Types of Air Conditioning for HVAC application within Australia.

1. Types of air conditioning.
units for HVAC
applications.
HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning)
A quick tour of the types of Air conditioner systems
available in Australia for domestic and commercial
applications
Mel Fee

2. Domestic Home Units.

3.  Air conditioners
 Some portable models are little more than personal
coolers. Others can cool a small room (up to about 20
square meters). Portable units can be plugged into a
normal power point. Expect to pay around $800 to $3000.

4.  A wall/window model is usually installed in a window or
external wall, and can cool rooms and open-plan areas of
up to 50 square meters. While smaller units can be
plugged into a normal power point, larger ones may
require additional wiring. Prices range from about $500 to
$3500.

5.  A split-system air conditioner consists of a compressor
unit that's installed outside, and one or more indoor air
outlets. They're usually used to heat & cool one or more
rooms, or an open-plan area, of up to 60 square meters.
They cost around $1200 to $5000.

6.  The Inverter Spit Systems are the latest in
engineering and are noticeably quieter and more
reliable in the long term. Moreover, the inverter
technology delivers up to 36% energy savings over
conventional products.
 Another comfort benefit of this technology is that
they have eliminated the annoying initial surge of
cold air on the heating cycle which is common to
conventional high wall mounted splits.

7.  Inverter technology: With conventional air conditioners, the
compressor is either on (working to 100% capacity) or off.
Inverters can vary the compressor speed and maintain the set
temperature within a narrow range. Manufacturers claim
inverter models are more efficient and reduce running costs.
 Cooling-only or reverse cycle: Reverse-cycle models only
cost a bit more than cooling-only models, but you can also use
them for heating in winter. While the purchase and installation
costs can be high, reverse-cycle air conditioners are among
the cheapest forms of heating to run. They cause less carbon
dioxide to be produced in power plants burning fossil fuel than
other kinds of electric heater
 Which system should you recommend? The choice
between conventional and inverter is a choice between
initial cost savings or long term running cost savings.
However, as a rule of thumb professionals would
recommend to install the inverter type where possible

8.  Floor mounted console split systems: Often it may be
more feasible to locate the indoor unit at floor level. In
these situations a floor mounted console type is ideal.
Similar in many ways as a high wall mounted split system.
Many people believe they are more aesthetically appealing.

9.  A Ducted System is usually installed in the roof or outside on
the ground, and ducted to air outlets throughout the house. Costs
start from $5000.
 Inverter technology: With conventional air conditioners, the
compressor is either on (working to 100% capacity) or off.
Inverters can vary the compressor speed and maintain the set
temperature within a narrow range. Manufacturers claim inverter
models are more efficient and reduce running costs.
 Cooling-only or reverse cycle: Reverse-cycle models only cost
a bit more than cooling-only models, but you can also use them
for heating in winter. While the purchase and installation costs
can be high, reverse-cycle air conditioners are among the
cheapest forms of heating to run. They cause less carbon dioxide
to be produced in power plants burning fossil fuel than other
kinds of electric heater

10.  Ceiling Cassette split systems: In a large open areas
having the indoor unit located in the centre of the room is
preferable from both a comfort and aesthetics perspective.

11.  Ducted Systems, refrigerated:
These are also a “split system” and
manufacture air the same way, but instead
of the consol mounted on a wall, it is
mounted in the ceiling space. This allows
ducting to be connected so cool or heated
air can be distributed throughout the home.
A unit sized home would cost approximately
$5500 installed. A typical 4 bedroom 2
bathroom home from $8000-$10,000 with
30 to 60cents per hour operating costs.

12.  Refrigerated Air Conditioning has become
increasingly popular in recent years
because it can provide comfort in summer
& winter at a selected temperature range
of 18 to 25 degrees.
 How do they work? There are two
separate mechanical parts. An outdoor
compressor and an indoor consol/fan coil.
These are connected by electrical controls
and refrigerated copper piping.

13.  An outdoor compressor unit compresses liquid into a gas
state to allow the refrigeration effect to take place, exactly
the same way as does your home refrigerator. The
compressed gas is transferred through the connecting
copper pipe the consol installed inside your home or ceiling
space.
 An indoor unit/consol basically consists of a fan and a coil (
similar to a car radiator appearance). The fan is connected
and then controlled by a room installed thermostat that
draws the air from inside the home, passes it through a
filter and then recirculates throughout your home
approximately 10 times each hour.

14.  Installation, what’s involved? Ducted systems in
particular, require a lot of ducting, fittings (none of which
are supplied by the machine maker) and labour, and
represent about the same cost as the machine. This
provides sellers the opportunity to vary the size, quality
and labour standard to reduce the selling price. An area
many prospective buyers overlook.
 What is Zoning? Refrigerated Air Conditioning is often
zoned to keep the purchase and running costs to minimum.
Typically, the house is zoned according to the families’
lifestyle. How it works is by a series of dampers [gates]
that direct the flow of air in the ducting system to one area
or another similarly to that of your home reticulation. A
control panel inside your home is provided for convenient
“zone” use.

15.  Ducted Evaporative Cooling Systems:
 Popular and ideally suited to WA,s
climate. Cool, clean fresh air is distributed
throughout the home via a system of
ducts located in the ceiling space.
Removes odours from inside the home
Pets and indoor plants thrive with these
types of cooling systems. Low purchase
price from $3000 to $5000 and a low
operating price of around 50c a day.

