The pharmaceutical packaging is essential and sensitive to outside elements like moisture and light. It protects from physical, chemical and biological damage. To protect drug from these outside element’s right selection of the packaging material is also essential. Different packaging material used for packing a particular drug depending on its requirement to protect from any damage.
The presentation provides brief concept on the materials used for the primary packaging of pharmaceutical drugs.
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging and describes various packaging materials and closure systems used. It covers characteristics of glass and plastic containers, types of closures, tamper resistance, and quality control tests for plastic packaging. The selection of packaging begins by determining the product's needs and marketing requirements to adequately preserve integrity.
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, ...RajkumarKumawat11
Packaging involves preparing articles for transport, storage, display and use. Pharmaceutical packaging places drugs in containers to retain therapeutic effectiveness until consumption. Containers provide protection, identification, information and convenience to encourage proper use. Ideal containers protect contents from environmental and mechanical hazards, do not react with contents, and are convenient and economical. Common container materials include glass, plastic, metal and rubber. Proper closures prevent contamination and deterioration by sealing containers. Aerosol packaging uses propellants to emit fine sprays or mists for various applications like cosmetics, disinfectants and medications.
This document discusses various types of packaging materials and containers used for pharmaceuticals. It describes desirable features of pharmaceutical containers including being FDA approved, non-toxic, and protecting the product. The main types of packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and rubber. Glass provides protection but is fragile, while plastic is flexible but permeable. Metals are impermeable yet can react with chemicals. The document also outlines different levels of pharmaceutical packaging from primary to tertiary.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging guidelines in Nepal. It covers primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging types as well as common packaging materials like glass, plastic, rubber, paper, and metal. Specific packaging formats discussed include strip packaging using aluminum foil and blister packaging using plastic and aluminum foil. The document also addresses ideal characteristics, classifications, and guidelines for pharmaceutical containers and closures used in Nepal.
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
This document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical packaging including primary, secondary and tertiary packaging. It describes different types of materials used for packaging like glass, plastics, metals, rubber and closures. Glass containers discussed include types I, II, III and NP glass. Common plastics used are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polypropylene. Factors to consider for drug-plastic compatibility and different types of closures are also summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical packaging. It begins by defining packaging and its purposes. It then discusses factors to consider when selecting packaging materials, desirable characteristics of materials, and barrier properties needed. The document outlines the primary uses of packaging and different types of packaging including primary, secondary and tertiary. It provides details on common packaging materials like glass, metals, plastics, rubbers and fibrous materials. For each material, it discusses advantages and disadvantages as well as examples of applications in pharmaceutical packaging.
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging and describes various packaging materials and closure systems used. It covers characteristics of glass and plastic containers, types of closures, tamper resistance, and quality control tests for plastic packaging. The selection of packaging begins by determining the product's needs and marketing requirements to adequately preserve integrity.
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, ...RajkumarKumawat11
Packaging involves preparing articles for transport, storage, display and use. Pharmaceutical packaging places drugs in containers to retain therapeutic effectiveness until consumption. Containers provide protection, identification, information and convenience to encourage proper use. Ideal containers protect contents from environmental and mechanical hazards, do not react with contents, and are convenient and economical. Common container materials include glass, plastic, metal and rubber. Proper closures prevent contamination and deterioration by sealing containers. Aerosol packaging uses propellants to emit fine sprays or mists for various applications like cosmetics, disinfectants and medications.
This document discusses various types of packaging materials and containers used for pharmaceuticals. It describes desirable features of pharmaceutical containers including being FDA approved, non-toxic, and protecting the product. The main types of packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and rubber. Glass provides protection but is fragile, while plastic is flexible but permeable. Metals are impermeable yet can react with chemicals. The document also outlines different levels of pharmaceutical packaging from primary to tertiary.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging guidelines in Nepal. It covers primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging types as well as common packaging materials like glass, plastic, rubber, paper, and metal. Specific packaging formats discussed include strip packaging using aluminum foil and blister packaging using plastic and aluminum foil. The document also addresses ideal characteristics, classifications, and guidelines for pharmaceutical containers and closures used in Nepal.
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
This document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical packaging including primary, secondary and tertiary packaging. It describes different types of materials used for packaging like glass, plastics, metals, rubber and closures. Glass containers discussed include types I, II, III and NP glass. Common plastics used are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate and polypropylene. Factors to consider for drug-plastic compatibility and different types of closures are also summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of pharmaceutical packaging. It begins by defining packaging and its purposes. It then discusses factors to consider when selecting packaging materials, desirable characteristics of materials, and barrier properties needed. The document outlines the primary uses of packaging and different types of packaging including primary, secondary and tertiary. It provides details on common packaging materials like glass, metals, plastics, rubbers and fibrous materials. For each material, it discusses advantages and disadvantages as well as examples of applications in pharmaceutical packaging.
The document discusses pharmaceutical containers and their characteristics. It defines containers as objects that can hold or transport something, and notes that pharmaceutical containers directly contact pharmaceutical products. The key types of materials used for containers are glass, plastic, metal, and rubber. Glass is widely used for oral and topical preparations, and comes in types I-IV. Common glass containers include bottles, jars, vials, and ampoules. Qualities of good containers include being neutral to the product, protecting from environmental factors, and being non-toxic.
This document discusses stability testing of pharmaceutical packaging. Stability testing ensures that packaging maintains the quality of drugs over time under various environmental conditions like temperature, humidity and light. It involves testing packaging for leakage, strength, impact of distribution processes, and compatibility with drugs. The document outlines guidelines for conducting stability tests, including storage conditions, timepoints for sampling, and parameters to evaluate like appearance, assay and degradation. The goal is to determine shelf life and ensure patient safety.
