Blood is composed of plasma and cells. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, minerals, and waste. Cells include red blood cells (RBCs, 45% of volume), which carry oxygen, and white blood cells (WBCs, 1% of volume), which fight infection. Platelets (less than 1%) help clotting. Blood type is determined by antigens on RBCs. The main types are A, B, AB, and O. Type is inherited based on alleles from each parent. Incompatibility between donor and recipient antigens can cause transfusion reactions.

1. S2: Blood

2. What is blood?
An average adult human has
about 5 L of blood.

3. What is blood?
It is considered to be a
tissue even though
(unlike most of the body
tissues) it appears to be a
fluid.

4. What is blood?
Solid portion Fluid portion
Blood consists of two distinct elements
Consists of red
blood cells, white
blood cells, and
platelets.
Called plasma,
consists of H2O,
dissolved gases,
proteins, sugars,
vitamins,
minerals, and
waste products.45 % of the blood
volume
55 % of the blood
volume.
Whatisblood?

5. Whatisblood?

6. Whatisblood?
Complete the following template with:
Symptoms on
having
problems on
the production
of the cell
Definition
(function,
where is
formed, %)

7. Whatisblood? Platelets (thrombocytes) RBC (erythrocytes) WBC (leukocytes)
 Platelets play a key role in
clotting blood, which prevents
excessive blood loss after an
injury.
 When a blood vessel is broken
due to injury, it releases
chemicals that attract platelets.
 Platelets break down in the
blood within 7 to 10 days after
they have formed.
 Make up approximately 44% of the
total volume of blood.
 Are specialized for O2 transport. The O2
carrying capacity of the blood is
dependent on the number of
erythrocytes and the amount of
hemoglobin of each one. Hemoglobin
can pick it up, and releases it in the
presence of cells that need O2. Also
transports some of the CO2 waste.
 White blood cells fight
infections and cancer.
 Leukocytes make up
about 1% of your total
blood volume, but this
may increase to more
than double normal
levels when your body is
fighting an infection.
Platelet Disorders RBC Disorders WBC Disorders
 Cuts that do not heal or are slow
to heal
 Blood that does not clot after an
injury
 Skin that is easily bruised,
nosebleeds or bleeding from the
gums
 Fatigue and muscle weakness
 Shortness of breath
 Trouble concentrating from lack of
oxygenated blood in the brain
 Fast heartbeat
 Chronic infections
 Malaise or the general
feeling of being unwell

8. Blood types
Although all blood is made of the
same basic elements, not all blood is
alike. In fact, there are eight different
common blood types.

9. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes
Human blood type is determined by the presence of certain
identifiers on the surface of RBC, also called antigens
There are four main
ABO blood type
groupings: A, B, AB,
and O. These blood
groups are
determined by the
antigen on the blood
cell surface

10. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes
Antibodies (or immunoglobulins) recognize and bind to specific
antigens so that the foreign substance can be destroyed by other
immune cells.

11. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes

12. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes
Blood Type
Antigen
Present
Antigen
Missing
Antibody
Present
A+ A, Rh B Anti-B
A- A B, Rh B, Rh
B+
B-
O+
O-
AB+
AB-
Complete the following table:

13. Blood
transfusion
If a person is given a wrong
blood type, antibodies will
bind to the antigens on
blood cells and initiate a
cascade of events that will
cause the blood to clump
together, block blood
vessels and prevent proper
blood flow.

14. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes
Complete the following table:
Donor
Recipient

15. MajorABO
BloodGroup
Bloodtypes
Complete the following table:
Donor
Recipient

16. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups Type A, B, AB, or O are the physical expression of a
person’s genes which means they are phenotypes.
PHENOTYPE
Description of your actual physical
characteristics
GENOTYPE
Heritable genetic identity

17. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups In humans, ABO blood group is determined by a
single gene on Chromosome 9.

18. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups In humans, ABO blood group is determined by a
single gene on Chromosome 9.
The gene has three alleles:
A: glycoprotein with A antigen
(codominant)
B: glycoprotein with B antigen
(codominant)
O : normal glycoprotein
(recessive)

19. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups How to DetermineYour Baby's BloodType Using a Punnett Square
Parent
Allele
A B O
A
B
O

20. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups A man who is blood type AB marries a woman who is
heterozygous type B. If they have a children, what would her
probable genotypes and phenotypes be?
♀:
♂:
Probability:
Genotype
Phenotype

21. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups Your baby's blood type chances can be calculated from
parent blood types.
1. Write down parent blood types.
♀: A
♂: AB
2. Write down possible allele combinations for each parent blood type
AA or AO
AB
3. Make a Punnett square.
4. Calculate probability.
Phenotype:
A: 4 ∕ 8 ∙ 100 = 50%
B: 1 ∕ 8 ∙ 100 = 12.5%
B: 3 ∕ 8 ∙ 100 = 37.5%

22. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups If the mother of a child is blood type O and the father is B,
what would her probable genotypes and phenotypes be?

23. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups
Can an AB
mother have
a child with
type blood
O?

24. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups A mom is going to have a baby but
there is some concern of who is the
father.There is two possible
candidates and your job is to
determine which one is the father.
1.- Determinate the blood type of
each member involved in the conflict
2.-Find the father and suport your
tesis with a punnett square.

25. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups
Sample 1
Mother
Sample 2
Candidate 1
Sample 3 –
Candidate 2
Sample 4 –
Baby
Anti-A    
Anti-B    
Rh    
Blood type
Possible
genotypes

26. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups
Sample 1
Mother
Sample 2
Candidate 1
Sample 3 –
Candidate 2
Sample 4 –
Baby
Anti-A    
Anti-B    
Rh    
Blood type A+ B+ AB- O-
Possible
genotypes

27. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups
Sample 1
Mother
Sample 2
Candidate 1
Sample 3 –
Candidate 2
Sample 4 –
Baby
Anti-A    
Anti-B    
Rh    
Blood type A+ B+ AB- O-
Possible
genotypes
3 possible alleles:
A: dominant
B: dominant
O: recessive

28. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups
Sample 1
Mother
Sample 2
Candidate 1
Sample 3 –
Candidate 2
Sample 4 –
Baby
Anti-A    
Anti-B    
Rh    
Blood type A+ B+ AB- O-
Possible
genotypes
AA or AO BB or BO AB OO

29. MajorABO
BloodGroup
InheritanceofABO
Groups Candidate 1
B
Candidate 2
AB
Mother
A
Baby
O
AA AO BB BO AB
OO