The document discusses the deltoid muscle. It is a triangular muscle located on the upper arm and shoulder. The deltoid has three portions - the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid. Each portion has a different origin point on either the clavicle, acromion process, or scapula, but all portions converge to a single insertion point on the humerus. Each portion is also responsible for a different movement, such as flexion, abduction, or extension of the arm.
It includes structure of stomach, stomach bed, function and internal structure.
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The stomach is an important organ and the most dilated portion of the digestive system. The esophagus precedes it, and the small intestine follows. It is a large, muscular, and hollow organ allowing for a capacity to hold food. It is comprised of 4 main regions, the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
It includes structure of stomach, stomach bed, function and internal structure.
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The stomach is an important organ and the most dilated portion of the digestive system. The esophagus precedes it, and the small intestine follows. It is a large, muscular, and hollow organ allowing for a capacity to hold food. It is comprised of 4 main regions, the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
cerebrum, sulci and gyri of cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, frontal lobe , parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, sulci and gyri presnet in each lobes, and the functional areas , of cerebrum, brodmann areas of cerebrum, borders and surfaces of cerebrum, insula,
Deltoid Muscle by Thirumurugan professorthiru murugan
Deltoid Muscle
• The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle.
• It gets its name because of its similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ).
• The muscle has a wide origin spanning the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
• It passes inferiorly surrounding the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus.
Diagram
Parts: The deltoid has three functionally and anatomically distinct parts.
1. Acromial part
2. Clavicular part
3. Scapular spinal part.
• The acromial part, sometimes also known as the middle or central, is the largest and the strongest. It is a multipennate (fibers arranged at multiple angle)
• The Clavicular (anterior) and scapular spinal (posterior) parts are both unipennate (muscle fibers are attached to one side)
Origins: The deltoid muscle has a very broad origin and a narrow base, thus creating its triangular shape. The three parts of the deltoid each have a different origin:
• The Clavicular (anterior) part originates from the superior surface and the anterior border of the clavicle.
• The acromial (middle) part arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula.
• The scapular spinal (posterior) part originates from the lateral 1/3 of the spine of scapula, on the crest.
Insertion: It inserts into the deltoid tuberosity located approximately halfway down the lateral aspect of the shaft of the humerus.
Innervation or Nerve supply: The deltoid muscle is innervated by one of the main branches of the brachial plexus, the axillary nerve (C5, C6).
Blood supply: As the deltoid muscle is rather large, it receives a rich vascular supply from various sources:
• Thoracoacromial artery (acromial and deltoid branches), branch of the axillary artery
• Subscapular artery, branch of the axillary artery
• Anterior circumflex humeral artery
• Posterior circumflex humeral artery
• Deep brachial artery (deltoid branch)
All arteries supplying the deltoid are branches of the axillary artery, except for the deep brachial artery, which is a branch of the brachial artery, which is the continuation of the axillary artery within the arm
Function or Action or Movements:
• The deltoid muscle (acromial part) is the principal abductor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint. The Clavicular and scapular spinal fibers of the muscle guide the arm through the abduction motion.
• Deltoid muscle participates in stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. When carrying heavy objects while the arm is fully adducted, the muscle will produce a line of force (static contraction) that prevents the inferior displacement of the glenohumeral joint. Allows adducting the arm in a controlled manner.
• The Clavicular (anterior) fibers of deltoid act along with pectoralis major to produce flexion of the arm during walking or running motions. These fibers are also active during internal (medial) rotation of the humerus.
Slideshow: Carpus andf Hand Bones
View The Fuinky Professor videos here
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
cerebrum, sulci and gyri of cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, frontal lobe , parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, sulci and gyri presnet in each lobes, and the functional areas , of cerebrum, brodmann areas of cerebrum, borders and surfaces of cerebrum, insula,
Deltoid Muscle by Thirumurugan professorthiru murugan
Deltoid Muscle
• The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle.
• It gets its name because of its similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ).
• The muscle has a wide origin spanning the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
• It passes inferiorly surrounding the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus.
Diagram
Parts: The deltoid has three functionally and anatomically distinct parts.