Packaging material for various formulationsshindemk89
This document discusses various packaging materials used for solid, liquid, sterile, and transdermal drug delivery systems. It describes common packaging materials like glass bottles, plastic bottles, blister packs, strip packs, pouches, syringes, and aerosol containers. It provides details on the composition of different layers of various packaging like materials used for blister foils, semi-permeable membranes in transdermal patches, and layers in pouching composites. It also lists some common tests conducted on different drug packaging to check properties like leakage, permeability, and toxicity.
Basic principles of compounding and dispensing (Containers and closures for d...Imran Nur Manik
Weight, measure and units calculation for compounding and dispensing. Fundamental operation in compounding. Good pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing. Containers and closures for dispensed products. Responding to prescription, labeling of dispensed medications.
This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical packaging. It discusses the functions of packaging including protection, storage, identification and information provision. It describes common packaging materials like glass, plastic, metal and rubber and how they are used. Different dosage forms like solids, liquids, and parenterals are outlined along with their typical packaging. Recent trends in the industry toward devices like prefilled syringes and regulations from the FDA are also summarized.
The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the functions of packaging as presentation, identification, protection, convenience and containment. It outlines different types of packaging for solid, semi-solid and liquid products. It also discusses components of packaging including various materials used like glass, plastics, metals and rubbers. Different types of containers and closures are explained along with common packaging types like blister packs.
Pharmaceutical packaging serves several important functions:
1. It protects pharmaceutical products from external factors like moisture, light, and contamination.
2. Different types of packaging materials are used including glass, plastic, metal, paper, and closures to suit various drug forms.
3. Proper packaging helps ensure the stability, safety and efficacy of drugs by providing identification, information and tamper evidence on the product.
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging. It covers primary, secondary and tertiary packaging used in pharmaceuticals. Common packaging materials like glass, plastics, metals and rubbers are described. The functions and types of packaging are summarized. Tamper resistant packaging methods like film wrappers, blister packs and bottle seals are also outlined.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging technology. It defines pharmaceutical packaging and outlines ideal packaging requirements. The key functions of packaging are then described, including product identification, protection, facilitating use, promotion, marketing, convenience, barrier protection and security. Various packaging materials are also discussed, including glass, metals, rubbers, plastics, fibrous materials and films. Specific plastic materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride are explained in terms of their properties and uses in pharmaceutical packaging.
This document discusses packaging materials for pharmaceutical products. It begins by outlining factors to consider when selecting packaging, such as the product's characteristics, protective needs, and marketing requirements. It then describes the necessary characteristics of packaging materials, including protecting the product from environmental conditions while meeting regulations. The document categorizes packaging as primary, secondary, tertiary, or ancillary. It provides examples of materials used for different pharmaceutical dosage forms and packaging levels. Finally, it discusses quality control testing and tamper-resistant packaging options.
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It begins by defining packaging and its purposes of providing protection, identification, convenience, and compliance for products. Key factors in selecting packaging materials include the type of container, product characteristics, and characteristics of the materials themselves like barrier properties and FDA approval. Common container materials like glass, plastic, and metal are described along with their advantages. The document also discusses evaluating packaging materials through tests like leakage tests, collapsibility tests, and permeability tests to ensure suitability for drug products.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials, containers an...NRx Hemant Rathod
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials and their characteristics. It describes the role of packaging in protecting pharmaceuticals and presenting information. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. The ideal requirements for containers include being neutral and protecting the product from various environmental factors. Common container types include well-closed, single dose, and multi dose containers. The document also examines closures and their role in preventing contamination or loss of materials. Closures discussed include screw caps, lug caps and pilfer proof closures. The characteristics and uses of different packaging materials are summarized.
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with "Quality control of packaging materials."
Thank you for reading.
we hope it was helpful to you.
UIPS,PU team
Glass as a packaging material in pharmaceutical packagingShweta Shelke
This presentation gives a brief idea about the types of glasses used in pharmaceutical industry and its intended use. Different tests used for assuring its quality for intended use.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materialsTushar Naik
The document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key factors to consider when selecting packaging, including the drug properties, intended use conditions, and potential interactions. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, rubber, and metal. Glass types I-IV are outlined based on their chemical resistance. Compatibility tests for packaging include water attack testing of glass and evaluation of plastic containers for leakage, water permeability, and collapsability. Rubber closure testing involves sterility, residue levels, penetrability, and self-sealability. Proper packaging selection and evaluation helps ensure the drug product remains safe, stable and effective throughout its shelf life.
This presentation contains
Introduction, Advantages & Disadvantages, Process of manufacturing, Evaluation and defects in Blister, strip & ALU ALU Packaging. Useful for pharmacy students to understand the concept of blister & strip packaging
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials. It begins by defining pharmaceutical packaging and listing the key characteristics packaging materials must have, such as protecting the product from environmental conditions and not being reactive.
It then describes the different types of packaging - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary packaging is in direct contact with the product, secondary protects both the primary and product, and tertiary is removed before retail display.
The document goes on to classify packaging materials and containers. It discusses common materials like glass, plastic, and metals, providing details on types within each category. It also covers biological testing and considerations for drug-plastic interactions. In closing, it thanks the audience and cites references used.
The document discusses packaging of parenterals. It defines packaging and describes the importance of packaging in protecting pharmaceutical products and maintaining quality. The ideal package should protect the contents from environmental, mechanical and other hazards, and not interact with or alter the contents. Primary packaging directly contains the product while secondary and tertiary packaging provide additional layers of protection. Common packaging materials include glass, plastic, metal and rubber. The document outlines the types and qualities of primary and secondary packaging as well as various closures used.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials pdtt 2AMOGH DANDEKAR
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key characteristics packaging materials must have to protect pharmaceutical products, including being non-reactive and non-toxic. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. Factors like the dosage form, route of administration, and stability of the product and packaging material are considered when selecting materials. Containers and closures are also described along with common material types used and ideal requirements. Evaluation tests for containers and closures are mentioned to ensure suitability for pharmaceutical use.
