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Biotechnology has significantly impacted the livestock industry through advances in animal breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering. However, these practices also face issues. Animal breeding aims to produce hardier livestock but some facilities have abused animals. Cloning creates exact copies of animals but cloned animals often have health problems. Genetic engineering can alter animal traits but modifying animal genes risks unintended health consequences if the meat is consumed by humans. The use of growth hormones and antibiotics in livestock is also controversial as it may impact animal and human health.
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Xenorenotransoplantation 1
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Genetic Engineering Powerpoint
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Throughout the world, male chicks from layer breeds are killed just after hatching, as they are not profitable as regards the production of meat. The Dutch and European parliaments have insisted on research into possible alternatives to the killing of day-old chicks. In the present study we have investigated Dutch public opinion on the acceptability of these alternatives by means of discussions in so- called focus groups and via a public survey through computer-aided personal interviews (CAPI).
To inform the participants about the subject, a film was made to explain the current practice and introduce a number of technological alternatives that would prevent development of male embryos, as well as the possibility of creating a ‘dual-purpose chicken’ that would allow male chicks to be used for meat production.
The topics addressed in the study included the willingness of participants to pay a premium for eggs and chicken meat, were it necessary to prevent killing of male chicks. Focus-group discussions showed that many participants were unaware of the current practice of killing male chicks, and were shocked by this practice.
However, once informed, the participants seemed able to take various considerations into account and rank the alternatives. The alternatives ‘looking into the fresh egg (to determine sex of the egg and not incubate male eggs)’, and ‘dual-purpose chickens’ scored best out of all the possible alternatives, and higher than maintaining the current practice. ‘Influencing the laying hens such that they produce fewer male eggs’ scored the same as maintaining the current practice.
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To powerpoint
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Presentation istanbul
The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and foods (GMFs) including their techniques, benefits, risks, and perspectives from various religions. It notes that GMFs are typically transgenic plant products that are engineered for traits like pest resistance, vitamin content, or drought tolerance. While offering potential benefits, they may pose environmental or human health risks. Most major scientific organizations say currently available GMOs are safe, but religious views on GMOs vary and are still debated among scholars.
Somatic cell cloning
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13 4 applications of genetic engineering
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Genetic engineering involves manipulating the DNA of living organisms. It has led to important applications like producing insulin, growth hormones, transgenic crops, and vaccines. However, it also raises ethical concerns like unintended health effects, environmental impacts, and questions around discrimination. Proper regulation is needed to ensure biotechnology is used safely and for beneficial purposes only.
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genetically modified organisms
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28.2 how the genetic message changes
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Embryo transfer can be used to control the spread of genetic and infectious animal diseases. It allows for screening embryos for undesirable traits before implantation, reducing the transmission of genetic disorders. While natural mating spreads diseases like vibriosis, trichomoniasis, and brucellosis, embryo transfer lowers this risk if proper procedures are followed. Several diseases including leptospirosis, mycoplasma, and various viruses can also be controlled through embryo transfer. It is an effective tool for detecting carriers of recessive traits and separating fetal and maternal influences in research.
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Killing one day-old male chicks, do we have alternatives (summery)-1
Throughout the world, male chicks from layer breeds are killed just after hatching, as they are not profitable as regards the production of meat. The Dutch and European parliaments have insisted on research into possible alternatives to the killing of day-old chicks. In the present study we have investigated Dutch public opinion on the acceptability of these alternatives by means of discussions in so- called focus groups and via a public survey through computer-aided personal interviews (CAPI).
To inform the participants about the subject, a film was made to explain the current practice and introduce a number of technological alternatives that would prevent development of male embryos, as well as the possibility of creating a ‘dual-purpose chicken’ that would allow male chicks to be used for meat production.
The topics addressed in the study included the willingness of participants to pay a premium for eggs and chicken meat, were it necessary to prevent killing of male chicks. Focus-group discussions showed that many participants were unaware of the current practice of killing male chicks, and were shocked by this practice.
However, once informed, the participants seemed able to take various considerations into account and rank the alternatives. The alternatives ‘looking into the fresh egg (to determine sex of the egg and not incubate male eggs)’, and ‘dual-purpose chickens’ scored best out of all the possible alternatives, and higher than maintaining the current practice. ‘Influencing the laying hens such that they produce fewer male eggs’ scored the same as maintaining the current practice.
The use of ‘genetic modification to facilitate looking into the fresh egg’ scored only slightly lower than maintaining the current practice. Alternatives whereby developing male embryos die, or are killed, scored lower than maintaining the current practice.
