Biofungicide by vimalpriyasubramanian
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The document discusses biofungicides, which are biologically active substances derived from organisms that prevent and treat plant diseases. There are three main types of biofungicides: agricultural antibiotics produced through microbial fermentation, bacteria-based fungicides like Bacillus subtilis that inhibit fungi and promote growth, and fungal fungicides including Trichoderma species that control various plant pathogens. Biofungicides have advantages over chemical fungicides in that their active ingredients are naturally occurring microorganisms that are less toxic and help improve soil health.
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Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
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2. Common pesticides that are biodegraded include the soil fumigant methyl bromide, the herbicide dalapon, and the fungicide chloroneb.
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- PGPR are bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and provide benefits to plants. An important function is solubilizing insoluble phosphate minerals making phosphorus available for plant uptake.
- Common insoluble phosphates include tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Bacteria secrete organic acids like lactic acid and acetic acid to solubilize these minerals.
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2. The amount of disease is determined by the interaction between the host, pathogen, and environment, known as the disease triangle. Control strategies aim to reduce one or more components of this interaction.
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This document discusses biopesticides, which are pesticides derived from natural materials like plants, bacteria, and minerals. It describes different types of biopesticides including microbial biopesticides which use microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to control pests. The document outlines advantages like lower toxicity compared to chemical pesticides as well as disadvantages like limited effectiveness against multiple pest types. It also discusses recent advances in biopesticide development through recombinant DNA technology.
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(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
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Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
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•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
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Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
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Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
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This document discusses the mass production of the biofertilizer Rhizobium. It begins by describing Rhizobium as a soil bacteria that colonizes legume roots and fixes atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically. It then outlines the process of mass producing Rhizobium inoculant, which involves culturing the microorganisms, processing a carrier material like peat soil, and mixing the culture broth with the sterile carrier before packing. Key equipment for production include an autoclave, laminar flow chamber, incubator, and fermentor. Proper storage and application to seeds or seedlings is also covered.
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1. Biodegradation is the process by which microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down pesticides into non-toxic substances.
2. Common pesticides that are biodegraded include the soil fumigant methyl bromide, the herbicide dalapon, and the fungicide chloroneb.
3. For effective biodegradation, organisms must be able to degrade the pesticide, the pesticide must be bioavailable, and soil conditions must support microbial growth. Strategies to enhance biodegradation include biostimulation, bioventing, and bioaugmentation.
Types of biofertilizers
1. The document discusses various types of biofertilizers including Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and organic matter decomposers.
2. It describes how each works to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or decompose organic matter to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth.
3. The advantages of biofertilizers are that they can replace chemical fertilizers, are pollution free, and help increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health.
Phosphate solubilizers
This document discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Some key points:
- PGPR are bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and provide benefits to plants. An important function is solubilizing insoluble phosphate minerals making phosphorus available for plant uptake.
- Common insoluble phosphates include tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Bacteria secrete organic acids like lactic acid and acetic acid to solubilize these minerals.
- Successful phosphate solubilizing bacteria include species from Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium genera. Screening methods involve checking for clearing zones
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This document provides an introduction to biopesticides, their types and uses. It discusses that biopesticides are formulations made from naturally occurring substances that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms. The main types discussed are microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, botanical pesticides, and biotic agents. Specific microbial pesticides described include Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma fungi. The document concludes by stating that biopesticides are generally safer and more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides, though they may be less effective and require suitable conditions.
Use of Pseudomonas fluoroscens as biocontrol agent
This document discusses the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biocontrol agent. P. fluorescens is a common soil bacterium that acts as a biological control agent against various plant pathogens through multiple modes of action, including antibiotic production, siderophore production, induced systemic resistance, competition, and hydrogen cyanide production. It can also promote plant growth. The document provides details on the isolation, multiplication, and use of P. fluorescens as a biocontrol agent.
Control of plant diseases
Control of plant diseases can be achieved through various methods:
1. Breeding resistant plant varieties, using chemicals and altering the environment for protection, and implementing quarantine and regulatory measures to control the spread of diseases.