The document discusses the requirements and layout for producing sterile parenterals. It describes the different sections needed - cleanup, compounding, aseptic, quarantine, and packing/labeling. Specific requirements for the aseptic area are outlined, including environmental controls like particle counting, slit to agar sampling, and Rodac plates to evaluate air quality. Floors, walls, and benches must be smooth, impervious, and easy to clean. Proper ventilation and filtration of air is essential to maintain sterility. Sources of contamination and prevention methods are also covered.
The document discusses packaging materials used for pharmaceuticals. It describes the qualities of good containers including being neutral, withstanding environmental factors, and being non-toxic. Common packaging materials are glass, plastics, paper, and metals. Glass provides stability and is neutral but is fragile. Plastics are lightweight and flexible but can absorb chemicals. Metals are impermeable but can react with some chemicals. The document also discusses closures, aerosol packaging components, and provides examples of containers and closures used in pharmaceutical packaging.
Packaging is the art of science & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution , storage, sale & use.
Packaging is the process by which the pharmaceuticals are suitably placed so that they should retain their therapeutic effectiveness from the time of their packaging till they are consumed.
The document discusses pharmaceutical containers and their characteristics. It defines containers as objects that can hold or transport something, and notes that pharmaceutical containers directly contact pharmaceutical products. The key types of materials used for containers are glass, plastic, metal, and rubber. Glass is widely used for oral and topical preparations, and comes in types I-IV. Common glass containers include bottles, jars, vials, and ampoules. Qualities of good containers include being neutral to the product, protecting from environmental factors, and being non-toxic.
This document discusses stability testing of pharmaceutical packaging. Stability testing ensures that packaging maintains the quality of drugs over time under various environmental conditions like temperature, humidity and light. It involves testing packaging for leakage, strength, impact of distribution processes, and compatibility with drugs. The document outlines guidelines for conducting stability tests, including storage conditions, timepoints for sampling, and parameters to evaluate like appearance, assay and degradation. The goal is to determine shelf life and ensure patient safety.
Packaging material for various formulationsshindemk89
This document discusses various packaging materials used for solid, liquid, sterile, and transdermal drug delivery systems. It describes common packaging materials like glass bottles, plastic bottles, blister packs, strip packs, pouches, syringes, and aerosol containers. It provides details on the composition of different layers of various packaging like materials used for blister foils, semi-permeable membranes in transdermal patches, and layers in pouching composites. It also lists some common tests conducted on different drug packaging to check properties like leakage, permeability, and toxicity.
Basic principles of compounding and dispensing (Containers and closures for d...Imran Nur Manik
Weight, measure and units calculation for compounding and dispensing. Fundamental operation in compounding. Good pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing. Containers and closures for dispensed products. Responding to prescription, labeling of dispensed medications.
This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical packaging. It discusses the functions of packaging including protection, storage, identification and information provision. It describes common packaging materials like glass, plastic, metal and rubber and how they are used. Different dosage forms like solids, liquids, and parenterals are outlined along with their typical packaging. Recent trends in the industry toward devices like prefilled syringes and regulations from the FDA are also summarized.
The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the functions of packaging as presentation, identification, protection, convenience and containment. It outlines different types of packaging for solid, semi-solid and liquid products. It also discusses components of packaging including various materials used like glass, plastics, metals and rubbers. Different types of containers and closures are explained along with common packaging types like blister packs.
Pharmaceutical packaging serves several important functions:
1. It protects pharmaceutical products from external factors like moisture, light, and contamination.
2. Different types of packaging materials are used including glass, plastic, metal, paper, and closures to suit various drug forms.
3. Proper packaging helps ensure the stability, safety and efficacy of drugs by providing identification, information and tamper evidence on the product.
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging. It covers primary, secondary and tertiary packaging used in pharmaceuticals. Common packaging materials like glass, plastics, metals and rubbers are described. The functions and types of packaging are summarized. Tamper resistant packaging methods like film wrappers, blister packs and bottle seals are also outlined.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging technology. It defines pharmaceutical packaging and outlines ideal packaging requirements. The key functions of packaging are then described, including product identification, protection, facilitating use, promotion, marketing, convenience, barrier protection and security. Various packaging materials are also discussed, including glass, metals, rubbers, plastics, fibrous materials and films. Specific plastic materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride are explained in terms of their properties and uses in pharmaceutical packaging.
This document discusses packaging materials for pharmaceutical products. It begins by outlining factors to consider when selecting packaging, such as the product's characteristics, protective needs, and marketing requirements. It then describes the necessary characteristics of packaging materials, including protecting the product from environmental conditions while meeting regulations. The document categorizes packaging as primary, secondary, tertiary, or ancillary. It provides examples of materials used for different pharmaceutical dosage forms and packaging levels. Finally, it discusses quality control testing and tamper-resistant packaging options.
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It begins by defining packaging and its purposes of providing protection, identification, convenience, and compliance for products. Key factors in selecting packaging materials include the type of container, product characteristics, and characteristics of the materials themselves like barrier properties and FDA approval. Common container materials like glass, plastic, and metal are described along with their advantages. The document also discusses evaluating packaging materials through tests like leakage tests, collapsibility tests, and permeability tests to ensure suitability for drug products.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials, containers an...NRx Hemant Rathod
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials and their characteristics. It describes the role of packaging in protecting pharmaceuticals and presenting information. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. The ideal requirements for containers include being neutral and protecting the product from various environmental factors. Common container types include well-closed, single dose, and multi dose containers. The document also examines closures and their role in preventing contamination or loss of materials. Closures discussed include screw caps, lug caps and pilfer proof closures. The characteristics and uses of different packaging materials are summarized.
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with "Quality control of packaging materials."
Thank you for reading.
we hope it was helpful to you.
