Biology chapter 31 1 reptiles
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Reptiles are ectothermic animals that rely on the environment to regulate their body temperature. They lay amniotic eggs that have a protective shell and membranes, allowing embryonic development on land outside of water. Reptiles have key adaptations for terrestrial living including lungs, a four-chambered heart, efficient excretion, limbs for movement, internal fertilization, and shelled eggs. The four main groups of modern reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara.
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Biology chapter 31 1 reptiles
Reptiles are ectothermic animals that rely on their environment to regulate body temperature. They lay amniotic eggs protected by shells and membranes that allow embryonic development out of water. Reptiles have key adaptations for living on land including well-developed lungs, a double-loop circulatory system, and shelled terrestrial eggs. The four main groups of surviving reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara.
Chapter five Aminots.ppt
The document summarizes amniotes and their evolution. It discusses:
1) Amniotes are tetrapods with an amniotic egg, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The amniotic egg allowed reproduction on land.
2) Modern amniotes are classified as synapsids (mammals), anapsids (turtles), or diapsids (reptiles and birds). Diapsids split into lepidosaurs and archosaurs.
3) Reptiles evolved from amphibians and gained adaptations like scaly skin, internal fertilization, and efficient lungs and kidneys for land survival.
Vertebrates Powerpoint
This document provides information about vertebrate animals, beginning with their taxonomic classification and then describing key characteristics of major vertebrate groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines defining anatomical features for each group as well as examples of orders, classes, and important vocabulary terms.
Vertebratespowerpoint
This document provides information about vertebrate animals, beginning with their taxonomic classification and then describing key characteristics of major vertebrate groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines defining anatomical features for each group as well as examples of orders, classes, and important vocabulary terms.
Integumentary System
The skin consists of two layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that provides protection, temperature regulation, and sensation. It is made of multiple layers with the outermost being dead cornified cells. The dermis lies below the epidermis and is made of connective tissue. It contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and oil and sweat glands. The skin and its appendages provide protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and other important functions for the body.
Phylum_Annelida_2014111111111111111111111.ppt
The annelid phylum includes segmented worms such as earthworms and leeches. Annelids have a segmented body and setae (small bristles). Their body segments are separated by septa. They range greatly in size, from microscopic to over 20 feet long. Annelids have a complete digestive system and most breathe through their skin. They also have a closed circulatory system and excrete waste through nephridia. Annelids reproduce both sexually and asexually. The three main classes of annelids are Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea.
AP Biology Vertebrate Evolution
Here are the primary features that separate each new clade:
- Craniates: Have a head
- Vertebrates: Have a backbone
- Gnathostomes: Have jaws
- Tetrapods: Have limbs and feet
- Amniotes: Have an amniotic egg
- Mammals: Produce milk and have hair
- Primates: Large brains and forward-facing eyes
- Humans: Increased brain volume and shorter jaws
External Body conformation parts of chicken.pptx
Morphology
Birds have no teeth and lips
Beak is used for prehension purpose i.e., eating and drinking as well as protection and self defence
No urinary bladder
They can fly and some can swim & float
No sweat glands
The body of the fowl is profusely covered with feathers, such as the body feathers, flight feathers, tail feathers and sickle feathers.
Filoplumes – hair like structures present at the root of feathers.
Scales – rough projections of skin
Function of feathers and scales is to maintain the body temperature and also protects against abrasions and bruises.
The domestic fowl resorts to flight only occasionally.
Head carries a horny beak, nostrils, a pair of eyes, ears and the comb & wattles.
The comb is fleshy, large and brightly coloured in males. There are many types of comb patterns in fowls. Among these, single comb, rose comb, pea comb patterns are present in most of the present-day breeds
Function of comb and wattles is regulating body temperature
No diaphragm to inflate and deflate the lungs to aid in respiration
Instead, they have air sacs and some bones are hollow and are called as pneumatic bones to aid respiration during flight.
Gaseous exchange occurs in lungs whereas airsacs functions as organs to move the air in and out of the body.
The body is supported by two limbs, which end in toes.
The other pair of limbs of the tetrapod construction is modified to form the wings.
The body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.
The cloaca is situated behind the supporting limbs usually covered by tail feathers. Waste and metabolites from digestive and urinary tract are excreted from the single orifice
Likewise, there are 3 types of body shapes among the different breeds of fowl, which is a feature related to the performance of the fowl. Good egg layers have triangular body, rectangular body for dual-purpose and round body for meat purpose.
Skeletal system
The skeleton serves as a framework for the body, for the attachment of muscles and protects vital organs.
Like that of other birds, the skeleton of the domestic fowl is very light in weight.
Head is very small and the bones are reduced and hollow.
Vertebrae Man / bovines Domestic fowl
Cervical 7 14 very high mobility and flexibility------maintenance of neck and head movement
Thoracic 12 7 fused bones ---connected to sternum & ribs to form ribcage, overlapping flaps from the ribs are called uncinate processes
Lumbar 9 fused bones
Sacral 6 fused bones and also fused with caudal bones to form synsacrum
Caudal 4 bones fused together called as pygostyle.
