2. Your mission:
Refer to the document that you were given
today and review your goals
Your mission is to determine whether 2 children
were switched at birth.
You will determine this using blood types, which
are inherited from parents.
4. What is blood?
• A type of body tissue
• It is made up of
several types of cells
and plasma
• Its jobs:
• to carry oxygen and
nutrients to cells
• To carry carbon
dioxide and wastes
away from cells
5. What is blood made of?
1. Use the next 2 slides to learn:
• What are the parts of blood
• How much of blood is made up of each part
2. Then use a microscope and a prepared blood
slide to
• view blood cells
• Sketch and label the blood cells
6.
7.
8. Take a look at a blood slide using a
microscope
1. put the slide on the stage
2. use the coarse adjustment to
bring the stage close to the
smallest (lowest power)
objective
3. Look through the ocular and
SLOWLY move the coarse
adjustment until the tiny little
blood cells become focused
4. Move to the next higher
objective and focus using the
coarse adjustment and fine
adjustment
5. Draw what you see in your
notebook so that you can refer
to it later.
9. You have heard of blood types and
may know that different people have
different blood types.
THINK…
What makes the blood in different
people…different?
What are some blood types that you have heard
of?
10. ABO blood types depend on
surface antigens on red blood cells
11. Antigens
• sugars on the surface of the
red blood cells are called
antigens.
• Antigen is short for
“antibody generator”
• The antigens have a role in
the immune system:
• Antigens show the immune
system which cells belong to
that person, and which cells
do not!
12. Antibodies
• Definition: Proteins which are
located in the plasma of the blood
• Antibodies will “lock on” to antigens
and cause clumping if the shape of
the antibody and the antigen match
• Ask your teacher for a demonstration of red
blood cell clumping
13. Compare the slide that you drew in
your notes with the slide which shows
agglutination (clumping) below
Sketch this
diagram in your
notes next to your
other sketch and
explain why this
clumping could be
bad for a person
14. Blood type Genotypes
Use the chart below and the diagram to determine which antigens (on the red blood
cells) and antibodies (in the blood plasma) are present in each of the blood types:
Blood Type (phenotype)
Antibodies in blood
plasma
Antigens on Red Blood Cell
Surface
15. Check your answers!
Blood Type (phenotype)
Antibodies in blood
plasma
Antigens on Red Blood Cell
Surface
Type A
Anti B
Surface antigen A
Type B
Anti A antibodies
Surface antigen B
Type AB
No antibodies in the
plasma
Surface antigens A and B
Type O
Both anti A and Anti B
antibodies
No surface antigens
16. – 3 alleles code for blood type
ABO Blood Type
is determined
by genes
• IA, IB, io
• IA & IB alleles are codominant
• both IA & IB alleles are dominant
over io allele
– the genes code for the
antigens on the surface of red
blood cells
Three types of inheritance
determines blood type:
1. Multiple alleles,
2. dominance and
recessiveness
3. codominance
17. Using the information that you just
learned, see if you can figure out what
genotypes are possible for each blood
type (phenotype)
Blood type (Phenotype)
Type A
Type B
Type O
Type AB
Possible Genotypes
18. Check your answers, how did you do?
Blood type
(Phenotype)
Type A
Type B
Type O
Type AB
Possible Genotypes
IAIA, IAio
IBIB, IBio
ioio
IAIB
19. Time to see how blood types can be
passed from parent to children:
• Use the problems that follow to see if you
understand blood type is inherited:
• If a father, who is homozygous for blood type
B marries a woman with blood type O, what
are the chances that they will have children
with each of these blood types?
• Type A
Type B
• Type AB
Type O
20. Type A – 0% chance
Type B – 100% chance
Type AB – 0% chance
Type O – 0% chance
io
io
IB
IB
Bio IBio
I
Bio IBio
I
21. Try another
• If a mom is type AB and her husband is type O,
what are the chances that her children will be
Type A? Type B? Type AB? Type O?
22. Type A – 50% chance
Type B - 50% chance
Type AB – 0% chance
Type O – 0% chance
IA
IB
io
Aio IBio
I
o
i
Aio IBio
I
23. Ok, try this one!
• Can 2 parents that have type B blood have a
child who is type O?
• Explain (use a punnett square in your
explanation)
24. Part 2
• Determine the blood types of each of the
family members and determine whether the
children of these 2 families were switched at
birth.
• Refer back to your instruction sheet for
further guidance.