UIPS,PU team
Glass as a packaging material in pharmaceutical packagingShweta Shelke
This presentation gives a brief idea about the types of glasses used in pharmaceutical industry and its intended use. Different tests used for assuring its quality for intended use.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materialsTushar Naik
The document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key factors to consider when selecting packaging, including the drug properties, intended use conditions, and potential interactions. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, rubber, and metal. Glass types I-IV are outlined based on their chemical resistance. Compatibility tests for packaging include water attack testing of glass and evaluation of plastic containers for leakage, water permeability, and collapsability. Rubber closure testing involves sterility, residue levels, penetrability, and self-sealability. Proper packaging selection and evaluation helps ensure the drug product remains safe, stable and effective throughout its shelf life.
This presentation contains
Introduction, Advantages & Disadvantages, Process of manufacturing, Evaluation and defects in Blister, strip & ALU ALU Packaging. Useful for pharmacy students to understand the concept of blister & strip packaging
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials. It begins by defining pharmaceutical packaging and listing the key characteristics packaging materials must have, such as protecting the product from environmental conditions and not being reactive.
It then describes the different types of packaging - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary packaging is in direct contact with the product, secondary protects both the primary and product, and tertiary is removed before retail display.
The document goes on to classify packaging materials and containers. It discusses common materials like glass, plastic, and metals, providing details on types within each category. It also covers biological testing and considerations for drug-plastic interactions. In closing, it thanks the audience and cites references used.
The document discusses packaging of parenterals. It defines packaging and describes the importance of packaging in protecting pharmaceutical products and maintaining quality. The ideal package should protect the contents from environmental, mechanical and other hazards, and not interact with or alter the contents. Primary packaging directly contains the product while secondary and tertiary packaging provide additional layers of protection. Common packaging materials include glass, plastic, metal and rubber. The document outlines the types and qualities of primary and secondary packaging as well as various closures used.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials pdtt 2AMOGH DANDEKAR
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key characteristics packaging materials must have to protect pharmaceutical products, including being non-reactive and non-toxic. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. Factors like the dosage form, route of administration, and stability of the product and packaging material are considered when selecting materials. Containers and closures are also described along with common material types used and ideal requirements. Evaluation tests for containers and closures are mentioned to ensure suitability for pharmaceutical use.
The document discusses the requirements and layout for producing sterile parenterals. It describes the different sections needed - cleanup, compounding, aseptic, quarantine, and packing/labeling. Specific requirements for the aseptic area are outlined, including environmental controls like particle counting, slit to agar sampling, and Rodac plates to evaluate air quality. Floors, walls, and benches must be smooth, impervious, and easy to clean. Proper ventilation and filtration of air is essential to maintain sterility. Sources of contamination and prevention methods are also covered.
The document discusses packaging materials used for pharmaceuticals. It describes the qualities of good containers including being neutral, withstanding environmental factors, and being non-toxic. Common packaging materials are glass, plastics, paper, and metals. Glass provides stability and is neutral but is fragile. Plastics are lightweight and flexible but can absorb chemicals. Metals are impermeable but can react with some chemicals. The document also discusses closures, aerosol packaging components, and provides examples of containers and closures used in pharmaceutical packaging.
Packaging is the art of science & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution , storage, sale & use.
Packaging is the process by which the pharmaceuticals are suitably placed so that they should retain their therapeutic effectiveness from the time of their packaging till they are consumed.
Pharmaceutical Packaging is very important chapter for Packaging of Pharmaceutical product .
In this we learn about how to pack the Pharmaceutical dosage form like tablet ,capsule , and material use for pharmaceutical dosage form
Pharmaceutical packaging serves several important functions including product identification, protection, facilitating use, and promotion. There are three main types of packaging: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Packaging materials must be chosen based on the required protection, compatibility with the drug product, and sterilization method. Common materials include glass, plastic, rubber, paper, and metals. Packaging is tested through various tests and must meet tamper resistance requirements.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging and different types of packaging materials. It focuses on glass containers, their advantages like being chemically inert and impermeable, and disadvantages like fragility. Four types of glass are described for drugs: type I borosilicate glass is highly resistant; type II is treated soda lime glass; type III is soda lime glass; type IV is general purpose soda lime glass. The document explains the manufacturing of glass and qualifications packaging materials must meet.
This document discusses different types of pharmaceutical packaging containers. It begins by outlining qualities of a good container, including being neutral to the product, maintaining stability, and withstanding normal handling. It then describes various types of containers like well-closed, single and multi-dose, light-resistant, and aerosol. Common materials for containers are discussed, including different types of glass and plastics. The document concludes by mentioning aerosol packaging and its components.
This document discusses various materials used for pharmaceutical packaging and equipment construction. It describes common container types like well-closed, single and multi-dose, light-resistant, and aerosol containers. Primary, secondary and tertiary packaging are defined. Common materials like glass, plastic, rubber, metals and paper are outlined. Specific plastics like polyethylene, PVC, and polystyrene are detailed. Closures like screw caps, crowns and friction fits are summarized. Standards for glass containers are provided.
Pharmaceutical packaging serves several important functions:
1) It identifies pharmaceutical products, protects their contents, and facilitates their safe use.
2) Common packaging materials include glass, plastics, rubber, paper, and metals.
3) Packaging must provide tamper evidence to indicate if a product has been opened or compromised. Common tamper-resistant features include film wrappers, blister packs, bottle seals, and breakable caps.
Pharmaceutical packaging serves several important functions:
1) It identifies and protects pharmaceutical products, facilitating their safe use by consumers.
2) Common packaging materials include glass, plastics, rubber, metals, and paper which are chosen based on their ability to protect contents and compatibility with dosage forms.
3) Packaging is tested to ensure it can withstand impacts and stresses of distribution while maintaining product integrity.
