Blister packaging involves enclosing pharmaceutical products like tablets and capsules in pre-formed plastic pockets. There are two main types of blister packs - thermoformed packs using heated plastic to form pockets and cold formed packs using aluminum foil. The key components are the forming film that creates the pockets, the lidding material that seals the top, a heat seal coating to bond them, and printing. Blister packs protect products and allow individual dosing. Machines for producing blister packs work by unwinding film, forming pockets, adding products, applying the lidding film, and sealing and cutting the finished packs.
This presentation contains
Introduction, Advantages & Disadvantages, Process of manufacturing, Evaluation and defects in Blister, strip & ALU ALU Packaging. Useful for pharmacy students to understand the concept of blister & strip packaging
The content includes, types of closure and closure liners used in pharmaceutical industry. A brief description regarding various types of closure and liners are given.
This presentation contains
Introduction, Advantages & Disadvantages, Process of manufacturing, Evaluation and defects in Blister, strip & ALU ALU Packaging. Useful for pharmacy students to understand the concept of blister & strip packaging
The content includes, types of closure and closure liners used in pharmaceutical industry. A brief description regarding various types of closure and liners are given.
Packaging is an integral part of pharmaceutical product.The most common polyethylene types used in packaging are high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). They are different in density, chain branching, crystallinity and consequently, in mechanical, optical and barrier properties.
Review of pharmaceutical product, packaging and ichDeepak Shukla
Review of stability of packaged material like containers and closures.
The whole ppt is regarding the test perform to know the stability of a container which is used for product storage.
It also contain the guidelines of ICH.
Everything you ever wanted to know about "Packaging" but were afraid who to ask ?
This presentation is a collection of information from various sources and respects the copyright / intellectual property of the original writers and sources.
The presentation covers everything in packaging and can work as a bible for new and old players of the packaging industry.
This is just a fundamental information and does NOT claim to be "Complete" or "Flawless" in itself.
If you liked reading this or benefited from the compilation, I would really appreciate a comment or line of appreciation.
Thanks....
Rohit Chawla.
info@packtest.com
www.PackTest.com
Packaging is an integral part of pharmaceutical product.The most common polyethylene types used in packaging are high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). They are different in density, chain branching, crystallinity and consequently, in mechanical, optical and barrier properties.
Review of pharmaceutical product, packaging and ichDeepak Shukla
Review of stability of packaged material like containers and closures.
The whole ppt is regarding the test perform to know the stability of a container which is used for product storage.
It also contain the guidelines of ICH.
Everything you ever wanted to know about "Packaging" but were afraid who to ask ?
This presentation is a collection of information from various sources and respects the copyright / intellectual property of the original writers and sources.
The presentation covers everything in packaging and can work as a bible for new and old players of the packaging industry.
This is just a fundamental information and does NOT claim to be "Complete" or "Flawless" in itself.
If you liked reading this or benefited from the compilation, I would really appreciate a comment or line of appreciation.
Thanks....
Rohit Chawla.
info@packtest.com
www.PackTest.com
This presentation includes about retort processing with all types and processes of pouch filling and the defects associated with the pouch. this also contains the information about the retort that is ready to eat food packaging using retort processing.
Nuts are the organic food, which are very oxygen sensitive food, so without any effect due to oxidation effect, we need oxygen absorbers for nuts packaging to maintain oxygen free environment.
This technique works by generating ions or electrically
charged atoms using electrodes placed close to one
another on a computer chip. Generated ions are passed
from electrode to electrode, with collisions between ions
and neutral air atoms propelling the air forward in what is
called the corona wind effect – the process that cools.
packaging is the art and science of preparing articles for transport ,storage, display and use This is the process by which
pharmaceuticals are suitably placed so that they should retain their therapeutic effectiveness from time of their packaging till they are consumed A pharmaceutical pack contains , protect and deliver a safe ,efficacious drug product
Enteral Pharmaceutical Packaging- By Kaleem PetkarKaleem Petkar
Here you will learn about all the enteral packaging types.
This slide also includes certain packaging types with illustrative examples.
You can download my slide absolutely free.
Thanks & regards
Petkar kaleem.
This is an exclusive ppt on packaging of meat products and covers all aspects of packaging from my course on "Technology of Meat, Fish and Poultry Products" (Bachelor's study)
Vacuum packaging is the simplest and common means of modifying the internal gaseous atmosphere in a pack. Vacuum packaging is a form of modified atmosphere packaging in which food is placed in a gas-impermeable package, most of the oxygen around the food is removed, and the package is hermetically sealed.
