
Able to increase the speed
of the fan and extraction
rate as necessary, rather
than raising the extraction
rate for the whole building.

12. Installation process
 ducts should be sealed using tape or sealant
 can be mounted on the places which have anti-vibration mountings
between the unit and the structure.

13. Possible Problems to
the System
 Requires ducting from the wet rooms and also requires
commissioning.
 Air infiltration through the building envelope creates
easily draught in winter in cold climate.
 The exhaust is usually from kitchens, bathrooms, and
toilets ventilation supply air flow is not evenly distributed
in the bed rooms and living rooms.

14. Positive Input Ventilation (PIV)
 is also known as low energy
positive input ventilation
 typically mounted in the roof
space
 supplying fresh and filtered air
into a property at a continuous
rate
 either operate under manually
or humidity controlled boost
option

15. Installation process
Make sure the upstairs ceiling
is airtight
 Airflow should not passing
directly over a smoke detector
 Air taken from the roof space
should be filtered.
The automatic sensor should
be correctly located, wired and
commission in the house.
PIV Loft Mounted Unit
Whole House Positive Input
Ventilation Unit

16. Possible Problems to
the System
 Some additional enhancement may be needed
depending on the building structure
 Air tight buildings there may not be enough ventilation
so may require extract ventilation ports in wet rooms,
these ports may have to remain constantly open

17. Intermittent Extract Fan &
Background Ventilators
 provide rapid extraction of moisture and other pollutants.
 operate intermittently under either occupant or automatic
control.
 The fans can be either mounted in a window, ceiling or
external wall.
 These fans do not run continuously, therefore the
background ventilators should be sized to provide adequate
continuous whole house ventilation.

18. Possible Problems to
the System
 May produce lots of noise
 Prone to occupant tampering & if
occupant is controlled, it may not be
used
 Single façade dwellings require
additional background ventilators fitted
at low level

19. Whole House Mechanical
Ventilation with Heat
Recovery (MVHR)
 usually combines supply and extract ventilation in one
system.
 Systems considered here incorporate a heat exchanger.
 provide the ideal ventilation system, delivering the required
ventilation rate almost independently of the weather
conditions
 The system is typically dual speed, providing low-speed
continuous ‘trickle’ ventilation, and high-speed ‘boost’ extract
flow.

20. Possible Problems to
the System
An adequate level of air tightness must be achieved
 In order to perform in optimum condition
Can be difficult in existing dwellings
Complexity for installation & commissioning

21. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

22.  Maintaining the effectiveness of ventilation
regardless of wind direction
Ensuring constant supply of fresh air to maintain
Indoor Air Quality
 Making sure Inlet and Outlet openings are not
obstructed by nearby objects
 Air exchange rate in naturally ventilated areas
mostly on :-
 Weather
 Internal & External factors of a
building

23.  Mostly applicable in tall
buildings
Warm air is less dense than
cold air, as a result, warm air
rises and escapes and cooler
air enters the building through
openings lower down
 Effectiveness depends on:-
 Height
 Difference in temperature
 Area/size of the openings
 Energy efficient; no energy is
needed for stack effect to
take place
STACK EFFECT

24. HEAT RECOVERY
VENTILATION (HRV)
Equipment used is known as Heat
Recovery Ventilator
Can operate independently or
attached to an existing system
Earth-to-air heat exchanger
involves a earth warming pipe,
buried 1.5m which transfers the
heat from inside to outside
Energy efficient

25. Mechanical Extract
Ventilation (MEV)
 Draws moisture from
wet rooms e.g.
kitchens, bathrooms
etc.
 Placed on top of the
ceiling of the house
 MEV Spider is an
Example of a
Mechanical Extract
ventilator
 Operate with very little
power

26. POSITIVE INPUT
VENTILATION (PIV)
 Supply fresh filtered air
at a continuous rate
 “PIV Loft Mounted Unit”
used in households to
circulate fresh air into
the building from a
central point
 Energy efficient and is
used for health benefits

28. ADVANTAGES
 SAVE COST IN A LONG TERM PLAN
 Control usage of energy
 Control usage of electrical appliances
 Electric bills per year REDUCED !!!
 MUCH HEALTHIER INDOOR
ENVIRONMENT
 Provide fresher air
 Occupant will feel more comfortable
 INCREASE PRICE OF ASSET
 Buildings that are perceived certified as
energy efficient
 Command higher occupancy rates &
rentals
 Price of asset GONE UP

29. ADVANTAGES
 IMPROVE OPERATING SYSTEM
 Work more reliably & efficiently
 Require fewer repair
 LAST LONGER
 CUTS BUILDING CARBON EMISSIONS
 Reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases
 SAVE ENVIRONMENT !

