This document provides an overview of biometrics. It begins with an introduction describing biometrics as automated methods of recognizing individuals based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. The document then discusses the history of biometrics, how biometric systems work, common technologies used including identification and verification systems, examples of behavioral and physical biometric methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of biometrics. It concludes by stating that biometrics is an expanding field that could allow for highly secure identification using unique physical traits.

1. BIOMETRICS
BY:
Sheel Timir Shah
mastersheel007@gmail.com

2. MY PRESENTATION
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• WORKING PROCESS
• TECHNOLOGIES
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION
• Biometrics are automated methods of
recognizing a person based on a physiological or
behavioral characteristic.
• As the level of security decreases and transaction
fraud increases, the need for highly secure
identification and personal verification
technologies is more.
• Biometric-based solutions are able to provide for
confidential financial transactions and personal
data privacy.

4. HISTORY
• The term "biometrics" is derived from the Greek
words bio (life) and metric (to measure).
• The first known example of biometrics in
practice was a form of finger printing being used
in China in the 14th century by “Joao de Barros.”
• “Bertillonage” a method of bodily measurement
was used by police authorities.
• The police then used finger printing, which was
developed by Richard Edward Henry of Scotland
Yard.

5. WHY BIOMETRICS…?
• Convenient
• Passwords are not user-friendly
• Perceived as more secured
• Passive identification

6. WORKING
All biometric systems works in a four-stage process that consists of the
following steps:
• Capture: A biometric system collects the sample of biometric features
like fingerprint, voice etc of the person who “LOGGS” in.
• Extraction: The data extraction is done uniquely from the sample and a
template is created for unique features. Templates stores in digital
biometric code format.
• Comparison: The template is then compared with a new sample.
• Match/non-match: The system then decides whether the features
extracted from the new sample are a match or a non-match with the
template. When identity needs checking, the person interacts with the
biometric system, a new biometric sample is taken and compared with the
template.

7. TECHNOLOGIES
• Identification And Verification Systems
Identification:Search a sample against a database
of templates.
Typical application: identifying fingerprints
Verification:Compare a sample against a single
stored template
Typical application: voice lock

8. METHODS
BIOMETRIC METHODS:
1)Behavioral Biometrics
a)Keystroke or Typing Recognition
b)Speaker Identification or Recognition
2)Physical Biometrics
a)Fingerprint Identification or Recognition
b)Speaker or Voice Authentication
c)Hand or Finger Geometry Recognition
d) Facial Recognition

9. BEHAVIORAL BIOMETRICS
• Used for verification purpose
• Keystroke or Typing Recognition:Keystroke recognition
measures the characteristics of an individual’s typing patterns,
including the time spacing of words. It can be used for
identifying people who may create inappropriate email or
conduct.
• Speaker Identification or Recognition: Speaker
identification and recognition is used to discover an
unknown speaker’s identity based on patterns of voice
pitch and speech style. Behavioral patterns of a voice
differ with every individual.

10. PHYSICAL BIOMETRICS
• Used for Identification purpose
• Fingerprint Identification or Recognition: This type of
biometrics compares two fingerprints to determine identification.
• Speaker or Voice Authentication: Speaker or voice
authentication is the analysis of vocal behavior by matching it to a
voice model template
• Hand or Finger Geometry Recognition:The method uses 3D
analysis of the finger for tracking and identification purposes.
• Facial Recognition: Facial recognition uses algorithms to
analyze features. These include the position/size/shape of the
eyes, nose, cheekbones and jaw line.

11. ADVANTAGES
• Increase security
• Eliminate problems caused by lost IDs or
forgotten passwords
• Reduce password administration costs.
• Make it possible, automatically, to know WHO
did WHAT, WHERE and WHEN?
• Replace hard-to-remember passwords which
may be shared or observed.

12. DISADVANTAGES
• The finger print of those people working in
Chemical industries are often affected.
• It is found that with age, the voice of a person
differs.
• For people affected with diabetes, the eyes
get affected resulting in differences.
• Biometrics is an expensive security solution.

13. CONCLUSION
• Biometrics is a very interesting and exciting
field that has be growing exponentially in
recent years (especially 2001).
• The wide variety of physically unique traits
our bodies give us will soon allow us to live in
a very secure password-less world