Biotechnology uses microorganisms like bacteria to create products for industry. Viruses insert their DNA into bacteria using restriction enzymes, so bacteria use the same restriction enzymes to cut out the viral DNA in self-defense. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites and generate pieces with either blunt or sticky ends, allowing targeted cutting and recombination of genes. This process is used industrially to isolate and mass produce genes of interest from bacteria.

1. Biotechnology A process that uses bacteria or other microorganisms to create a product for industry

3. Blunt end cuts A T T C G T A C T T T C G T A T A A G C A T G A A A G C A T 

4. Blunt end cuts VIRUS!!

5. Sticky end cuts A T T G A A T T C T T G G C T T A A C T T A A G A A C C G A 

6. Action of Restriction Enzyme VIRUS !

7. Close-up of infected DNA What if this section of DNA is viral DNA instead of bacterial?

9. How industry uses restriction enzymes GENE X Insert Gene X into bacteria Use bacteria to make copies of Gene X

10. How to isolate “gene of interest” GENE Restriction enzyme site Restriction enzyme site

11. Cutting the gene out tube of restriction enzyme tube of DNA

12. Preparing bacteria PLASMID  Cut the bacteria with the same restriction enzyme used to cut out the gene of interest

13. “ Subcloning” gene of interest GENE

14. Cloning gene of interest Allow bacteria to grow

16. Pouring gel

17. Loading gel

18. Setting voltage gradient

19. Isolating gene Each band represents DNA pieces of different sizes. One of these bands should have the gene of interest.

20. Sample gel of Salmonella

21. Paternity test

22. Sickle cell anemia

24. In what ways can this technology help or hurt man?