The cervical vertebrae support the neck and they are arranged in such a way that there is enough room for the fine movement of the head and neck in all directions for eating, care of plumage, defence and other purposes.
The backbone shows much fusion of vertebrae. Ribs are seven paired, and they are joined ventrally to the sternum and dorsally to the vertebral column.
Arthropods
A presentation about Arthropods, its general morphology, life cycle, and habitat. This presentation also covers the first three subphyla which are Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, and Crustacea. The role of arthropods in disease transmission is also covered in the slides.
Vertebrates 9
Vertebrates are chordates that have a backbone. They are divided into several subclasses. Craniates are chordates that have a head. Vertebrates are craniates that have a backbone enclosed in vertebrae around the spinal cord. Gnathostomes are jawed vertebrates that have jaws and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Mammals are amniotes that have hair and produce milk to nourish their young.
Classification of Arthopoda pdf new file bsc chemistry b
This document provides an overview of the phylum Arthropoda by discussing their key characteristics and classifications. It notes that arthropods make up 84% of animal species and are found in every habitat. They are defined by having jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, and a segmented body. The phylum contains four subphyla including crustaceans, chelicerates like spiders and scorpions, centipedes and millipedes, and insects. Examples of characteristics and classifications within these groups are described in detail.
Phylum Gastropoda
The document summarizes key aspects of gastropods (snails and slugs):
- Gastropods undergo a process called torsion in development where the visceral mass and mantle cavity twist 180 degrees, positioning organs and openings optimally for protection and function.
- Most gastropod shells coil asymmetrically into a compact form to accommodate internal organs.
- Gastropods use their muscular foot for locomotion and have various feeding, digestive, gas exchange, sensory, excretory and reproductive systems adapted for their habitats.
- With over 35,000 species, gastropods occupy a wide range of marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats and fill important ecological roles.
Period 2 (phyla) 2016
The document discusses several animal phyla including Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. It provides information on the characteristics, habitats, reproduction, nutrition, cell structure, examples of organisms, and importance to humans for each phylum.
1. Protection, Support, and Movement.pptx
These slides contain the information regarding the various integumentary system of the living organisms. The data is retrieved from Hickman's Integrated Principles of Zoology
Lecture on arthropods and echinoderms.ppt
The document discusses the phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. It describes their key characteristics such as a jointed exoskeleton made of chitin, jointed limbs, and growth through molting. Arthropods are the largest and most diverse phylum, making up over 75% of animal species, mostly insects. Their success is attributed to traits like metamerism, tagmatization, their exoskeleton, hemocoel circulatory system, and ability to undergo metamorphosis. The phylum contains five subphyla characterized by their body plans, appendages, and habitats.
Flatworm.pptx
Here are the answers to the flatworm quiz:
1. Phylum Platyhelminthes
2. Platy means “flat” and helminth means “worm”
3. Nephridium
4. Ecto or endoparasitic and few are free-living (usually aquatic)
5. Bilateral symmetrical
6. Non-parasitic flatworm respire through their body surface while parasitic worms absorb the host’s digested food through body wall.
7. Sexually and asexually
8. Body cavity and acoelomate
PART 2
1. Class Turbellaria - includes non-parasitic and aquatic flatworm (marine flatworm
12 chordata
The document provides an introduction to the phylum Chordata, including three key unifying themes: 1) Chordates evolved from invertebrates but display innovations, 2) Chordates exhibit physical and behavioral specializations through evolution, and 3) Evolutionary innovations led to adaptive radiations. It describes five key characteristics of chordates - notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, muscle blocks, and postanal tail. It then discusses the three subphyla of chordates - invertebrate Urochordata and Cephalochordata, and vertebrate Vertebrata. Vertebrates exhibit all five chordate characteristics and have additional defining features like an endos
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals without backbones and make up a large portion of the animal kingdom. They can be divided into several phyla including porifera (sponges), cnidaria (jellyfish and corals), annelids (earthworms and leeches), molluscs (snails, mussels, octopuses), arthropods (insects, crustaceans, spiders), and echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins). Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton or no skeleton at all, and they display a variety of body forms, life cycles, diets, and habitats both on land and sea.
The earth biology 4
The document summarizes the main kingdoms of life - Animalia and Plantae. It describes the key groups within the animal kingdom - vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and invertebrates. Each animal group is defined briefly, noting distinguishing characteristics. The plant kingdom section defines plants and notes they obtain energy from photosynthesis using chlorophyll and reproduce sexually.
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Classification of Arthopoda pdf new file bsc chemistry b
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Biology chapter 31 1 reptiles
- 2. Ectotherm • Animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control body temperatures
- 3. Amniotic egg • Egg composed of shell and membranes that create a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of the water
- 4. Carapace • In crustaceans, the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax ; in turtles and tortoises the dorsal part of the shell
- 5. Plastron • Ventral part if a turtle’s or tortoise’s shell.
- 6. Key Concepts • A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.
- 7. Key concept • Well- developed lungs; a double-loop circulatory system; a water-conserving excretory system; strong limbs; internal fertilization; and shelled, terrestrial eggs are the other adaptations that have contributed to the success of reptiles on land.
- 8. Key concept • The four surviving groups of reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles, tortoises, and the tuatara.