30. DISADVANTAGES
✘ HIGH COST IN SHORT TERM
 Expensive building materials
 Higher payment for architect & engineer
✘ TAKES LONGER TIME TO BUILD
 Drastic architectural design
 Require more time
✘ MIGHT HARM THE ENVIRONMENT
 The use of natural materials

32. Stack Effect
- ventilate the room to be hot or cold than the
outside air temperature
- causes air infiltration
- During the hot season, the indoor warm air will
flow to the top opening and replaced by the
cooler air outside through the stack effect of
ventilation.
- during the cold season, the cooler air will be
drawn out and replaced with warmer air from
outside

33. Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)
create a healthier environment.
increase the air permeability
extract the stalely air from the kitchen,
bathroom & toilet
supplies the fresh air into the ventilation
system through a filter
prevent allergies from the incoming
dusty air.

34. Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
Extracts the air from a particular room
Has two kinds of exhaust system
 single-point
 multi point exhaust system.
Single point exhaust system
 extract the air from the kitchen & bathroom
 allows the residents temporarily boots the ventilation
rate
Multi point exhaust system
 The bathroom has exhaust port instead of having spot
fan
 allows the residents temporarily boost the ventilation
rate

35. Positive Input
Ventilation (PIV)
 Deal with condensation
problem in a building.
 Ideal for retrofit projects.
 Easy to install and
extremely cost-effective
to run

37. ARTICA
• Reduces energy usage up to 90%
• Lower costs
• Uses thermal Battery
• Consists of four components an insulated duct, air diffusers,
the Air Handling Unit and the control system.
• Perfect for offices and commercial properties

38. • Ground-breaking passive ventilation with
heat recovery product
• The highest levels of energy savings
• Designed for continuous twenty-four hour
ventilation
• Divides into Ventive S and Ventive S+
VENTIVE

39. DAIKIN
• Provides high efficient cooling, heating, hot water, air
purification and ventilation
• Uses combination of air handling units
• This system utilizes heat recovery technology for saving up
to 40% of energy
• Suitable for places where everything such as humidity,
temperature, air quality and comfort must be in perfect
requirements like hospitals

40. Case Study
- PJ Trade Centre (PJTC)

41. Background of PJTC
 Entrance of
Damansara
Perdana
Location

42. Developer
 Tujuan Gemilang Sdn Bhd
Contractor
 Syarikat Pembinaan LAL Sdn Bhd
 Completed in December 2009
 Financially Success for its investors
 Sold out about 95% in 18 months
 NOW fully occupied by 25 companies

43. 4
TOWER
S
MENARA MUSTAPHA KAMAL
MENARA GAMUDA
MENARA HASIL
MENARA BATA

44. WON TOP AWARDS
 Interior Design
 Landscape Architecture
 Commercial Architecture

45. The Architect
-
 Malaysia paradigm
 Rooted with the local culture and climate
 Designed as a “BOUTIQUE” office building

46. of the building….........
TYPICAL aluminum & glass box office
Over-burnt bricks & vent blocks on the facades
 Minimize heat gained & allow natural ventilation
Single loaded & thin building mass
 Allow the entrance of natural light and cross-ventilation

47. of the building (Con’t)
BIG LANDSCAPE PLAZA + SKY TERRACES
 2.5 out of 5.4 acres of total land
 More than 1400 trees
 12 units
 With trees, wall creepers &
hanging vines
Provide needed shade
Act as a filter to cool heated air

48. of the building….........
 VERY SIMPLE
 LESS obstructing objects
 Uncomplicated flow of spaces

49. of the building…..........
1-4 UNITS per floor + own washroom & pantry
Not being too compact
Use the one in their own unit
Occupancy density Ventilation Rate

50. of the unit…....................
 BIG balcony + nice landscape garden
Balcony is an alternative architectural
element as a wind scoop for scooping the
air into a building to allow the better
ventilation

51. in the unit…....................
LOWER temperature in the room
 Bigger space > lower temperature
Provide better air ventilation
 Resistance to flow through the structure reduced