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Biotechnology
The document discusses various topics in biotechnology including the human genome project, genetic engineering, cloning, stem cells, and DNA fingerprinting. It provides details on how scientists mapped the human genome using techniques like DNA sequencing, restriction fragment-length polymorphisms, yeast and bacterial artificial chromosomes, polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoresis. Genetic engineering techniques like gene splicing and restriction enzymes are described. Applications and debates around cloning, genetic engineering, and stem cells are also summarized.
Biotechnology
- 1. Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Types Human Genome Project DNA Fingerprinting Gene Therapy Cloning Stem Cells Genetic Engineering
- 3. Human Genome Project HGP - was an international project that mapped and sequenced the entire human genome.
- 4. HGP Advantages Diseases Disorders Food (hunger)
- 5. HGP Disadvantages Privacy Insurance Perfect baby Uncertainties Religious Health (GM foods)
- 6. How scientists mappedthe human genome DNA Sequencing -is a laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule The Employment of Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) - DNA sequence recognized by restriction enzymes. These are bacterial enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at known locations. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC) - Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) is a human-engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in yeast cells Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) - (BAC) is an engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in bacterial cells The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences. Electrophoresis - a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/sequ_flash.html
- 7. Genetic Engineering Gene Splicing process in which fragments of DNA from one or more different organisms are combined to form recombinant DNA. Restriction Enzymes DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria Tobacco Plant/Firefly
- 12. Genetic Engineering Food Resistant to insects, more nutritious, larger, climate, juicier Pros? Cons? Humans Fight Disease? Insulin Change Traits? Pros? Cons?
- 13. Genetic Engineering Industry Bioenergy Cheaper Cleaner Products Environment Fight pollution
- 22. Restriction Enzymes Enzymes that “cut” DNA Enzymes made by bacteria as a defense mechanism to kill viruses Over 6000 Ex EcoRI HindIII Bam HI
- 25. Bacteria Single large chromosome Plasmids Circular DNA found in bacteria Important in genetic engineering Ex. Insulin production
- 26. Cloning Cloning - the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.
- 29. Cloning Advantages Multiplicity Food Extinction (Jurassic Park) Cloning a loved one (Sixth Day)
- 33. Disadvantages Organs (Island) Reducing Biodiversity Playing God Tempting to clone humans?
- 34. Stem Cells cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body serve as a repair system for the body may one day be used to make cells and tissues for therapy of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis
- 35. Stem Cells Health problemsthat might be treated Paralysis Disease http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9WB_PXjTBo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFYSUPlZmcg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUaCMIYYTNE
- 36. Stem Cell -is a "generic" cell that can make exact copies of itself indefinitely.
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- 44. DNA - PublicKnowledge & Crime DNA Fingerprinting/Gel Electrophoresis Privacy ex. employment opportunities Insurance Crime Paternity Tests http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/labwave.html