This document summarizes the key aspects of perfumes, including their composition, manufacturing process, classification, and ingredients. Perfumes are mixtures of essential oils, fixatives, and solvents that are blended according to a formula. They are classified based on concentration and longevity. The major steps in manufacturing include collection of aromatic sources, extraction of oils, blending, and aging. Perfumes contain top, middle, and base notes that create the harmonious scent. They also list common allergens that must be disclosed on cosmetic labels in the EU.
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I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmos with ...MoidulIslam17
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Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmos with ...MoidulIslam17
review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmos with respect to preservatives, emollients, foaming agents, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
INDIAN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR LABELING OF COSMETICSPV. Viji
INDIAN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR LABELING OF COSMETICS , IMPORTANCE OF LABELING , LABELING REQUIREMENTS , Common or generic name of the product. , Product function , Use instruction , Name & address of Manufacturer , Country of manufacture , Manufacture Date , Expiry date , Net Quantity , Retail Sale Price , Storage condition , Barcodes , Batch number , Warning or Caution if hazard exists , Manufacturing License Number , Ingredients , Registration Certificate Number (RCN) , Consumer Care Details , Using Stickers , Brown/Red or green dot , Not a standard pack size under Legal Metrology(Packaged commodities) Rules
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COSMOS stands for Cosmetics Organic and Natural Standard.
Sets certification requirements for organic and natural cosmetics products in Europe.
The standard is recognized globally by the cosmetics industry.
Introduction-notes-classification-manufacturing process-outline-composition-sources of fragrances-EU Regulations for perfumes-natural and synthetic allergens to human
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INDIAN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR LABELING OF COSMETICSPV. Viji
INDIAN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR LABELING OF COSMETICS , IMPORTANCE OF LABELING , LABELING REQUIREMENTS , Common or generic name of the product. , Product function , Use instruction , Name & address of Manufacturer , Country of manufacture , Manufacture Date , Expiry date , Net Quantity , Retail Sale Price , Storage condition , Barcodes , Batch number , Warning or Caution if hazard exists , Manufacturing License Number , Ingredients , Registration Certificate Number (RCN) , Consumer Care Details , Using Stickers , Brown/Red or green dot , Not a standard pack size under Legal Metrology(Packaged commodities) Rules
REVIEW OF GUIDELINES FOR HERBAL COSMETICS BY PRIVATE BODIES LIKE COSMOS WITH ...Divya Pushp
COSMOS stands for Cosmetics Organic and Natural Standard.
Sets certification requirements for organic and natural cosmetics products in Europe.
The standard is recognized globally by the cosmetics industry.
Introduction-notes-classification-manufacturing process-outline-composition-sources of fragrances-EU Regulations for perfumes-natural and synthetic allergens to human
Review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by COSMOSDev Jain
Review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by
private bodies like cosmos with respect to preservatives,
emollients, foaming agents, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers.
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
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Definition, History, Notes in perfume, Classification of perfume, Aromatic sources, Manufacturing, Ingredients causing allergic reactions, attar, types of attar, difference between attar and perfume, reasons behind using perfume, leading brands of perfume.
Fragrances – Mystic of Perfumes I Fragrances Insightselfcareveda
At Fragrances Insight, we delve into the captivating realm of perfumery, exploring the nuances of scent creation, the artistry behind perfume making, and the cultural significance of fragrances across the globe.
Join us on a journey through the olfactory landscape, where we uncover the secrets of renowned perfumers, discover the latest fragrance trends, and share insights into how different scents evoke unique sensations and evoke cherished memories.
Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery SystemSimranDhiman12
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Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
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This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
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STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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2. INTRODUCTION
The word perfume is derived from the Latin word “per fumum”, meaning through
smoke.
Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aromatic compounds, fixatives and
solvents used to give the human body, animal, food objects and living spaces a
pleasant scent.
Perfumes are supposed to release a continuous pleasant fragrance that will provide a
long lasting feeling of freshness.
Initially it was only used for religious purpose but now it has become an ornament
of sophistication for both men and women.
3. NOTES IN PERFUME
Perfume is described in a musical metaphor as having three sets of notes, making
the harmonious scent accord.
These notes are created carefully with knowledge of the evaporation process of the
perfume.
The three notes are:
a.Top notes
b.Middle notes
c.Base notes
Each of these levels, however, has its own primary purpose.
4. A) Top notes
They are generally the lightest of all notes and recognized
immediately after application. Top notes consist of small,
light molecules with high volatility that evaporate quickly.