Vacuum packaging inhibits the growth of aerobic microorganism including food spoilage bacteria and molds that would normally deteriorate the quality of products. The removal of oxygen can also prevent degradation or oxidative processes that limit product shelf-life, for example, oxidative rancidity in fats and oils, or color deterioration in raw meats. An added advantage for frozen foods is that the sealing of the food within a skin-tight package prevents dehydration and evaporative water loss from the surface of the food, and can minimize the effects of “freezer burn” (excessive dehydration loss from the product surface) and post-thaw exudate (drip loss) that often limit the quality shelf-life of frozen foods. Reduced oxygen packaging (ROP), which provides an environment that contains little or no oxygen, offers particular advantages but also raises many microbiological concerns. environment that contains little or no oxygen favor the growth of anaerobic microorganism such as facultative pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Listeria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia, and Staphylococcus) and anaerobic bacteria such as nonproteolytic (psychrotropic) Clostridium botulinum type E that can grow at chill temperature (>3.3°C) [11]. Freezing is an excellent.
کیا فرماتے ہیں علمائے دین اس مسئلے میں کہ سرورکائنات فخر موجودات رسول خدا محمدمصطفی صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وآلہٖ وسلم کے ماں باپ آدم علٰی نبینا وعلیہ السلام تک مومن تھے یا نہیں؟بینوا توجروا۔(عہ۱) (بیان کرو اجر پاؤگے ۔ت)
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Introduction
Blister pack:
“Blister pack or bubble pack is a term for several types
of pre-formed plastic Packaging used for small
consumer goods, foods, and for pharmaceuticals”
Blistering:
“Blistering is the process of making Blisters or
enclosing the tablets & capsules into preformed
plastic packing”
3. Introduction
“The primary component of a blister pack is a cavity or
pocket made from a formable web, usually a
thermoformed plastic. This usually has a backing of
paper board or a lidding seal of aluminium foil or
plastic.”
The "formed" pocket contains the product and the
"lidding" seals or closes the product in the package.
Blister packaging is the new wave of pharmaceutical
packaging.
4. Introduction
“Blister packing machines are used by the
pharmaceutical industry for packing a number of
products like Tablets, Capsules, Drugs, Vials,
Ampoules, Syringes or Liquid products”
5. Uses of Blister Packaging in Pharmaceutical
Industry:
They provide barrier protection for shelf life
requirements.
2. They also provide a degree of tamper resistance.
3. The most important reason for introducing blister
packaging technology was to offer patients a clearly
marked individual dose, enabling them to check
whether they had taken the prescribed drugs on a
given day.
1.
6. Uses of Blister Packaging in Pharmaceutical
Industry:
4. Moreover, the drugs that were not taken remained
in the original package and were fully protected
against adverse external conditions.
5. The patient could handle the blister package more
easily and could store it more conveniently than
conventional packages.
6. Protection from Moisture, Gas, Light &
Temperature
7. Compliance – Regulatory & Patient
7. Advantages of blister packaging
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prevention of broken glass bottles
Reduced costs and higher packaging speeds
relative to other packaging materials.
Blister packaging helps retain product integrity
because drugs that are prepackaged in blisters
are shielded from adverse conditions.
Furthermore, opportunities for product
contamination are minimal.
and each dose is identified by product name, lot
number, and expiration date.
8. Advantages of blister packaging
4.
5.
Blister packaging protects pharmaceuticals in the home
better than bottles do.
Tamper evidence is another strength of blister packaging.
The dosage units are individually sealed in constructions
of plastic, foil, and/or paper. With blister
packaging, however, each tablet or capsule is individually
protected from tampering until use, so any form of
tampering with a blister package is immediately visible.
9. Basic configuration of blister packaging
Two basic types of pharmaceutical blister packages
exist;
In one variety the cavity is constructed of
clear, thermoformed plastic, and the lid is formed of clear
plastic or a combination of plastic, paper, and/or foil.
2. The other type of package contains foil as an essential
component of both webs, and its cavity is created by cold
stretching.
1.
10. Blister Packing Component
The four basic components of pharmaceutical blister
packages are;
1. The forming film (Forming films account for
approximately 80–85% of the blister package)
2. The lidding material (lidding materials make up
15–20% of the total weight of the package.)
3. Heat seal coating
4. And the printing ink
11. Blister Packing Component
Forming film:
“The forming film is the packaging component that
receives the product in deep drawn pockets.”
One key to package success is selecting the right plastic
film for the blisters in terms of its;
1. property type,
2. grade,
3. and thickness.
12. Blister Packing Component
Selection of forming film:
Consideration must be given to the;
1. Height and weight of the product,
2. Sharp or pointed edges of the final package,
3. And the impact resistance,
4. Aging, migration, and cost of the film.
13. Blister Packing Component
Selection of forming film:
The plastic also must be compatible with the
product.
Factors influencing package production and speed
of assembly must be taken into account, including
heat sealing properties and the ease of cutting and
trimming formed blisters.
14. Blister Packing Component
Types of forming films are;
1. Thermoforming film
Examples are;
Rigid PVC
PVDC (Polyvinylidene chloride)
CTFE (PVC/chlorotrifluoroethylene)
PS (Polystyrene )
2. Cold forming film
Example (ALUMINIUM foil)
15. Blister Packing Component
Lidding Material:
“The lidding material provides the base or main
structural component upon which the final blister
package is built”
It must be selected according to;
The size,
Shape,
And weight of the product
As well as the style of the package to be produced
16. Blister Packing Component
Important consideration in lidding Lidding
Material selection are:
The surface of the lidding material must be
compatible with the heat-seal coating process.