To powerpoint
To create a transgenic organism, three main components are needed: a gene to transfer, an organism to receive the gene (target organism), and a vector to transfer the gene. The gene is first replicated using PCR and then isolated using restriction enzymes. It is then inserted into a transposon vector, such as piggyBAC, which can insert the gene into the target organism's chromosomes or plasmids. Transgenic organisms contribute to science and society by allowing traits to be introduced that would not normally be present, such as increasing muscle mass in fish without extra food. They have advantages like creating new products, increasing disease resistance, and improving food quality and farming sustainability, but also have disadvantages like unknown effects and ethical issues.
Presentation istanbul
The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and foods (GMFs) including their techniques, benefits, risks, and perspectives from various religions. It notes that GMFs are typically transgenic plant products that are engineered for traits like pest resistance, vitamin content, or drought tolerance. While offering potential benefits, they may pose environmental or human health risks. Most major scientific organizations say currently available GMOs are safe, but religious views on GMOs vary and are still debated among scholars.
Somatic cell cloning
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) involves transferring the nucleus of a donor somatic cell into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. In 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute succeeded in cloning Dolly the sheep using SCNT after previous failed attempts. Dolly was born after the nucleus of a mammary cell was fused with an enucleated sheep egg cell, which was then implanted into a surrogate ewe. Dolly lived for six years and gave birth to six lambs of her own, but had health issues like premature aging. While SCNT offers potential benefits in agriculture, medicine and conservation, it also faces challenges like low cloning efficiency and health problems in cloned animals.
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Genetic engineering can be used to modify cells and organisms by transferring genes. This includes creating transgenic bacteria, animals, and plants by introducing foreign DNA. Examples given are plants that produce pesticides, cotton resistant to herbicides, tobacco that produces human proteins, and mustard plants that create bioplastic. The first genetically modified primate, a monkey named ANDi, was also introduced. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell nucleus, implanted into a surrogate mother. Ethical issues around who decides what is "corrected" and modifying animals for human organ transplants were also raised.
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28.2 how the genetic message changes
Mutations occur when errors are made during DNA replication, causing the wrong genetic message and proteins. Mutations can be caused by radiation, chemicals, or copying mistakes and may affect offspring if in the parents' sex cells. Cloning produces an exact genetic copy, while breeding combines traits of parents in offspring. Gene splicing inserts DNA from one organism into another's DNA to produce desired proteins, such as insulin for diabetics.
USE OF EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL DISEASES
Embryo transfer can be used to control the spread of genetic and infectious animal diseases. It allows for screening embryos for undesirable traits before implantation, reducing the transmission of genetic disorders. While natural mating spreads diseases like vibriosis, trichomoniasis, and brucellosis, embryo transfer lowers this risk if proper procedures are followed. Several diseases including leptospirosis, mycoplasma, and various viruses can also be controlled through embryo transfer. It is an effective tool for detecting carriers of recessive traits and separating fetal and maternal influences in research.
Reproductive system male
The document summarizes the avian reproductive system. It describes the major components including the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and papilla. It discusses spermatogenesis, semen production and transport, and the roles of hormones like testosterone. The timing of artificial insemination and techniques like semen collection, evaluation, and storage are also outlined. Caponization is described as the surgical removal of testes in male chickens to improve meat quality.
Reproductive Biotechnology
Dr. B. Victor is a retired biology professor with over 32 years of experience teaching and researching reproductive technology in fishes. His presentation outlines various forms of reproduction including asexual, sexual, and parthenogenesis. It also discusses cloning technology such as embryo splitting, nuclear transfer, and the three main types of cloning - recombinant DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. The benefits and applications of cloning as well as techniques for transgenic animal production are also summarized.
Embryo sexing pppt
This document discusses animal biotechnology and methods for sex selection of livestock embryos. It begins by providing context on the history of biotechnology in animal husbandry. Key methods described include artificial insemination, progesterone assays, estrus synchronization, and embryo transfer. Details are given on techniques for sexing embryos, including probes for Y-chromosomes and differences in X-linked enzymes. Challenges to the adoption of these technologies in developing countries are also summarized.
The power of indigenous breeds for rural transformation - presentation given ...