Pharmaceutical Packaging Material-Glassmonika maan
Pharmaceutical Packaging Material-Glass. It describes primary packaging, secondary packaging . Benefits of glass and its limitation in medicines or drugs while packaging. also discussed the problem related to glass material as pharmaceutical packaging.
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging and glass containers used for packaging. It provides details on the types of glass used in pharmaceutical packaging, including type 1 borosilicate glass, type 2 treated soda lime glass, type 3 regular soda lime glass, type 4 non-parenteral soda lime glass, and colored glass. It describes the main constituents, properties, and uses of each type of glass. The document also discusses tests that can be performed to determine the chemical resistance of glass containers.
Mr. Sawankumar R. Padavi presented on pharmaceutical packaging at Anand Pharmacy College. The presentation covered the introduction to packaging, ideal packaging requirements, functions of packaging, types of packaging including primary, secondary and tertiary, packaging testing, common packaging materials like glass, plastic, rubber, metal and paper, how to select appropriate packaging materials, and concluded with references. The functions of pharmaceutical packaging are to identify and protect products, facilitate use, promote products, and provide convenience. Common packaging materials include glass, plastic, rubber, metal and paper/cardboard.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging. It begins by defining pharmaceutical packaging and outlining its main functions, which include protective, storage, identification, and marketing functions. It then describes different types of packaging including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. The main materials used for pharmaceutical packaging are discussed, including glass, plastic, metal, paper, and cardboard. Common container types and closures are also outlined. The document provides details on specific packaging materials like glass composition and plastic types. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of packaging for product protection and stability as well as its role in marketing.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging. It begins by defining pharmaceutical packaging and describing its ideal requirements, such as protecting products from environmental conditions while not reacting with or imparting tastes/odors to the product. It then discusses the functions of packaging including product identification, protection, promotion, and convenience. Next, it covers selection of packaging materials and types of packaging materials including glass, plastics, metals and others. It concludes by describing some common plastic materials used in pharmaceutical packaging like polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging. It defines pharmaceutical packaging and describes the primary and secondary/tertiary packaging systems. The key requirements for pharmaceutical packaging are to protect the product, be non-reactive, prevent contamination, and be FDA approved. Important criteria for selecting packaging materials include stability, compatibility with contents, strength, moisture protection, and cost. Common packaging materials include glass, plastic, metal, paper, rubber, and closures. Guidelines for quality control of packaging materials require containers and closures to meet pharmacopeial standards and be properly washed and sterilized.
Types of closures used for packaging of dosage forms include rubber closures, caps and overseals like screw caps and crown caps, and special types like tamper-evident, dispensing, and child-resistant closures. Rubber closures are commonly used and must pass fragmentation and self-sealability tests. Caps and overseals secure rubber closures and include screw caps, crown caps, snap on caps, and friction fit caps. Special closures provide features like tamper evidence, controlled dispensing, and child resistance. Proper closures are important to contain contents, provide barriers, allow resealing, and meet regulatory standards.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
3. Waseem Ahmed
aqwaseem@hotmail.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/aqwaseem/
The PACKAGING refers to all those activities related to designing,
evaluating and producing the container for a product. Simply,
PACKAGING is to store and protect product from any physical
damage and at the same time attracting the customer through
its appeal is called as PACKAGIGN.
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Physical protection
Barrier protection
Containment or agglomeration
Information transmission
Marketing
Security
Convenience
Portion control
Keeping the contents clean, fresh, sterile and safe for the
intended shelf life is a primary function.
Physical protection
Among other things, mechanical shock, vibration, electrostatic discharge,
compression, temperature
Barrier protection Barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc.
Containment or
agglomeration
Small objects are typically grouped together in one package for reasons of
efficiency.
Information transmission
Communicate how to use, transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or
product
Marketing
Can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers to purchase the
product
Security Can play an important role in reducing the security risks against counterfeit
Convenience
Can have features that add convenience in distribution, handling, stacking,
display, sale, opening, reclosing, use, dispensing, and reuse
Portion control Precise amount of contents to control usage
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Packaging is an integral part of pharmaceutical product
Protection
Against light
Against reactive gases
Against moisture
Against microbes
Against physical damage
Against pilferage and adulteration
Presentation
Identification
Information
Compatible
Convenience
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Glass widely used as a drug packaging material for many
pharmaceuticals' products including medicinal products for oral
and local administration.
Glass containers are usually the first choice (e.g. bottles for
tablets, injection syringes for unit- or multi-dose administration).
Different types of glass may be necessary, depending on the
characteristics and the intended use of the medicinal products.
What is glass composition?
Glass is a hard material normally fragile and transparent common in
our daily life. It is composed mainly of sand (silicates, SiO2) and an
alkali.
Glass
GLASS Composition
Silica (SiO2) 59-75 %
Calcium oxide (CaO) 5-12 %
Sodium oxide (Na2O) 12-17 %
Alumina (Al2O3) 0.5-3.0 %
Other oxide :
1) Barium oxide (BaO)
2) Boric oxide (B2O2)
3) Potassium oxdie (K2O)
4) Magnesium oxide (MgO)
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Properties of Glass
Solid and hard material
Disordered and amorphous structure
Fragile and easily breakable into sharp pieces
Transparent to visible light
Inert and biologically inactive material
Glass is 100% recyclable
0ne of the safest packaging materials due to its composition and
properties
Glass does not deteriorate, corrode, stain or fade and therefore is
one of the safest packaging materials.
These properties can be modified and changed by adding other
compounds or heat treatment.
Glass
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Advantages of Glass
They are transparent and allows easy
inspection of the contents inside.
They have good protection power.
They can be easily labeled.
They are available in different shapes
and sizes.
Disadvantages of Glass
Glass is fragile so easily broken.
Release alkali to aqueous
preparation.
Glass is expensive when compared to
plastic packing material.