2. The amount of disease is determined by the interaction between the host, pathogen, and environment, known as the disease triangle. Control strategies aim to reduce one or more components of this interaction.
3. Common control methods include using resistant plant varieties, biological controls like antagonistic microorganisms, cultural practices that manipulate the environment, legislative controls on movement of plants/materials, and application of pesticides and fungicides.
microbial insecticides
Microbial insecticides offer an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest control. They include bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), fungi, viruses, protozoa, nematodes, and actinomycetes. Bt is the most widely used and produces crystal proteins that are toxic once ingested by the target insect. Other common microbial insecticides include Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, and the actinomycete insecticides avermectins, milbemycins, and spinosad. Microbial insecticides have advantages like being non-toxic to humans and wildlife but also have disadvantages like being pest-
Microbial inoculant
This ppt tells the story of a boy who has to complete his homework which is about microbial inoculation. through this story one can learn about types of inoculants and microbial inoculant uses in agriculture.
Pgpr
The document discusses Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), including their importance and role in agriculture. It defines PGPR, classifies them into two types, and describes their mechanisms of action such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and phytohormone production. The document outlines PGPR's role as phytostimulators, in abiotic stress tolerance, as biofertilizers, and biopesticides. It discusses the commercialization and future research of PGPR to potentially replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Saif ppt phosphate solubilisation
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) such as bacteria and fungi play an important role in solubilizing insoluble phosphate in soil and making it available to plants. PSM secrete organic acids and enzymes that lower soil pH and chelate cations, converting insoluble phosphate into soluble forms that plants can absorb. While phosphorus is essential for plant growth, much of the phosphorus in soil is unavailable to plants; PSM help address phosphorus deficiency by increasing the soluble phosphorus content of soil. Further research is needed to develop methods for commercializing PSM as biofertilizers to provide a more sustainable alternative to inorganic phosphate fertilizers.
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Similar to Biofungicide by vimalpriyasubramanian
Biopesticides
Introduction of biopesticides, advantages & disadvantages, types, applications and examples of biopesticides
Biopesticides
This document discusses biopesticides, which are pesticides derived from natural materials like plants, bacteria, and minerals. It describes different types of biopesticides including microbial biopesticides which use microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to control pests. The document outlines advantages like lower toxicity compared to chemical pesticides as well as disadvantages like limited effectiveness against multiple pest types. It also discusses recent advances in biopesticide development through recombinant DNA technology.
Biopesticides
Biopesticides are naturally occurring substances from certain plants, animals, bacteria, and minerals that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms. They include microbial pesticides from organisms like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and fungal pesticides like Beauveria bassiana. Biochemical pesticides also interfere with insect mating through sex pheromones. While biopesticides are less toxic than chemical pesticides, they also have drawbacks like being less persistent and requiring specialized application knowledge. When used as part of integrated pest management, biopesticides can greatly reduce reliance on conventional pesticides while maintaining crop yields.
roleoffungiasbiocontrolagents-191117095847.pdf
Fungi can serve as effective biocontrol agents for controlling plant diseases. Some fungi, such as species of Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Ampelomyces, and Coniothyrium produce enzymes or antibiotics that directly inhibit plant pathogens through antagonism. Other fungi indirectly control pathogens by competing for space and nutrients or inducing resistance in plants. Trichoderma is a commonly used biocontrol agent that employs mechanisms like mycoparasitism, competition, and inducing plant defenses to reduce pathogen populations and disease severity. Biological control using fungi provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to disease management in agriculture.
Role of fungi as biocontrol agents
Fungi can be used as biocontrol agents to control plant diseases. Some key fungal biocontrol agents include Trichoderma species, Gliocladium virens, Coniothyrium minitans, and Ampelomyces quisqualis. Trichoderma reduces plant pathogens through direct antagonism mechanisms like mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition. Commercial products containing Trichoderma are used as biopesticides. Fungal biocontrol agents can also be used to control nematodes, insects, and other pests through parasitism and production of toxins. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus used as a biological insecticide against various insect
FUNGI AS BIOCONTROL AGENT.pptx
- Fungi can be effective biocontrol agents for controlling plant pathogens and insect pests. They compete for nutrients and space with pathogens, produce toxins, and act as parasites.