1. Acromial part
2. Clavicular part
3. Scapular spinal part.
• The acromial part, sometimes also known as the middle or central, is the largest and the strongest. It is a multipennate (fibers arranged at multiple angle)
• The Clavicular (anterior) and scapular spinal (posterior) parts are both unipennate (muscle fibers are attached to one side)
Origins: The deltoid muscle has a very broad origin and a narrow base, thus creating its triangular shape. The three parts of the deltoid each have a different origin:
• The Clavicular (anterior) part originates from the superior surface and the anterior border of the clavicle.
• The acromial (middle) part arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula.
• The scapular spinal (posterior) part originates from the lateral 1/3 of the spine of scapula, on the crest.
Insertion: It inserts into the deltoid tuberosity located approximately halfway down the lateral aspect of the shaft of the humerus.
Innervation or Nerve supply: The deltoid muscle is innervated by one of the main branches of the brachial plexus, the axillary nerve (C5, C6).
Blood supply: As the deltoid muscle is rather large, it receives a rich vascular supply from various sources:
• Thoracoacromial artery (acromial and deltoid branches), branch of the axillary artery
• Subscapular artery, branch of the axillary artery
• Anterior circumflex humeral artery
• Posterior circumflex humeral artery
• Deep brachial artery (deltoid branch)
All arteries supplying the deltoid are branches of the axillary artery, except for the deep brachial artery, which is a branch of the brachial artery, which is the continuation of the axillary artery within the arm
Function or Action or Movements:
• The deltoid muscle (acromial part) is the principal abductor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint. The Clavicular and scapular spinal fibers of the muscle guide the arm through the abduction motion.
• Deltoid muscle participates in stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. When carrying heavy objects while the arm is fully adducted, the muscle will produce a line of force (static contraction) that prevents the inferior displacement of the glenohumeral joint. Allows adducting the arm in a controlled manner.
• The Clavicular (anterior) fibers of deltoid act along with pectoralis major to produce flexion of the arm during walking or running motions. These fibers are also active during internal (medial) rotation of the humerus.
Slideshow: Carpus andf Hand Bones
View The Fuinky Professor videos here
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. INTRODUCTION
• The deltoid muscle is a rounded, triangular
muscle located on the uppermost part of the arm
and the top of the shoulder. It is named after the
Greek letter delta, which is shaped like an
equilateral triangle. The deltoid is attached by
tendons to the skeleton at the clavicle
(collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and
humerus (upper arm bone).
3. • The deltoid is widest at the top of the
shoulder and narrows to its apex as it
travels down the arm. Contraction of the
deltoid muscle results in a wide range of
movement of the arm at the shoulder due
to its location and the wide separation of
its muscle fibers.
4. • A study of 30 shoulders revealed an
average mass of 191.9 grams (6.77 oz) in
humans, ranging from 84 grams (3.0 oz) to
366 grams (12.9 oz).in Humans.
5. Structure
• The deltoid muscle
is divided into three
portions: anterior,
middle, and
posterior.
6. anterior deltoid
• Anterior means front and therefore the anterior
deltoid is the part of the deltoid at the front of
your shoulder. This part of the deltoid attaches to
your collarbone.
7. ORIGINE
• Anterior part of
deltoid (arises from
most of the anterior
border and upper
surface of the lateral
third of the clavicle.
8. Insertion
• Fibres from all heads
converge to insert into
the deltoid tuberosity
on the humerus
9. MOVEMENT
• flexes the arm at the
shoulder, internally
rotates the arm at the
shoulder joint, and
assists in taking the
arm out to the side
(abduction).
10. medial deltoid
• The middle deltoid is the middle part of the
deltoid and attaches to your shoulder blade.
11. ORIGINE
• Lateral part of deltoid
(arises from the
superior surface of
the acromion
process.)
12. Insertion
• Fibres from all heads
converge to insert into
the deltoid tuberosity
on the humerus
16. Insertion
• Fibres from all heads
converge to insert into
the deltoid tuberosity
on the humerus
17. MOVEMENT
• does
extension/hyperexten
sion of the arm at the
shoulder joint,
externally rotates the
arm at the shoulder
joint, and assists in
abduction of the arm
at the shoulder joint.
18. SUMMERY
• It is a rounded, triangular muscle.
• located on the uppermost part of the arm
and the top of the shoulder.
• It has three heads
• ANTERIOR DELTOID
• MEDIAL DELTOID
• POSTERIOR DELTOID
• All have different origin but same insertion
and different movements