Biology: Plant Behaviour
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Plants respond to various external stimuli through tropisms and rhythmic behaviors. Tropisms are plant growth responses to stimuli like light, gravity, touch, and water. For example, phototropism is the growth of a plant towards or away from light due to the plant hormone auxin. Auxin levels determine which side of the plant grows more, causing it to bend. Rhythmic behaviors follow circadian rhythms or responses to day length, influencing behaviors like flowering times in short-day or long-day plants. Plants use stimuli responses and rhythms to optimize processes like photosynthesis and reproduction.
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Plant movements exist to help plants obtain resources and adapt to their environment. Plants move their organs, such as roots growing downward towards water and shoots growing upward towards light. Other movements include carnivorous plants trapping insects, flowers closing at night, pollen tubes moving towards ovules for fertilization, and stomata opening and closing to regulate transpiration. Understanding these plant movements can help improve crop production by manipulating the environment or internal control mechanisms.
Coordination 2
Plants can move in response to stimuli through growth movements and turgor movements. Growth movements include autonomic movements controlled by the plant itself and paratonic movements induced by external stimuli like light, moisture, gravity, chemicals, and touch. Paratonic movements include tropic movements where the plant grows toward or away from a stimulus, as well as nastic movements resulting from changes in turgor pressure. Tropic movements are mediated by plant hormones like auxins, which promote cell growth and cause plants to bend toward or away from a stimulus depending on its concentration. Auxins also influence other growth processes like apical dominance, adventitious root growth, fruit development and ripening, and weed control.
Chemical co ordination
Plants show two types of movements - tropic movements which are directional responses to stimuli and involve growth, and nastic movements which are non-directional and do not involve growth. Tropic movements include phototropism, hydrotropism, chemotropism, geotropism, and thigmotropism in response to light, water, chemicals, gravity, and touch respectively. Plant growth and development is regulated by plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid which promote or inhibit growth. Auxins promote cell elongation, rooting, flowering, and fruit development while inhibiting leaf and fruit abscission. Gib
Plant hormones
Plants respond and grow towards beneficial stimuli like light, water and gravity through a process called tropism. Tropisms are controlled by plant hormones called auxins that cause unequal growth. In roots, auxins concentrate on the lower side in response to gravity, causing the root to grow upwards. In shoots, auxins also concentrate on the lower side, causing the shoot to grow downward towards the ground. This allows plants to effectively seek out resources like light, water and nutrients.
Coordination in plants
The topic "Coordination in Plants" contains Nastic and Tropic movements in plants and phytohormones for class X CBSE and other board students.
Nastic movment
Nastic movements are plant movements that are independent of external stimuli and are controlled by internal mechanisms. There are two types of nastic movements: growth movements which are permanent, and turgor movements which are temporary and reversible.
Some examples of specific nastic movements include nyctinasty, which is the opening and closing of plant organs in response to day and night cycles. Seismonasty is the movement of plants in response to physical disturbances like touch or wind. Thigmonastic movements occur in response to touch but without regard to the direction of the stimulus, as seen in insect-trapping plants. Hydronasty is the movement of plants in response to atmospheric moisture.
Plant Control And Coordination.pptx
Plants coordinate their activities through two types of movement - one dependent on growth, the other independent. Growth-dependent movement, like a seedling root growing down and stem up, is directional. Non-growth movement, exemplified by the sensitive plant's leaves folding when touched, occurs through electrical-chemical signals that cause cell shape changes via water movement within cells. Plants also coordinate long-term responses to stimuli like light through directional growth known as tropisms, such as phototropism where shoots bend towards light and roots away from it.
control-and-coordination-in-plants-x.ppt
1. The document discusses different types of plant movement including growth-related, growth-independent, and tropic movements.
2. It provides the example of Mimosa pudica, whose leaves fold when touched due to a loss of water from pulvini, pressure-based structures at the leaf bases.
3. Plants can respond immediately to stimuli through electrical-chemical pathways between cells that cause changes in cell shape and plant movement.
Control and coordination in plants
Plants respond to things like light, gravity, touch, water etc. These are environmental stimuli for a plant. Plants coordinate their behavior by using their hormones and respond to the environmental changes. This they do by affecting the growth of a plant.
Powepoint-plant physiology part 2.pdf
Plants are dynamic!