Glass
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Type I Glass
Borosilicate glass / Neutral glass
(contains 80% silica, 10% boric oxide,
small amount of sodium oxide and
aluminium oxide)
It is highly resistant glass.
It has high melting point.
It is more chemically inert than the soda lime glass.
Reduce leaching action.
Laboratory glass apparatus.
Can be used to contain strong acids and alkalis.
Suitable for parenteral or non-parenteral.
Type II Glass
Soda-lime-silica glass/ treated soda-lime
glass/ De alkalized soda lime glass
This is a modified type of Type III glass container with a high
hydrolytic resistance resulting from suitable treatment of the
inner surface of a type III glass with sulphur.
This is done to remove leachable oxides and thus prevents
blooming/weathering from bottles.
Type II glass has lower melting point when compared to Type
I glass and so easier to mould.
They are suitable for most acidic and neutral
aqueous preparations whether parenteral or non-
parenteral.
Type III Glass
Regular soda lime glass
This is an untreated soda lime glass with average chemical
resistance.
It contains 75% silica, 15% sodium oxide, 10% calcium oxide,
small amounts of aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, and
potassium oxide.
Aluminium oxide impacts chemical durability while
magnesium oxide reduces the temperature required during
moulding.
They are used as packaging material for parenteral
products or powders for parenteral use ONLY WHERE
there is suitable stability test data indicating that Type
III glass is satisfactory.
They used in packaging non-aqueous preparations and
powders for parenteral use with the exception of
freeze-dried preparations
It is also used in packaging non-parenteral
preparations.
Type IV Glass
Type NP glass/General-purpose soda
lime glass
This type of glass container has low hydrolytic resistance.
This type of glass containers are not used for products that
need to be autoclaved as it will increase erosion reaction rate
of the glass container.
It is used to store topical products and oral dosage
forms
Types of Glass Except for type I glass containers, glass containers for pharmaceutical
preparation are not to be re-used.
Containers for human blood and blood components must not be re-used.
Glass
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Glass containers are formed through the following methods
Blowing – this involves the use of compressed air to form the
molten glass in the cavity of a mold.
Drawing – this involves the pulling of molten glass through dies
that shape the soft glass into ampoules, vials etc.
Pressing – The glass is formed by the use of mechanical force which
presses or forces the molten glass against the ride of a mold.
Casting –the force of gravity or centrifugal force is used to initiate
the formation of molten glass in the cavity.
Process of Forming Glass Containers
Glass
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Pharmaceutical vials
Injection vials
Lyophilization vials
Tablet vials
Large OD vials
Diagnostic vials Special vials
Screw thread vials
Screw thread tubes
Chromatography vials
Special vials
Two-compartment vials
Sampler vials
Flint and amber glass ampoules.
Straight-stem, funnel-type and closed
ampoules. Various brake systems such as
OPC (One Point Cut), CBR (Color Break
Ring) and Score Ring.
Examples - Glass
For filling syrups, oral liquid
For filling vitamins and nutritional
supplements that come in a form of a
pill, a tablet or a capsule.
Glass Dropper Bottles are suitable for
packing tinctures, oils and oral liquid
preparations as well as other
pharmaceutical liquids.
The Dropper Bottles are a smoked
glass bottle with a black bulb and
cap, containing a clear pipette.
Glass
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A plastic is a material that contains an essential ingredient one or more polymeric organic substances of
large molecular weight.
Plastic containers for pharmaceutical products are primarily made from the following polymers:
polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and to a lesser extent, polymethyl
methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrifluoroethylene, the amino formaldehydes, and
polyamides.
Plastic containers consist of one or more polymers together with certain additives.
The amount and nature of the additives are determined by the nature of the polymer, the process used to
convert the plastic into the containers, and the service expected from the container.
For plastic containers in general, additives may consist of antioxidants, antistatic agents, colours, impact
modifiers, lubricants, plasticizers, and stabilizers.
Plastic
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Factors responsible for plastics properties
Chemical structure
Molecular weight
Crystallinity and orientation
Cross-linking
Addition of other agents
Properties of Glass
Low in cost
Light in weight
Durable
Pleasant to touch
Flexible facilitating product dispensing
Odourless and inert to most chemicals
Unbreakable
Leak proof
Able to retain their shape throughout their
use.
They have a unique 'suck-back' feature,
which prevents product doze.
Disadvantages of Glass
Poor physical stability (interaction,
adsorption, absorption lightness)
Permeable to some degree to moisture,
oxygen, carbon dioxide etc.
electrostatic attraction
Stress cracking
Panelling or cavitation
Crazing
Poor impact resistance
Plastic
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Orientation
The alignment of crystalline structure in
polymeric materials to produce a highly
aligned molecular structure.
Materials are stretched just below or above
their softening point.
Depending on the degree of orientation,
significant changes can occur in both the
physical & chemical properties.
1) Improving clarity
2) Reducing to moisture & gas permeation
3) Improving chemical resistant
ChemicalStructure
Linear polymer chain
Branched polymer chain
CrystallinityandorientationCrystallinity
Orderly compact structure of the molecular chain
Polymer chain may twist, and tangled formation
given an amorphous type polymer
Plastic
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Plastic
Importantproblems
Sorption
This process involves the removable of constituents from the drug product by the
packaging material. This may effect on the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Sorption may
change the chemical
Desorption (leaching)
Problems with the colouring agents used in plastic, these may leach into
the drug.
Permeation
Transmission of gases, vapours or liquids through packaging material to the drug that cause
oxidation or hydrolysis of the drug. This condition may worst with increase in temperature and
humidity.
Photo Degradation
Some ingredients of plastic may react chemically with the drug or vice versa and
change the appearance of the drug.
Polymer Modification
The physical or chemical alteration of the packaging material by the drug is called
modification.
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Forms of Plastic
Amorphous Plastic Crystalline Plastic
They give good transparency.
Hard but posses little brittleness.
More permeable to gases and vapour.
