This course focuses on the biomechanical factors involved in human movement, with emphasis on sports techniques, musculoskeletal stress, and movement patterns, and will include lectures, tutorials, laboratories, assignments, and a final exam to assess students' understanding of biomechanics from a descriptive, applied, and analytical perspective.

1. Benderi Darsril PhD
Kuan Boon, Ong Assoc Professor

2. Course OutlineCourse Outline
This course studies the biomechanical factors involved in
movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-
skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.
Required Readings:
•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of
Human Movement. Williams andWilkins.
• end chapter multi questions (answers onWebCT)

3. Course OutlineCourse Outline
LECTURES & Tutorials:
• Approximately 14 individual lectures & tutorials
LABORATORIES:
10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)
ASSESSMENT:
Course Work 60%
•Final Exam (40%)

4. Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes
• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.
• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D and 3 – D
movements.
• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.
• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.
• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.
• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the
kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running
gait.
• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated
with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.
• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective

5. Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations
• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.
• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and laboratories.
• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class.
• The first option is to attend another lab time but please
• A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab is not
made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).

7. Scinece examine the internal and external forcwes acting on the human
and the effects produce by those forces
Cricket HM&ES.avi

8. What is the scope of biomechanics?What is the scope of biomechanics?
Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied
anatomy ....
Sport
• Technique development
• Injury reduction
Clinical
• Rehabilitation
• Disease identification and progression
Occupational
• Ergonomics
• Kinanthropometry (Growth)

9. Technique Development
Injury Reduction

10. Rehabilitation
Disease Identification & Progression

11. Ergonomics
Kinanthropometry (growth)

12. Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill?
 Tactical
 Technical
 Physical
 Mental

13. Deciding what technique to teach?Deciding what technique to teach?
1.1. Past experiences as a coach orPast experiences as a coach or
playerplayer
 e.g. grip on
the racquet

14. Deciding what technique to teach?Deciding what technique to teach?
2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends
 e.g. two handed
backhand

15. Deciding what technique to teach?Deciding what technique to teach?
3.3. Consider individualConsider individual FLAIRFLAIR ofof
athleteathlete

16. Deciding what technique to teach?Deciding what technique to teach?
Must use the previous threeMust use the previous three ++ an understanding of thean understanding of the
mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement
 e.g. time on
strings (5 ms)

17. What is the structure ofWhat is the structure of
biomechanics?biomechanics?
Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)
 Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen

18. Describing position or movementDescribing position or movement
Cartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)
X
Y

19. Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal
• right & left
Coronal (Frontal)
• front & back
Transverse
• Top & Bottom

20. Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal
• Front Knee Angle
Coronal (Frontal)
• Trunk Angle
Transverse
• Shoulder Alignment

21. History of BiomechanicsHistory of Biomechanics
1.1. Ancient Period - 300 B.CAncient Period - 300 B.C
AristotleAristotle (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician)(384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician)
- Father of Kinesiology- Father of Kinesiology
- First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement of- First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement of
female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical positionfemale 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position
ArchimedesArchimedes (287 – 212 BC)(287 – 212 BC)
- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)
- principle of buoyancy- principle of buoyancy
- moving a ship by himself - pulleys- moving a ship by himself - pulleys

22. Continue: History of BiomechanicsContinue: History of Biomechanics
2.2. Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)
- negative emphasis - in physical development- negative emphasis - in physical development
Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)
-!st team of physician-!st team of physician
- bring anatomy to room- bring anatomy to room
- legal to open up human body- legal to open up human body
-1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the dissection of-1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the dissection of
study of human bodystudy of human body

23. Continue - History ofContinue - History of
BiomechanicsBiomechanics
3.3. Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.
• Leonardo da vinciLeonardo da vinci – 1– 1stst
modern dissector of the human body ( referred tomodern dissector of the human body ( referred to
as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection)as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection)
4. Post Renaissance (164. Post Renaissance (16thth
-17-17thth
century)century)
• Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder of– Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder of
Modern Anatomy.Modern Anatomy.
- 1- 1stst
scientific textbook in Anatomy.scientific textbook in Anatomy.
• Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope andGalileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope and
microscopemicroscope
• Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 laws ofSir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 laws of
motionsmotions
• Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern BiomechanicsGiovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics
5. Modern Era:5. Modern Era:
• Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the horse.Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the horse.
• Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can move theArchimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can move the
earthearth

25. Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes
• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical and occupational
settings and give an example of each.
• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed
and those that should be left alone?
• What is the Cartesian measurement system?
• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:
• Sagittal plane
• Transverse plane
• Frontal plane

26. Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures
• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints
• Planes of motion
• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)
• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8 & 9 (10&11)

27. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Hip Flexors
•psoas major
•iliacus
•rectus femoris
Hip Extenders
•gluteus maximus
•adductor magnus
(inferior)
•hamstrings

28. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Knee Flexors (hamstrings)
•semitendinosus
•semimembranosus
•biceps femoris (2 heads)
Hip Extenders (quadriceps)
•rectus femoris
•vastus lateralis, medialis &
intermedialis

29. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
Ankle Dorsi-Flexion
Ankle Plantar-Flexion
?
?

30. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
?
?

31. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Internal Rotation
Shoulder External Rotation
?
?

32. JointJoint ActionAction
PrimaryPrimary
MusculatureMusculature
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
?
?

33. Journal review:Journal review:
1.1. Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you toTittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to
teach and coach?teach and coach?
2.2. Author : Ross SandersAuthor : Ross Sanders
3.3. Year : 1993Year : 1993
4.4. Source: New Zealand Journal of PhysicalSource: New Zealand Journal of Physical
Education and Recreation, Vol. 26(1)Education and Recreation, Vol. 26(1)
5.5. MethodsMethods
6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why”6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why”
questions (each in one paragraph)questions (each in one paragraph)
(1 page A4 size only)(1 page A4 size only)

34. Assignment:
Please complete questiion 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Submit during your laboratory session