16.  How do they work? It is a natural process, like
a sea breeze on call 24hours a day. With an
evaporative cooler, outside air is drawn through a
water saturated filters , in doing so the hot air
sacrifices its heat Thus cooled air is then ducted
into the house. Unlike reverse cycle air
conditioners which recycles the air continually,
evaporative coolers pass the air through the
home only once. Air is exhausted from the home
via an external, equivalent full door, opening.
And with our uniquely designed “Air Security
Relief grille” you may operate the system up to
half speed with the home entirely locked up.

17.  Are they healthy? There is a perception held by
a few that these type of coolers cause health
concerns. The media does confuse evaporative
cooling with cooling towers. There is no
resemblance between the two. Legionella
(Legionnaires' disease) is not something you
can contract from domestic air conditioning. The
majority of cases are caused by incorrect tower
maintenance. Cooling towers are used in
commercial air conditioning to cool water
condensers and in industries to cool recirculated
water.

18. Commercial Units.

19. Ventilation (architecture) on the
downdraught system, by impulsion, or
the 'plenum' principle, applied to
schoolrooms (1899)

20.  Ducted Evaporative Cooling Systems:
 An open factory
 Open screened offices
 Single offices
 School classrooms
 Gymnasium
 Meeting halls
 All large open spaces where doors and
windows are left open.

21.  VRF SYSTEMS - (VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW)
Growing end user demand for air conditioning systems that
are reliable, flexible, easy to install and yet superior in
terms of comfort and control, makes VRF systems the ideal
candidate for many applications such as offices, hotels,
theatres, shops and hospitals. VRV is quicker and easier to
install and requires less plumbing and wiring than water-
based chiller systems. Because installation can be carried
out one floor at a time, new buildings can be occupied
quicker and there is minimum disruption when VRV is
retro-fitted in existing buildings.

22.  Medium and Large Ducted
 The range of large capacity ducted systems is perfect
for larger homes or smaller commercial applications.
These systems are capable of maintaining ducted
comfort conditions throughout large open plan areas
as well as the bedrooms, study and living rooms.

23.  Energy Recovery Systems
The LOSSNAY system has perfected the recovery of waste
energy. The units reduce overall energy costs by
extracting stale air and then recovering the heating or
cooling energy to either warm or cool incoming fresh air.
 Poor air quality can be attributed to many problems arising in the
workplace or in the home. It is believed to contribute to a
significant loss in productivity, low morale and higher rates of
sickness amongst many employees. The object of providing good
ventilation alongside air conditioning in residential and
commercial buildings is to provide conditions under which people
can live and work in comfort and safety.

The units reduce overall energy costs by extracting stale air and
then recovering the heating or cooling energy to either warm or
cool incoming fresh air. By utilising this energy, saving up to
30% on initial capital costs of heating and cooling plant.

24.  Air Curtains
 Air curtains from Mitsubishi Electric Australia are the perfect way to provide
your premises with a comfortable, clean and hygienic environment while
saving energy.
 Not only are Mitsubishi Electric air curtains ideal in conventional applications in offices
and stores but they are also highly effective in circulatory and zoning applications in a
wide range of open spaces, such as gymnasiums, bowling alleys, halls and lobbies.
 Mitsubishi Electric is one of the top air curtain suppliers in Australia and has been
manufacturing quality air curtains for years. Contact us or one of our stockiest for more
information.
 Air curtains for fly control
Mitsubishi Electric air curtains provide a solution for fly and other insect control.
 Air curtains for restaurants
Air curtains may be used in restaurant applications when there is a need to create an
invisible barrier to control temperature. Such as preventing loss of cool air during
cooling and warm air during heating. Air curtains for restaurants have other benefits
such as blocking out exhaust fumes, smoke, odours and insects.
 Air curtains for doors
Mitsubishi Electric air curtains for doors are available in three different widths: 900 mm,
1194 mm, and 1180 mm. The models vary in air volume and velocity and suit different
applications.

25.  Cooling Towers
 MSS Model The Aqua-cool MSS-Series cooling tower
designed for easy maintenance and long lasting
performance.
The MSS range of cooling towers was he first cooling
tower range designed in Australia. the MSS is a range
of induced draft counter flow FRP cooling towers
ranging from 100 kW through 9.5mW in a single cell.
Full height casing access panels allow easy and
efficient maintenance of the units. The smooth
"mirror finish" interior gel coated surfaces comply
with Australian Standards and help to minimize
maintenance costs.

26. Evaporative Condensers
 MEC Model The MEC range of evaporative fluid
coolers. The MEC is an induced draft counter flow
design. The Thermal-Pak coil permits a large coil
surface area with a minimum. All these features
make this range of product ideal for arduous
industrial installations as well as HVAC
applications.

27.  Typical AHU components:
1 - Supply duct
2 - Fan compartment
3 - Flexible connection
4 - Heating and/or cooling coil
5 - Filter compartment
6 - Return and fresh air duct

28.  HVAC systems use ventilation air ducts
installed throughout a building that supply
conditioned air to a room through
rectangular or round outlet vents, called
diffusers; and ducts that remove air
through return-air grilles

29. The End