Many physiological processes occur in each part of the
plant
Materials are transported through specialized conducting
systems
Energy is harnessed from the sun through photosynthesis
to forms sugars and other storage products
Stored foods are broken down to yield chemical energy
Reception and response
This document discusses stimulus-response mechanisms in organisms. It defines key terms like stimulus, response, and coordination. It describes common external and internal stimuli and how organisms coordinate responses through receptors and effectors. Locomotory responses to stimuli are called taxes, including phototaxis, chemotaxis, aerotaxis, etc. Growth responses in plants are called tropisms, like phototropism, geotropism, and hydrotropism. Tropisms are influenced by plant hormones like auxins. The document compares taxes and tropisms, and also discusses nastic responses in plants mediated by changes in turgor pressure.
Interaction in plants
Plants react to stimuli in three main ways: tropisms, nastic movements, and changes in vital processes. Tropisms are directional growth responses to stimuli like light, gravity, water, and touch. Nastic movements involve rapid reversible movements of plant parts in response to light or touch. Changes in vital processes alter processes like flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop in response to seasonal factors such as temperature, daylight hours, and length of night.
Anaya interaction in plants
Plants react to stimuli in three main ways: tropisms, nastic movements, and changes in vital processes. Tropisms are directional growth responses to stimuli like light, gravity, water, and touch. Nastic movements involve rapid reversible movements of plant parts in response to light or touch. Changes in vital processes alter processes like flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop in response to seasonal factors such as temperature, daylight hours, and length of night.
Biology - Chp 23-25 - Selected Plant Topics - PowerPoint
The document discusses specialized tissues in plants including roots, stems, leaves, and vascular tissue. It describes leaf structures like the mesophyll and stomata. Stomata are controlled by guard cells and regulate gas exchange and transpiration. The reproduction of gymnosperms and angiosperms is discussed, including the structures of cones, flowers, and the process of pollination. Various plant hormones are also outlined, including auxins, cytokines, gibberellins and ethylene, and how they influence processes like cell elongation, division, growth, ripening, and tropisms. Photoperiodism and dormancy in plants are briefly explained.
Maklumat Lanjut Tumbuhan
The document discusses specialized tissues in plants including roots, stems, leaves, and vascular tissue. It describes leaf structures like the mesophyll and stomata. Stomata are controlled by guard cells and regulate gas exchange and transpiration. The reproduction processes of gymnosperms and angiosperms are examined, including cones, flowers, pollination, and the roles of sepals, petals, stamata, and pistils. Plant hormones like auxins, cytokins, gibberellins and ethylene are described and their effects on processes like cell elongation, division, growth, ripening and tropisms. Photoperiodism influences seasonal activities and dormancy allows plants to survive cold periods.
Control and coordination in plants by Dr. T.V. Preethi
This document discusses plant movements, which are divided into movements of locomotion and movements of curvature. Movements of locomotion involve the whole plant or parts moving from one place to another, and include autonomous movements like cytoplasmic streaming as well as induced movements in response to stimuli. Movements of curvature involve bending or coiling of plant parts without changing position, and can be autonomous due to growth differences or induced by external stimuli. Induced movements include tropisms like phototropism in response to light, as well as nastic movements whose direction is determined by the plant and not the stimulus, such as opening and closing of leaves and flowers.
Plant movements
Topics covered:- Hygroscopic, Endogenous and Exogenous source for plant movement, Types of Endogenous movements, Tropism, Taxis, Nastic movement and Kinesis with examples.
Tropism.ppt
Plants grow and bend in response to external stimuli through a process called tropism. There are several types of tropism, including phototropism (response to light), geotropism (response to gravity), and hydrotropism (response to water). Geotropism causes roots to grow downward and stems to grow upward, while phototropism causes plant parts to grow toward or away from light. Tropisms allow plants to effectively absorb water, minerals and light via controlled growth. Hormones play a key role in tropisms by regulating plant cell growth.
Tropism 2013 7th Grade
Plant movements in response to stimuli are called tropisms. There are several types of tropisms that allow plants to optimize their growth and survival, including phototropism (growth toward light), geotropism (growth away from gravity for stems, toward gravity for roots), and hydrotropism (growth toward water). These tropisms help plants absorb essential resources like light, water, and nutrients. Plants also exhibit fast, reversible nastic movements in response to touch or predators through mechanisms like Venus flytraps.