The power of indigenous breeds for rural transformation - presentation given ...Dr Ilse Koehler-Rollefson
This presentation summarizes some of the reasons why indigenous livestock breeds are the foundation for sustainable rural development and why devloping countries should not follow the "western path" of increasing production at al costs, by means of imported genetics and animal feed.Powerpoint
This document provides definitions and information about key terms related to animal reproduction and genetics, including terminology for reproductive management, breeding systems, the anatomy and functions of the male and female reproductive systems in various livestock species, cell division, fertilization, chromosomes, genes, heredity, and genetic prediction using Punnett squares. It covers topics such as estrus, gestation, parturition, inbreeding, crossbreeding, the ovaries, testicles, sperm, eggs, dominant and recessive genes, homozygous and heterozygous, and using genetics to predict offspring traits.
Gmr2301 Breeding Transgenic Cattle For Human Therapeutics
Small breed cattle & pigs now can be part of small farm new product development via emerging agribio technology with recent breakthroughs in bioscience/bioengineering.
Genetics of animal breeding 9
This document discusses genetics and animal breeding. It explains how genetics relates to livestock improvement and describes cell division, inheritance of traits, and genetic principles like dominance, sex determination, linkage and mutation. Additive gene effects from many genes cumulatively influence economically important quantitative traits like growth and milk production, while non-additive genes control fewer qualitative traits. Heritability estimates the proportion of variation due to genetics. Selection of superior breeding stock relies on performance records and expected progeny differences to make genetic progress over generations.
Animal breeding
This document discusses principles of animal genetics including Mendelian genetics. It explains Mendel's principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and how they can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring through Punnett squares. It describes genetic material including DNA, genes, and chromosomes. It discusses how genetic material is transferred from parents to offspring and defines key genetic terms. It also covers non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance and codominance.
Selection
This PowerPoint presentation is from the third webinar in a five part series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. The presenter is Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
Reproductive technology
Summarizes animal/livestock reproductive technologies including artificial insemination, estrus synchronization, and cloning.
Animal life cycle
House flies, chickens, and other animals reproduce through various life cycles and methods. Sexual reproduction can involve internal or external fertilization, while asexual reproduction occurs through budding or regeneration without fertilization. Advanced breeding techniques for animals include selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cloning.
Selective Breeding
This is a powerpoint I made about Selective Breeding. If you have no idea what is selective breeding, this is the powerpoint you're looking for.
Marker assissted selection
This document discusses molecular markers and their use in marker-assisted selection for animal breeding. It begins by introducing quantitative genetics and the goal of improving livestock traits through selective breeding. It then defines different types of genetic markers like morphological, biochemical, and chromosomal markers. The bulk of the document focuses on molecular markers, their characteristics, classes like RFLP, SNP, and SSR markers. It describes marker-assisted selection and its advantages over phenotypic selection, like enabling selection for traits that are difficult or costly to measure. It notes some requirements and challenges to the effective use of MAS in animal breeding programs.
Marker assisted selection lecture
The document discusses marker-assisted selection (MAS), which uses genetic markers linked to genes of interest to make selection decisions for genetic improvement. MAS can be applied to traits that are difficult to measure, late-life traits, or those measured on only one sex. The accuracy of MAS depends on the linkage between the marker and gene. Successful MAS requires gene mapping, genotyping, QTL detection, and integrating phenotypic and genotypic data in evaluations. MAS response is limited long-term but benefits of favorable variants continue. Marker-assisted introgression can also be used to transfer genes between breeds faster.
Embryo Transfer
Embryo transfer involves collecting embryos from a donor cow and transferring them to recipient cows. The donor cow is given follicle stimulating hormones to cause it to superovulate and produce multiple embryos. The embryos are then collected from the donor cow approximately 7 days after artificial insemination. The embryos are evaluated and the highest quality embryos are transferred into recipient cows that have been synchronized to the same stage of estrus as the donor cow through the use of hormones. Embryo transfer allows for the propagation of genetics from superior cows and makes it possible to export or store embryos indefinitely.
Marker assisted selection
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a plant breeding method that uses DNA markers to select for desirable traits. It allows breeders to select plants earlier in development compared to phenotypic selection. MAS has advantages like being unaffected by environment and ability to select for recessive traits, but may be more expensive initially than conventional methods. Careful analysis of costs and benefits is needed to determine if MAS is advantageous for a particular program over traditional breeding. MAS requires tightly linked markers, knowledge of marker-trait associations, and data management to be effective. A variety of MAS approaches exist like backcrossing, pyramiding, and combined MAS and phenotypic selection.
Breeding systems
This document summarizes a presentation on breeding systems for sheep and goats. It discusses purebreeding, inbreeding/linebreeding, outcrossing, crossbreeding, and heterosis. Specific breeding systems covered include two-breed crosses, rotational crosses, and terminal crosses. Advantages of crossbreeding include hybrid vigor, utilizing complementarity between breeds, and producing a uniform product. The document provides examples of historic sheep and goat breeds and influential breeders like Robert Bakewell.
