The document discusses picornaviruses, a family of small RNA viruses that includes enteroviruses. It provides details on the structure, classification, and diseases caused by different genera of picornaviruses, with a focus on enteroviruses and polioviruses. Key points covered include the icosahedral structure of picornaviruses; classification of enteroviruses into different genera; diseases caused by different enteroviruses including poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses; laboratory diagnosis of enteroviral infections; and prevention of poliomyelitis through vaccines.

1. Picornaviruses Enteroviruses

3. Virions of picornaviruses

7. Capsomer of picornavirus

8. Scheme of virus proteins formation

9. Scheme of RNA replication

10. Assembly of the picornaviral virion Formation and assembly of capsid proteins Procapsid Viral RNA Provirion Finishing of virion proteins formation Matured virion

11. Different properties of enteroviruses, hepatoviruses and rhinoviruses Rhinitis, respiratory infection No 33 0 C Upper respiratory tract Rhino-viruses Hepatitis A Diseases Yes Yes Stableness under acid conditions (pH3-5) 37 O C 37 O C Optimal temperature of replication Enteric tract Enteric tract Primarily infected tissue Hepato-virus Entero-viruses Property

12. Modern classification of enteroviruses Enterovirus 68,70 Human enterovirus D (HEV-D) Coxsackie А types 1, 11, 13, 15, 17-22, 24 Human enterovirus C (HEV-C) Coxsackie А-9, Coxsackie В types 1-6, ЕСНО types 1-7,9,11-21,24-27, 29-33; Enterovirus 69 Human enterovirus B (HEV-B) Coxsackie А types 2-8, 10, 12, 14, 16; Enterovirus 71 Human enterovirus A (HEV-A) Polioviruses 1, 2, 3 types Polienterovirus (PEV) Past name Species

13. Polioviruses

14. Polioviruses

15. Diseases caused by enteroviruses Fever, chest pain, and signs of congestive failure Myocarditis, pericarditis Vesicular rash on the hands and feet and ulceration in the mouth Hand-foot-and- mouth disease Aseptic meningitis, mild paresis and transient paralysis. Upper respiratory infections and minor febrile illness with or without rash. Both CAV and CBV Fever and severe pleuritic-type chest pain Pleurodynia Coxsackie-viruses B (CBV) Fever, sore throat and tender vesicles in the oropharynx Herpangina Coxsackie-viruses A (CAV) Paralysis Poliomyelitis Polioviruses Symptoms Disease Viruses

16. Poliomyelitis in an ancient civilization Poliomyelitis is an acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis.

18. Clinical findings of poliomyelitis

19. Clinical findings of poliomyelitis

21. Scheme of enterovirus pathogenesis

23. CPE caused by polioviruses Native Vero cells CPE – full destruction of cell monolayer after virus multiplication

24. Differentiation of enteroviruses - + ЕСНО + ( spastic ) + Coxsackie В + ( flaccid ) + Coxsackie А + + Polioviruses Paralysis in newborn mice CPE in cell culture Virus

25. Diagnosis of Coxsackievirus infection Native suckling mice Mouse with flaccid paralysis of back extremities Mice is affected by virus Flaccid paralysis in newborn mice caused by Coxsackievirus A 10

27. Important features of poliovirus vaccines Yes No Affords secondary protection by spread to others Yes No Induces local intestinal immunity (IgA) Yes Yes Induces humoral immunity (IgG) Yes No Interrupts transmission Yes Yes Prevents disease Live (Sabin) Killed (Salk) Attribute

28. Important features of poliovirus vaccines Longer Shorter Duration of immunity Yes No Requires refrigeration Oral Injection Route of administration Yes No Can cause disease in the immunocompromised Yes No Reverts to virulence Yes No Interferes with replication of virulent virus in gut Live (Sabin) Killed (Salk) Attribute

29. Spread of virulent polioviruses in 1988

30. Spread of virulent polioviruses in 1998

31. Methods of laboratory diagnosis of infectious disease

37. Microscopy diagnosis of relapsing fever Blood, stained with Romanowsky-Giemsa method