1) Biomechanics refers to the study of engineering and physics principles applied to living systems, especially the human body. It involves understanding forces and mechanics in anatomy. 2) The hip is a ball and socket joint like the shoulder, but more stable due to forces experienced. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. 3) Understanding hip biomechanics requires knowledge of lower body mechanics and gait, along with the functions of surrounding muscles and ligaments like the iliotibial tract. Accurately determining the hip joint center is important for gait analysis.

1. BIOMECHANICS
OBAJE GODWIN SUNDAY
+2348068638121,
obaje199@gmail.com
FUNAI, Nigeria
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2. BIOMECHANICS
• Biomechanics - Its simply mechanics applied to living
systems - principally the human body or animals
systems. It refers to study of Engg. and physics
concerns with forces.
• Your lips are doing most of the work. … Whistling is
mostly forcing air from your lungs through your trachea
out of your mouth.
• The hip is a ball and socket style synovial joint, much
more so than the gleno-humeral joint of the shoulder
girdle in that the encompassing socket of the
acetabular rim fixed.
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3. Biomechanics Cont’D
• 2 main components one needs to learn biomechanics.
• Understanding of human anatomy is useful at least
with regards to learning about human biomechanics.
• For instance, opens up airway passages and relieves
stress put on body when in proper posture compared
to improper posture, such as a slumped back, rounded
shoulders.
• The physiologic activities involving human body
fluids.
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4. FIELD OF STUDY
• In india, biomechanics is a separate elective course
offered as part of mechanical or biomedical
engineering.
• if you are planning on getting a degree in biomechanics
with the hope of serving your community in a health
centered orientation then it is wise especially at
postgraduate levels.
• Some of the trends in the field are fluid-structure
interaction (FSI), growth, stimulation and remodeling,
optimization.
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5. Field Cont’D
• If you are interested in the circulatory system of human
body, you can touch on the fluid mechanics on
biological view e.g microfluidic devices.
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6. BOOKS
Fundamentals of
Biomechanics: Equilibrium,
Motion, and Deformation,
Nihat Ozkaya and Margareta
Nordin.
Biomechanics and Motor
Control of Human
Movement, David
WinterBasic Biomechanics,
Susan J. Hall.
Basic Biomechanics of the
Musculoskeletal System,
Margareta Nordin and
Victor Frankel.
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7. Biomechanics of Hip Joint
• The hip is a ball and
socket style synovial
joint.
• It is like the gleno-
humeral joint of the
shoulder girdle in that
the encompassing
socket. Here, the
acetabular rim cups the
femoral head. The
labrum further extends
the cupping of the5/4/2018 7
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8. Hip Joint Cont’D
• This translates to an increase in structural stability. This
is largely due to the difference in forces experienced
between the two joints, and their requirements on the
"locomotion-stabilization continuum“.
• A joint located in the lower body like the hip will have
an increased need to be structurally stable. This is
because of the constant stresses of gait combined with
disproportionately larger forces exhibited during
locomotion.
• Motion occurred or occurring in one of the three
planes…sagittal plane, transverse and coronal
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9. Hip joint Cont’D
• Sagittal plane motions are called flexion (femoral shaft
moving anterior/superior forms) and extension
(femoral shaft moving anterior/superior) and operate
around an axis running horizontally medial-lateral
• The coronal (frontal) plane motions of abduction (leg
away from midline) and adduction (leg towards
midline) operate around an axis that runs front-back,
anterior-posterior.
• The transverse plane motions of internal (anterior
femur moving medially and posterior) and external
(anterior femur moving laterally and posterior) operate
around a vertical, superior-inferior axis.5/4/2018 9
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10. Hip joint Cont’D
• To understands fully hip biomechanics……. the
biomechanics of the lower body in entity.
• Pronation
Is motions that contribute to eccentric, isometric, and
concentric contractions as controlled collapse of the
body to gravity.
• At the foot, is inversion of the forefoot, eversion of the
rear foot (calcaneus/heel), dorsiflexion of the talo-
crural (ankle) tibial internal rotation in space which
amounts to internal rotation at the talo-crural joint.
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11. Hip joint Cont’D
• At the knee the tibia is still internally rotating in space
as the knee is flexing; however, this motion can be
possibly overtaken by the motion at the femoral
condyles, which can amount to a net tibial external
rotation when looking at joint motion from a purely
arthrokinematic standpoint.
• Importantly, at the hip joint, we see a combination of
flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.
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12. Hip joint Cont’D
Supination motions also: concentric, eccentric and
isometric contractions of muscles) to gravity.
• At the foot eversion of the forefoot, inversion of the
rear foot, extension of the talo-crural joint (plantar
"flexion") , external rotation of the tibia and rotation of
the tibia on the talus at the talo-crural joint.
• The knee extends to a locked position, leading to
extension of the hip, along with abduction and external
rotation of the femur in relation to the pelvis. The knee
could be potentially in a position of internal rotation if
the amount of hip external rotation surpasses the
amount of tibia external rotation.5/4/2018 12
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13. Hip joint Cont’D
• Gaits, supination and pronation cause the hip to
experience force traveling in the vector of the femoral
shaft. Thus, lateral hip stabilization is paramount.
• The structural stability of hip is by arthroanatomy of
the hip.
• Hip muscles which include but are not limited to
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus,
tensor fascia latae (TFL), addutors brevis, longus, and
magnus and pectineus.
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14. Hip joint Cont’D
• Gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius,
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
and piriformis.
• Gemellus inferior, gemellus superior, quadratus
femoris, obturator internus and obturator externus.
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15. Hip Joint Centre (HJC)
• Clinical gait analysis incorporating three-dimensional
motion analysis plays a key role in planning surgical
treatments in people with gait disability.
• The position of the Hip Joint Centre (HJC) within the
pelvis is thus critical to ensure accurate data
interpretation.
• The location of the hip joint centres (HJC) is an
important part of biomechanics modelling and has
repercussion in accuracy and subsequent
interpretation of gait data.
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16. Iliotibial tract and Biomechanics
• Mechanical testing
• Elongation of the 18
partially plastinated
samples was measured
with a 5 kN load cell.
• Thirty samples can be
harvested from ten iliotibial
tracts of ten donors to
determine the effectiveness
of the acellularization.
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Uniaxial stress-strain testing
of an acellular iliotibial tract
sample.

17. Iliotibial Tract Cont’D
• Acellular scaffolds are increasingly used for the surgical
repair of tendon injury and ligament tears.
• Eighteen human iliotibial tract samples from nine body
donors using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
• Acellular scaffolds are increasingly applied in soft tissue
reconstruction or in the surgical treatment of
musculoskeletal system injury
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18. Transmissions power to Menisci
• The important role of
the meniscus in load
transmission and shock
absorption is well
known.
• Assess the
biomechanical behavior
of meniscal tissue from
different large animals.
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19. REFERENCE
• Burnfield J. M. & Perry J. (2010). Gait analysis: normal
and pathological function.
• Wren T. A., Gorton G. E. 3rd, Ounpuu S. & Tucker C. A.
(2011). Efficacy of clinical gait analysis: A systematic
review. Gait Posture 34, 149–153.
• Barber FA, Aziz-Jacobo J (2009) Biomechanical testing
of commercially available soft-tissue augmentation
materials. Arthroscopy 25 (11): 1233–1239.
• Branch JP (2011) A tendon graft weave using an
acellular dermal matrix for repair of the Achilles
tendon and other foot and ankle tendons. J Foot Ankle
Surg 50 (2): 257–265.
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20. THANKS
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