Molecular marker and its application to genome mapping and molecular breeding
Molecular markers are genetic elements that can be used to follow chromosomes or chromosomal segments during genetic analysis. Molecular markers include molecular techniques like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). SSRs, also known as microsatellites, are tandem repeats of short DNA motifs that are highly polymorphic due to replication slippage errors. SNPs are single base pair changes that are the most common type of genetic variation. Both SNPs and SSRs are useful molecular markers that can be detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and are important tools for genome mapping and molecular breeding applications.
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USE OF EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL DISEASES
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Molecular marker and its application to genome mapping and molecular breeding
Molecular marker and its application to genome mapping and molecular breeding
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Bioethics of transgenic animals
This document discusses ethical issues relating to transgenic animals. It begins by defining transgenesis as the addition of DNA from one organism to another, resulting in creatures that blur species lines. It then discusses various methods for producing transgenic animals, both natural and artificial. It explores applications of transgenic animals like protein production but also problems with low efficiency and health issues in the animals. The document raises ethical concerns about modifying animal genetics without knowing effects, treating animals as commodities, and creating diseased animals. It examines both religious views for and against genetic engineering of animals. Finally, it outlines principles from the 1995 Banner Report regarding the justification and minimization of animal harm in research.
Ethical issues related to transgenic animals
This document discusses the ethical issues related to transgenic animals. It begins by defining ethics, bioethics, and the two types of genetic modification - altering genes normally present or transferring genes between individuals. Genetic modification of animals is used to help research human diseases, develop new drugs, provide transplant tissues/organs, and enhance livestock. However, this raises ethical concerns like unpredictable ecosystem impacts, animal welfare issues, risks to human and environmental health, "playing God", and religious concerns over gene transfers between species. The document also discusses regulation bodies like GEAC and issues around patents and biopiracy of genetically modified organisms.
Genetic engineering in animal
The use of genetic engineering technology in animals has been associated with ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare. Discuss examples of genetically engineered animals and evaluate the ethical concerns of genetic engineering.
Applications of animal biotechnology
The document discusses various applications of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, biopharming, and stem cells. It provides details on using transgenic mice, livestock, fish, and other animals to produce pharmaceuticals like growth factors, hormones, and clotting factors. Stem cells are discussed for their role in disease treatment, drug testing, and therapeutic cloning applications.
Principal of genetic engineering & its applications in
Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating an organism's DNA. It can introduce DNA from other species into a host organism, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Early applications included creating bacteria that produced human insulin to treat diabetes. Now genetic engineering is used widely in scientific research and agriculture to improve crop yields and traits. It also has medical applications like developing model organisms to study diseases, producing therapeutic proteins and antibodies, and holding promise for future gene therapies and regenerative medicine using stem cells.
Biotechnology 6
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or substances from living organisms to develop products or modify organisms. It involves techniques like genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Some key areas of biotechnology include medicine, agriculture, food production, and industry. The field is multidisciplinary, drawing from areas like life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, and mathematics. Biotechnology has contributed to advances in areas like disease treatment, agriculture, and environmental management. It continues to be an area of growing career opportunities.
selective breeding and genetic engineering
Selective breeding and genetic engineering are techniques used to produce offspring with desirable traits. Selective breeding involves selecting animals with desired traits and breeding them, while genetic engineering transfers genes between organisms. Both techniques have benefits like increased crop yields or disease resistance, but also risks like loss of genetic diversity, animal health issues, or unintended effects. Genetic engineering in particular raises ethical concerns about manipulating natural organisms.
ABT Introduction
This document provides information about animal biotechnology through several sections. It begins with an introduction that discusses the long history of animal biotechnology including traditional breeding techniques dating back to 5000 BC. It then covers the history of animal biotechnology from the 1970s to the present day, highlighting important milestones. Several sections follow on the scope, applications, and terminology of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, cloning, animal models in research, vaccines, nutrition, and embryo transfer. The document concludes by defining common terminology used in animal cell culture.
Ethics in animal biotech
Its all about Etics related Information in Animal Biotechnology as well as Biotechnology. I hope it Will help
transgenic technology.pptx
This document discusses transgenic technology and various transgenic organisms that have been developed. It begins by defining transgenesis as the process of introducing an exogenous or altered gene into an organism so that it exhibits a new property. Various methods for creating transgenic organisms are described, including microinjection, lipofection, and viral transformation. Examples of transgenic applications in medicine, research, industry, and agriculture are provided. Key transgenic animals that have been developed including brainbow mice, spider goats, cancer-resistant mice, and glofish are summarized.
