In relevant anatomical techniques, there are four basic different imaging techniques as: ultrasound, radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The techniques have been helpful in basic and clinical sciences for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.

1. ANATOMICAL IMAGING
TECHNIQUES (CT AND MRI)
OBAJE GODWIN SUNDAY
ANATOMY, ALEX EKWUEME FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
NDUFU ALIKE, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
+2348068638121, OBAJE199@GMAIL.COM

2. CT
Computerized tomography
CT was invented in 1972 by Eng Godfrey
Hounsfield of EMI lab. England
And, Allan Cormack S/African born
1st clinical CT Scans were installed between
1974 and 1976 respectively.
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3. TYPES OF CT SCANS
CT Spine: To assess injury or abnormalities in
the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine
CT Chest: Detect acute and chronic changes
in the lungs such as fibrosis, emphysema,
and tumor
CT Urograms: Evaluate the kidneys, ureters,
and bladders for cancers
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8. CT SCANS PRINCIPLE
X-ray beam passes through the brain at
many different angles creating many
different images that are then combined
with the use of computing and mathematical
techniques to create a 3D image of the brain
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11. CT SCAN RESULT
A 3D image of the brain
The white border found on CT scan
represents:
The dense skull
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12. CT SCAN RESULT CONTINUED……
The differences in colour seen on CT scans is
the high density areas are very white
CT scan cannot distinguish between gray
matter and white matter
Because the gray matter density doesn't
differ from that of white matter enough
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13. CT SCAN RESULT CONTINUED……
The ventricles cannot be visualized on CT
scans.
Because the fluid in them is far less dense
also, some major fissure in the cortex are
rendered darker
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14. MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI over CT:
MRI doesn't use harmful x-rays
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15. MRI SCANS
A static 3D brain image
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16. MRI PRINCIPLE
Passing a strong magnetic field through the
brain, followed by radio wave then
measuring the radiation emitted from
hydrogen atoms
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17. MRI PRINCIPLE CONTINUED…..
Putting our tissue inside of a giant magnet
that aligns all of our hydrogen atoms then
the radio waves knock the hydrogen atoms
out of the alignment then measures the
radiation given off by the hydrogen atoms
when they move back in line
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18. MRI PRINCIPLE CONTINUED…..
MRI scans differentiate:
1. Gray and white matter
2. Measure blood flow (oxygenated vs. non-
oxygenated areas)
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19. MRI PRINCIPLE CONTINUED…..
Contrast in MRI depend on:
The density of hydrogen atoms in the tissue
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20. MRI PRINCIPLE CONTINUED…..
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) detects:
The directional movement of water
molecules
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21. DTI
DTI used for:
To image nerve fibre pathways in the brain
and to delineate abnormalities in neural
pathways
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22. MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
(MRS)
MRI method used to determine the
concentration of brain metabolites
Detecting persisting abnormalities in brain
metabolism in disorders
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