Clay coatings are added to the lidding material to
enhance printing.
Heat-sealing and printability are both important
considerations in blister packaging, and the lidding
material must offer the best workable compromise.
17. Blister Packing Component
Heat seal coating:
“Heat-seal coatings provide a bond between the plastic
blister and the printed lidding material.”
“For blister packages, heat-seal coatings are perhaps
the most critical component in the entire system.
The appearance and physical integrity of the package
depends upon the quality of the heat-seal coating.”
18. Blister Packing Component
Heat seal coating:
These solvent- or water based coatings can be
applied to rolls or sheets of printed paperboard using
roll coaters, gravure or flexographic methods, knives,
silk-screening, or sprays. Whatever the system, it is
essential that the proper coating weight be applied to
the lidding material for optimum heat-sealing
results.
19. Blister Packing Component
Heat seal coating:
A successful heat-seal coating for blister packages
must exhibit;
Good gloss,
Clarity,
Abrasion resistance,
And hot tack
And must seal to various blister films.
20. Blister Packing Component
Hot tack:
“Hot tack is particularly important because the
product usually is loaded into the blister and the
lidding material heat sealed in place (face down)
onto the blister. When the package is ejected from
the heat-seal jig, the still-warm bond line must
support its entire weight.”
21. Blister Packing Component
“The heat-seal coating must precisely match the
lidding material and the plastic material of the
forming films.”
Precisely match means that with pre-determined
sealing parameters, a permanent sealing effect
between the lidding material and the forming film
must be guaranteed under any climatic conditions.
22. Blister Packing Component
Printing Inks:
“Printing inks provide graphics and aesthetic appeal.”
They can be applied to the lidding material by letterpress,
gravure, offset, flexographic, or silk-screen printing
processes
Printing inks must resist heat sealing temperatures as high
as 300 C without showing any discoloration or tackiness.
They must sufficiently resist abrasion, bending, and fading
and must be safe for use with the intended product.
Finally, printing inks must comply with FDA
recommendations.
23. Barrier Packaging foils
Low barrier film – PVC
Medium barrier film – PVDC
High barrier film – ACLAR & ALU/ALU
25. Blister Packaging machine
The essential parts and functions of an intermittently
operating packaging machine include the following;
The unwinding station (The unwinding station
supplies the forming films and the lidding material at a
rate corresponding to the speed of the packaging
machine)
2. The heating station (The heating station raises the
temperature of the plastic forming films to a level suitable
for deep drawing. Forming films containing the polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) support material are heated to 120–140
C. Polypropylene (PP) forming films are heated to 140–
150 C.)
1.
26. Blister Packaging machine
Note:
Heating station is present only in thermoform &
thermo-cold form blistering machines.
3. The forming station(The forming station forms
the plastic blister cavities via compressed air or die
plates & in case of cold forming machine via
punching pins.
Punch pins material: TEFLON
27. Blister Packaging machine
4. The cooling station (The cooling station cools
PP films after the forming process. Laminates
containing PVC or aluminum do not need to be
cooled.)
5. The feeding machine (The loading area fills the
blister cavities with product. The feeding machine
can be linked, or the product to be packaged can
simply be swept into the blisters)
28. Blister Packaging machine
6. The sealing station (The sealing station heat
seals the lidding material to the forming film that
contains the product
7. The printing station ( print or engrave the batch
number & expiry date over the blister)
8. Trimming Station (cuts the blisters into
individual unit)
29. Blister Packaging machine
Thermoform Blistering machine:
Example : ALU-PVC machine
Operation:
The sequence involves;
1. Heating the plastic,
2. Thermoforming it into blister cavities,
3. Loading the blister with the product,
4. Placing lidding material over the blister,
5. And heat-sealing the package.
This can be a simple manual process, or it can be partially
or fully automated.
30.
31. Blister Packaging machine
Cold Forming Blistering machine:
Example: ALU-ALU Machine
Operation:
The sequence involves;
1. Installing the Aluminium Foil,
2. Cold forming it into blister cavities via punch pins,
3. Loading the blister with the product,
4. Placing lidding material over the blister,
5. And heat-sealing the package.
6. Cutting into individual blisters
33. Blister Packaging machine
Thermo-cold forming blistering machine:
Example: ALU-Tropical Machine
Operation:
The sequence involves;
1.
Heating the plastic,
2.
Thermoforming it into blister cavities,
3.
Loading the blister with the product,
4.
Placing lidding material over the blister,
5.
And heat-sealing the package.
6.
Installing the aluminium foil
7.
Cold forming it into blister Pouch & seal it on thermoformed blister
to give extra protection,
8.
Cutting into individual blisters