Xenotransplantation
This document discusses xenotransplantation, which is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another. It provides a brief history of xenotransplantation experiments dating back to the 17th century. Pigs and primates are commonly used as organ donors due to their similarities to human genetics. While xenotransplantation could help address the shortage of human organs, there are also health risks like transmitting diseases. The document examines specific cases where baboon bone marrow and human tumor cells were transplanted into other species and analyzes the results. It concludes by discussing the future potential of using biotechnology to reduce organ rejection and allow xenotransplantation to meet the growing demand for transplants.
genetically modified animals and crop.pdf
Genetically modified animals have advantages like producing human proteins for medical use and creating more productive livestock, but also disadvantages like unknown health risks and ethical concerns. The presentation explores pros and cons of genetically modifying animals as well as examples like Dolly the sheep, increasing cow milk production, using pig hemoglobin in medicine, and producing insulin in microorganisms. Both the benefits and ethical implications of this emerging field must be considered to develop it responsibly.
Animals-in-Genetic-Engineering-6.pptx
Genetic engineering techniques were first developed in the 1970s and the first genetically modified animal was a mouse created in 1974. Genetic engineering in animals aims to alter traits through DNA manipulation and can provide benefits like increased disease resistance and productivity, but also raises welfare, environmental, and public acceptance concerns that require careful consideration. The effects of genetic engineering are complex with both potential risks and opportunities.
transgenic animals slides for UG level.pptx
Transgenic animals are animals that have had foreign DNA inserted into their genome, typically through microinjection of DNA into a fertilized egg. This results in genetically modified offspring that carry the new DNA. Transgenic animals are primarily created to study human diseases, produce useful biological products, test vaccine and chemical safety, and increase food production traits like growth rate or milk yield. Some examples of transgenic animals include faster growing salmon, high egg producing chickens, and goats engineered for more meat production.
Evolution & Gen. Engineering
This document provides learning objectives and content about genetic engineering and its applications. It discusses:
- How genetic engineering works by transferring genes between organisms using plasmids and bacteria. This allows production of human insulin and other proteins.
- Advantages of genetic engineering like combining genes from different species and producing large quantities of desired proteins easily.
- Uses of genetic engineering including producing human insulin for diabetes treatment, blood clotting factors for hemophilia, and potential gene therapy applications.
- Issues around genetic engineering involve risks of gene therapy and problems with genetically modified crops despite improvements they can provide.
Genetic Engineering.pptx
1. Genetic engineering involves artificially manipulating an organism's genes through processes like isolation, cutting, and insertion of DNA from different organisms.
2. Key applications include producing human insulin in bacteria, developing vitamin A rice to prevent blindness, and using pharming to produce medicines in animal milk.
3. While genetic engineering holds promise for improving health, it also raises ethical issues regarding altering natural organisms and potential unintended consequences.
Genetic manipulation of animals.pptx
Genetically engineered animals are created through genetic manipulation techniques like DNA microinjection or cloning to introduce new traits. They are being engineered for agriculture and medicine, such as producing human proteins and antibodies in their milk or blood for treating diseases. While this technology aims to increase productivity and quality, it raises ethical concerns about interfering with animal integrity and welfare, as well as potential environmental impacts. Regulations require ensuring modified animals and their products are safe for animal and human consumption.
Chromosome manipulations
The document discusses chromosome manipulations and genetically engineered animals. It describes how animal models are used to develop medical treatments and test new drugs and procedures before applying them to humans. Regulations require testing plans and oversight to ensure animal welfare. Products undergo rigorous testing first in cell cultures, then animal models, before progressing to human trials. Animal models can provide information on how the body absorbs, metabolizes and excretes chemicals. Genetically engineered animals are also discussed as ways to improve food supply and understand biology.
Product Presentation -KathrynB
Genetic engineering refers to the transfer of genes between organisms, including across species boundaries. It has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Key organizations that regulate genetic engineering in the US include the FDA, EPA, and USDA. While genetic engineering has benefits like improved crops and medicines, it also poses risks to the environment and human health that require careful oversight and long term study.
Presentation gp
Genetic engineering refers to the transfer of genes between organisms, including across species boundaries. It has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. While genetic engineering has potential benefits, it also poses risks to the environment and human health that require careful oversight and regulation.
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Principal of genetic engineering & its applications in
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