Less inert.
They are opaque in nature.
They are more flexible.
They are less permeable to gases and vapour.
More Inert.
Plastic
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Types of Plastic
Thermosets (Thermosetting plastics consist of those plastics
plastics that, when subjected to heat, normally will
become infusible or insoluble, and as such cannot be re-
melted. These plastics are used when good dimensional
and temperature stability are required. The formaldehyde
plastics have been found the most used in the
pharmaceutical industry as closures for glass and /or
plastics containers.
Thermoplastics consist of those
those plastics that normally
are rigid at operating
temperatures but can be re-
melted and reprocessed.
Plastic
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Plastic used for Pharmaceutical Products are primarily made form
the following polymers
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Poly Vinyl Chloride
Poly vinylidene chloride (PVdC)
Polystyrene
Polymethyl Methacrylate
Amino Formaldehyde
Poly Carbonate
Ionomer
Polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene
(PCTFE)
Plastic
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Polyethylene
1. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) – branched
chain
2. High density polyethylene (HDPE) – linear
chain
High density
polyethylene
(HDPE)
Characteristics:
Low cost
Moderately flexible
Stiffer and has better barrier properties
Chemical resistant
Poor clarity
Translucent in natural start and can be tinted
with any opaque colour
Odourless and tasteless
Advantages:
Low cost
Good moisture barrier
Not attack by most
solvent
Disadvantage:
Poor barrier for oxygen
and other gases
Orders and flavours are
sometime lost
Perfume or flavouring oil
can transpire rapidly
Stress-crack in the
presence of some
products
Applications:
For thin-wall blow moulded containers
Injection moulding of closures
Industrial and consumer bags and thermoformed trays
Plastic
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Polyethylene
1. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) – branched
chain
2. High density polyethylene (HDPE) – linear
chain
Low density
polyethylene
(LDPE)
Characteristics:
Odourless and tasteless
Easily blended with copolymers.
Highly resistant to most solvents
Poor barrier for gases
Softening temperature is around 110 – 150 oC
Easily pigmented
Good Transparency
Translucent
Advantages:
Low cost
Flexible
Light weight
Moisture barrier
Tough
Chemical resistant
Heat sealable
Disadvantage:
Prone to stress cracking in
the presence of
surfactants, vegetable or
mineral oils.
May have problem with
flavour or odors.
Applications:
Used in squeezable bottles and tubes.
Injection moulding of closures
Industrial and consumer bags and thermoformed trays
Plastic
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Polypropylene(PP)
Characteristics:
It has good resistance to cracking when
flexed.
Lighter, much stiffer and more heat resistant
than HDPE
Same chemical resistance properties to oil
and gases as HDPE
Can be sterilized with steam and ethylene
oxide, but not radiation, unless modified PP
are used.
Biaxial orientation PP (BOPP) will improve its
clarity.
High melting point 170 oC.
Advantages:
Low cost
Light weight
Less shrinkage
Disadvantage:
Low impact strength
Applications:
Suitable for use in closures, tablet containers and intravenous bottles
Used wildly for solid dosage products.
Also used for squeeze bottles, tubes and syringes.
Widely used for ophthalmic preparation.
Plastic
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PolyvinylChloride(PVC)
Characteristics:
Used as rigid packaging material.
PVC is naturally clear, have extremely good
resistance to oils, and have very low oxygen
transmission.
Plasticized PVC reduces chemical resistant
and increases gas and moisture permeation
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - Factors to consider
when PVC is uses for pharmaceutical
- Stabilizers – Plasticizer - Monomer residue -
Modifiers – Lubricants - Catalytic residue
Advantages:
Inexpensive
Rigid or tough
Transparent
Disadvantage:
Change colour to yellow
when exposed to heat or
UV light
Scratches are visible
Corrosive when
overheated
Applications:
Used as rigid packaging material and main component of intravenous bags.
Blister packaging for pharmaceuticals
Plastic
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Polyvinylidenechloride(PVdC)
Characteristics:
Trade name “Saran”
Copolymer of vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate
and vinylidene chloride
Excellent resistance to permeation by
moisture UV light, aroma, inorganic acids,
alkalis, aqueous salt solutions, organic water-
soluble acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters
of long chain fatty acids, and gas.
Good thermoforming.
Medical grade and non-toxic.
High level of transparency which improves the
aesthetic of the product.
Advantages:
Inexpensive
Rigid or tough
Transparent
Disadvantage:
Change colour to yellow
when exposed to heat or
UV light
Scratches are visible
Corrosive when
overheated
Applications:
Most widely used as a coating of Rigid PVC barrier films
Plastic
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Polystyrene(PS)
Characteristics:
PS has relative low heat resistance and is attacked
by several chemical agents.
Conventional grade – clear crystal grade, lack of
impact strength.
Impact-modified graded – copolymerized with
acrylonitrile and butadiene, poor optical
properties.
Easily molded into any shape.
Advantages:
Clear and light weight
Economical
Easily molded into any
shape, metallized and
hot-stamping.
Disadvantage:
May shrink, change colour
in sunlight.
Craze and become cloudy
Applications:
It is used for jars ointments and cream with low water content.
Also used to manufacture syringes.
Plastic
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Polycarbonates
Characteristics:
PC are formed by condensation of polyphenols
such as bisphenol-A with phosgene.
PC are transparent thermoplastics with high
strength and high temperatures resistance.
Good clarity, impact strength, ductility and low
controllable mold shrinkage.
Sterilizable and tolerates gamma radiation.
Expensive, their use is limited to specialty
application.
Advantages:
Excellent clarity and high
softening temperature.
Dimensionally stable
and processable
Odorless and non-
staining
Disadvantage:
Expensive
High permeation of
moisture and gases
Sensitive to Oxygen and
CO2
Applications:
Used in the preparation of surgical instruments.
