Anaya interaction in plants
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Plants react to stimuli in three main ways: tropisms, nastic movements, and changes in vital processes. Tropisms are directional growth responses to stimuli like light, gravity, water, and touch. Nastic movements involve rapid reversible movements of plant parts in response to light or touch. Changes in vital processes alter processes like flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop in response to seasonal factors such as temperature, daylight hours, and length of night.
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Plants are sensitive to stimuli in their environment and can respond through tropic responses even though they lack nervous systems. The document discusses two main types of tropisms - phototropism where plant stems grow towards light, and gravitropism where stems grow against gravity but roots grow downward with gravity. It explains that these responses allow plants to absorb maximum light through photosynthesis and water/minerals through their roots.
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Plant movements include:
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2. Nutation, which is the differential growth of parts of a plant organ causing bending, seen in tendrils.
3. Nastic movements caused by differences in growth rates of surfaces of a plant organ, causing curvature movements like epinasty and hyponasty.
4. Tropic movements in response to stimuli like gravity (geotropism), light (phototropism), touch (thigmotropism), chemicals (chemotropism), water (hydrotropism
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The document discusses different types of movements in plants. There are two main types of movements: tropic movements and nastic movements. Tropic movements are directional movements towards or away from a stimulus, and include phototropism (response to light), geotropism (response to gravity), hydrotropism (response to water), chemotropism (response to chemicals), and haptotropism (response to touch). Nastic movements are plant movements that are not in response to an external stimulus.
digital album.pptx
The document discusses different types of movements in plants. There are two main types of movements: tropic movements and nastic movements. Tropic movements are directional movements towards or away from a stimulus, and include phototropism (response to light), geotropism (response to gravity), hydrotropism (response to water), chemotropism (response to chemicals), and haptotropism (response to touch). Nastic movements are plant movements that are not in response to an external stimulus.
Tropism
Tropism refers to the growth movements of plants in response to environmental stimuli. There are several types of tropisms:
1) Phototropism is the growth of plants toward light to maximize photosynthesis.
2) Gravitropism causes roots to grow downward and shoots upward in response to gravity.
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Plants can move their body parts towards stimuli like light, water, and nutrients through tropic movements even though they cannot move on their own. There are two types of plant movements - tropic movements which are directional responses towards a stimulus, and nastic movements which are non-directional responses. Some examples of tropic movements explained in the document are phototropism where plants move towards light, geotropism where plant roots grow downward and stems grow upward due to gravity, and chemotropism where plant movements are influenced by chemical substances.
Light
Light is a limiting factor that varies between ecosystems and affects both plants and animals in different ways. It has direct effects like influencing photosynthesis, chlorophyll production, and plant distribution. Light also has indirect effects through processes like transpiration and respiration. Animals are impacted by changes in light through behaviors such as migration, hibernation, and biological clocks that are synchronized with day-night cycles.
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Plants coordinate their activities through two types of movement - one dependent on growth, the other independent. Growth-dependent movement, like a seedling root growing down and stem up, is directional. Non-growth movement, exemplified by the sensitive plant's leaves folding when touched, occurs through electrical-chemical signals that cause cell shape changes via water movement within cells. Plants also coordinate long-term responses to stimuli like light through directional growth known as tropisms, such as phototropism where shoots bend towards light and roots away from it.
Nastic movment
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Some examples of specific nastic movements include nyctinasty, which is the opening and closing of plant organs in response to day and night cycles. Seismonasty is the movement of plants in response to physical disturbances like touch or wind. Thigmonastic movements occur in response to touch but without regard to the direction of the stimulus, as seen in insect-trapping plants. Hydronasty is the movement of plants in response to atmospheric moisture.
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