Plant hormones
This document discusses different types of plant hormones and their functions. It identifies the main plant hormones as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid and describes what each regulates, such as cell elongation, growth, ripening, and stress response. It also covers tropisms that direct plant growth in response to stimuli like light, gravity, touch, and water. Photoperiodicity, or the response to day length, influences flowering and is categorized into long day, short day, and neutral day plants.
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Biology - Chp 23-25 - Selected Plant Topics - PowerPoint
Biology - Chp 23-25 - Selected Plant Topics - PowerPoint
Control and coordination in plants by Dr. T.V. Preethi
Control and coordination in plants by Dr. T.V. Preethi
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Junior Science: PHYSICS (States of matter), homemade ice-cream activity.
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I stand here Ironing, summary.
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Biology: Plant Behaviour
- 1. Plant Behaviour Chapter 11 (Behavioural Adaptions) page. 362.
- 3. What do plants need to survive?
- 4. Tropisms External factors that influence plant growth and development: Light, gravity, touch, water. Tropism: The growth of a plant in response to the direction of a stimulus, such as light, gravity, or touch. Positive tropism: Plant grows towards a stimulus Negative tropism: Plant grows away from a stimulus
- 5. Phototropism: direction of light as a stimulus When a plant moves or grows in response to light. Movement towards light = Positive or negative phototropism?
- 7. Phototropism: direction of light as a stimulus Charles Darwin (1809-1882) found that he could prevent phototropism by covering the growing tips of seedlings (coleoptiles). Conclusion: The tip of the coleoptile influences the bending that occurs in phototropism.
- 8. Phototropism: direction of light as a stimulus We now know: The plant hormone auxin is produced in the tip of a coleoptile that causes growth of cells. The tip is the site of reception of the light stimulus. Auxin moves away from the light source to the darker side of the tip. Increased concentration of auxin in cells of that region increase the growth of the cells (greater elongation). The uneven growth of cells results in bending of the coleoptile. Draw diagram.
- 10. Geotropism: direction of gravity as a stimulus Gravity causes most of the auxin produced to accumulate in the lower sides of the horizontal shoot and root. Auxin Stimulates growth of cells in shoots. Inhibits the rate of growth of cells in roots. How do you think the shoots and roots would grow? Draw diagram.
- 13. Thigmotropism: direction of touch as a stimulus E.g. Grapevines- Tendrils and twining parts of the climbing plant wrap around support structures or other plants. The twisting is caused by uneven growth of cells along the tendril as it comes into contact with an object. What do you think happens to the distribution of auxin when a growing plant comes into contact with another object? Draw diagram.
- 15. Heliotropism/Solar Tracking direction of the sun as a stimulus (also time) Also a rhythmic behaviour because direction of the sun depends on the time. Leaves and flowers of many plants are able to move during the day so that they are oriented either perpendicular (at right angle to) or parallel to the sun’s direct rays. How do you think this would assist in survival?
- 17. Rhythmic Behaviour Plants also have a biological clock!
- 18. Rhythmic Behaviour (Time as a stimulus) Circadian rhythm (or circadian cycle) = An activity that follows a 24-hour cycle. Include the opening and closing of flowers, and nectar and perfume production. This kind of movement is called nastic movement: Does not depend on the direction of the stimulus.
- 19. Plants that use a circadian rhythm
- 21. Photoperiodism: The response of plants to particular periods of light and dark. Photoperiod: The relative of day and night length Exposure to “darkness/night-time” is important for the flowering of some plants (can affect the timing of flowering). Short-day plants and long-day plants. Rhythmic Behaviour (time as a stimulus) Nastic Movement: Timing of flowering
- 22. Short-day plants Flower only after being exposed to day lengths that are shorter than a certain critical length. E.g. Chrysanthemums, poinsettia, datura stramonisum.
- 23. Long-day plants Flower only after being exposed to day lengths that are longer than a certain critical length. E.g. Hibiscus, carnations.
- 24. Day-neutral plants Flowering is not influenced by length of exposure to light/darkness. Example: tomatoes, maize, dandelions.
- 25. Key ideas Factors external to a plant influence growth and development of the plant. The direction of response of a plant is sometimes influenced by the direction of the external stimulus. Day-night lengths are critical for some plant activities.