Common fragrances of top notes include citrus (lemon,
orange zest), light fruits (grape, berries), and herbs (clary
sage, lavender).
B) Middle Notes
The middle notes or the heart notes. Makes an appearance
once the top notes evaporate. The middle note compounds
from “heart” or main body of a perfume and act to mask the
often unpleasant initial impression of base notes, which
become more pleasant with time. Common fragrances of
middle notes includes rose, lemon, nutmeg, jasmine etc.
5.
6.
C) Base notes:
Base notes or bottom or dry notes appear while
middle notes are fading. The base and middle
notes together are the main theme of a perfume.
Base notes bring depth and solidity to a perfume.
Common fragrances of base notes include
sandalwood, vanilla. Amber and musk,
7. CLASSIFICATION OF PERFUMES
Perfumes are classified into five major groups on the basis of concentration of
fragrance and duration of lasting:
8. Perfumes can further be classified into following classes:
Bright Floral: Fragrance from one or several flowers. E.g. Estee lauder’s Beautiful
Green: Fragrance from cut grass or leaf. E.g. Calvin Klein’s Eternity
Aquatic: A clean smell reminiscent of ocean. E.g. Davidoff Cool Water
Citrus: Has freshening effect. E.g. Faberge Brut
Fruity: Aromas of fruits other than citrus e.g. Ginestet Botrytis
Gourmand: Scent with edible or desert like qualities. E.g. Thierry Mugler’s Angel.
9. AROMATIC SOURCES
Fragrances used in perfume can be found from following sources:
a. Plant Source:
Barks, flowers, blossoms, fruits, resin, roots, seeds, woods etc.
b. Animal Source:
Musk, civet, honeycomb etc.
c. Synthetic Source:
Calone, synthetic terpenes etc.
10.
11. COMPOSITION OF PERFUMES
Perfumes are mainly composed of –
Essential oils: Derived from natural aromatic plant extracts and/or synthetic
aromatic chemicals. E.g. limonene, linalool, geraniol, citral etc.
Fixatives: Natural or synthetic substances used to reduce the evaporation rate. E.g.
benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol etc.
Solvents: The liquid in which the perfume oil is dissolved in is usually 98% ethanol
and 2% water. Alcohol allows fragrance to spread along with it and does not permit
microbial growth in the perfume.
12. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Perfumes can be manufactured by following steps:
I. Collection
II. Extraction
III. Blending
IV. Aging
13. MANUFACTURE OF PERFUME
1. Collection
Before manufacturing process begins the sources of suitable fragrances are
collected in the manufacturing centre.
II. Extraction:
Olls are extracted from plants and other substances by several methods like:
a.) Steam distillation: steam is passed through plant materials held in a still,
whereby the essential oil turns to gas. This gas is then passed through tubes, cooled,
liquefied and collected.
14. b. )Solvent extraction:
The flower parts are dissolved in benzene or petrolatum that retains the fragrance of
the flower. Alcohol is used to dissolve the fragrance and heated to obtain it after
evaporation of alcohol.
c.)Enfleurage:
Flowers are kept in glass sheet with grease that absorb the fragrance of flowers and
then extracted with alcohol.
d.) Expression: The citrus fruits or plants are manually or mechanically pressed
until all the oil is squeezed out.
15. III.Blending:
Once the perfume oils are collected, they are ready to be blended together
according to a formula determined by a master in the field, known as a “nose.”
After the scent has been created, it is mixed with alcohol. Most perfumes are made
of about 10-20% perfume oils dissolved in alcohol and traces of water.
IV. Aging: Fine perfume is often aged for several months or even years after
blending to ensure that the correct scent has been achieved.
19. PERFUMES INGREDIENTS LISTED AS
ALLERGENS IN EU REGULATION
The Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 lists the 26 most known allergic substances.
These substances must appear on the label of your cosmetic product when present
in the finished formula.
ALLERGEN
An allergen is commonly defined as “any substance, often a protein, that induces
an allergy.”
22. Cosmetics directive required that the presence of any of these 26 substances be
indicated in the list of ingredients when its concentration exceeds 0.001% in leave
on products and 0.01% in rinse off products.
Such labelling allows patients who are allergic to one or more of these 26 fragrance
chemicals to avoid products containing them.
23. PERFUMES INGREDIENTS LISTED AS
ALLERGENS IN EU REGULATION
List A: Fragrance chemicals, which according to existing knowledge, are most
frequently reported and well-recognised consumer allergens.
Amyl cinnamal
Amylcinnamyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl salicylate
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamal
Citral
Coumarin