Plastic
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Ionomer
Characteristics:
Ionomer are sodium or zinc salts of ethylene/
methacrylic acid copolymers.
Ionomer are used as an inner ply in laminates,
offering god heat sealing (even when the seal area
is contaminated by liquid or powder) over a wide
temperature range.
Clear , semiflexible, tough materials with good
abrasion resistance.
Manufacturers
Dow
SKGlobalChemical
Ineos
ExxonMobil
Entec
Lyondellbasell
Advantages:
excellent adhesion to
aluminium and other polar
substrates
Disadvantage:
Expensive
Applications:
Valued in sachet and pouch packs.
Plastic
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Polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene(PCTFE)
Characteristics:
Extremely low transmission of moisture.
Transparent, and can be heat sealed, laminated,
printed, thermoformed, metallized.
Because it is the most expensive plastic used in
the pharmaceutical industry, it is employed only
where the most demanding barrier properties are
required.
Heat resistance is up to 175 °C
Advantages:
Excellent water repulsion
and chemical stability
Disadvantage:
Expensive
Applications:
Laminated PCTFE (Aclar)/PVC sheet is used widely in thermoformed blister pack for
moisture-sensitive solid dosage form.
Plastic
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Plastic
Advantages of Plastic
Flexible and not easily broken or durable.
Low density and light weight
Economical
Pleasant in touch.
Flexible facilitating product dispensing.
Odorless and inert to most of the chemicals
Disadvantages of Plastic
They are not as impermeable to gas and vapor as glass
They may posses an electrostatic charge which will
attract particles
Used for many types of pack including rigid bottles for
tablets and capsules, squeezable bottles for eye drops
and nasal sprays, jars, flexible tubes and strip and
blister packs.
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Rubber is used mainly to manufacture closures for vials, transfusion fluid bottles, dropping
bottles and washer in many other types of products.
Categories of rubber are NATURAL and SYNTHETIC rubbers.
NATURAL Rubber – suitable for closures for injectable products as rubber reseal after multiple
insertion of needle.
SYNTHETIC Rubber – have fever additives and thus fewer extractable and tends to experience
less sorption of product ingredients. Not suitable for repeated insertion of needle because it
fragment or pushing small particles of the rubber into the product.
Rubber
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Butyl Nitrile Neoprene Silicone
These are copolymers of
isobutylene with 1-3% of
isoprene or butadiene
These are polymers of 1:4
chloprene
Advantages Resistant to aging and
chemical attack
Very low permeability
to water vapours and
air
Low water absorption
Cheaper compared to
other synthetic
rubbers.
Oil resistant due to
polar nitrile group
Heat resistant
Resistant to oxidation
hence these rubbers
age well
Oil resistant
Heat stability is up to
150 oC
Less water absorption
and permeable than
natural rubbers
Heat resistant up to
250 oC
Extremely low
absorption and
permeability of water
Excellent aging
Disadvantages Decomposition takes
place above 130 oC
Oil and solvent
resistance is not very
good
Absorption of
bactericide and
leaching of extractives
are considerable
Poor tensile strength
Expensive
Rubber
TypesofRubber
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Metals have been the base of packaging industry since a long time. Different type and varieties of
metals are used in the packaging.
In packaging the metals used in general are Aluminium, Tin, Lead and Stainless steel.
Metals have the highest temperature tolerance, highest physical strength, most durability, excellent
light, gas and moisture barrier, and stiffness. Some forms of metal packaging also have significant
operational advantages. For example, metal cans can be produced and filled at higher speeds than
glass or plastic bottles.
Metal
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Advantages of Metal
They are sturdy
They are impermeable to light, moisture and
gases
They can be made into rigid unbreakable
containers by impact extrusion
They are light in weight as compared to glass and
plastic
Labels can print directly on the surface
Disadvantages of Metal
Metals are expensive
They react with certain chemicals/drugs and may
shed metal particles into the drug
Metal
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Aluminum
Characteristics:
Aluminium is a very light metal with a specific
weight of 2.7 g/cm3, about a third that of steel.
Aluminum naturally generates a protective oxide
coating and is highly corrasion resistant. Different
types of surface treatment such as anodizing,
painting or lacquering can further improve this
property.
Aluminum is a good reflector of light as well as
heat, and that together with its low weight, makes
it an ideal material for reflector in.
Advantages:
Impermeable and lets
neither light or aroma nor
taste substance out.
Metal is non-toxic and
releases no aroma or taste
substance which makes it
ideal for packaging
sensitive products.
100% recyclable with no
downgrading of its
qualities.
Excellent barrier.
Disadvantage:
Expensive
Applications:
Aluminum is used in several products in the packaging industry, such as tubes & foils, aluminum
containers, bottles & cans, caps & closures, lidding materials, casseroles, etc.
Metal
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Lead
Characteristics:
It is a heavy metal that is denser than most
common materials.
Lead is soft and malleable and has a relatively low
melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery
with a hint of blue.
It tarnishes to a dull gray colour when exposed to
air.
Advantages:
Lowest cost of all the
metals used in
pharmaceutical.
Soft
Disadvantage:
Economical
When taken internally
there is risk of lead
poisoning. So lead
container and tubes
should have internal lining
of inert metal or polymer.
Applications:
With lining lead tubes are used for such product as fluoride toothpaste.
Metal
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Tin
Characteristics:
Tin-free steel and tinplate are commonly used in
the packaging industry.
Tinplate is a black plate coated with tin. It is
produced by tin coating, might or might not be
equally on both sides.
Tin containers are preferred for food,
pharmaceuticals and any product for which purity
is considered.
Tin is the most chemically inert of collapsible
metal tubes.
Advantages:
Highly polished
Used as protective coat.
Disadvantage:
Expensive
Applications:
Tin-free steel are generally used for screw & lug caps, tops, snap & press on closures and
shallow drawn food cans.
Metal