- Beauveria bassiana is a commonly used fungal biocontrol agent that naturally infects many arthropod species. It is commercially developed as an insecticide under the name Panther BB.
- While biocontrol reduces pesticide use and is environmentally friendly, it also has disadvantages like high production costs, requirement for additional control methods, and difficulty mass producing some agents. Overall, biocontrol provides a sustainable alternative to chemicals for integrated pest management.
Biofertilizer and biopesticides
This document discusses biofertilizers and biopesticides as alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It notes that while chemical fertilizers boosted agriculture in the 20th century, they also caused environmental problems. Biofertilizers using beneficial microorganisms can increase yields without harm. They fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus. Types include Rhizobium for legumes and Azotobacter for non-legumes. Biocompost is an organic fertilizer made from sugar industry waste. Biopesticides are biochemical pesticides from natural sources like bacteria, fungi and plants. They control pests non-toxically through mechanisms like insect sex pheromones or plant extracts in traps. They are usually less
Agricultural microbiology
The document provides an introduction to agricultural microbiology. It discusses key topics including:
1) Major findings in the last decade involving soluble phosphate fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and controlling plant diseases with microorganisms.
2) Types of microbial inoculants including their effects on plant growth and composition.
3) Mixed inoculants and microbial consortiums providing nutrients and stimulating growth.
4) Main contributions including biofertilizers and biopesticides, describing various types of both.
Biopesticides
Biopesticides are derived from natural materials like plants, bacteria, and minerals. They control pests through non-toxic mechanisms rather than directly killing them like synthetic pesticides. There are several types of biopesticides including microbial pesticides from bacteria or fungi, plant-incorporated protectants from genetically engineered plants, and biochemical pesticides that interfere with pest reproduction. While biopesticides are usually less toxic and more targeted than chemical pesticides, they also tend to have slower effects and lack persistence compared to synthetic alternatives. Proper formulation and application are important for biopesticides to be effective pest control agents. One common example is Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil-dwelling bacterium used in biological
What are the Organic Farming Bio Pesticides
Bio-pesticides are natural derivatives that are made by using biological raw materials, sourced from animals, plants, microbial organisms, and minerals. The Biopesticides are tailored to be used in liquid and dry formulations and are highly efficient in killing pests, weeds, and other pathogens. The adoption of Biopesticides is witnessing modest growth as Biopesticides do not contain hazardous and toxic chemicals in their structure. There is a few amount of use of inputs, like fungicides, herbicides, and organic pesticides for agriculture. It ensures crop health and secures it from pests and insects.
What are the benefits of using Biopesticides in agriculture
Biopesticides are pesticides made from natural materials like bacteria, animals, plants, and some minerals. Canola oil and baking soda, for instance, are Biopesticides because they can be used as pesticides. There were approximately 780 registered Biopesticides products and 195 registered active ingredients at the end of 2001.
Industrial microbiology,
Industrial microbiology uses microorganisms grown on a large scale to produce products or carry out chemical transformations. It originated with alcoholic fermentation and later included processes like pharmaceutical, food additive, enzyme, and chemical production. Useful industrial microbes rapidly grow on inexpensive media, produce the desired product quickly without being pathogenic, and are amenable to genetic manipulation. Natural fermentation utilizes soil microbes to improve agriculture through biofertilizers and biopesticides that assist plant growth while controlling weeds, pests, and diseases. Viruses and fungi found in soil are also developed into bioinsecticides to naturally control insect pests as alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
Biopesticide
This document discusses biopesticides and their advantages over conventional chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as pesticides derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria and certain minerals. The document then covers various types of biopesticides including biochemical pesticides that use semiochemicals, hormones and plant regulators; microbial pesticides that use bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa; and plant-incorporated protectants that use genetic engineering to induce pest resistance. Examples are provided for different biopesticides and their modes of action are explained, highlighting their effectiveness and eco-friendly nature compared to chemical pesticides.
Biopesticides
This document discusses biopesticides as an alternative to chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as compounds that manage agricultural pests through specific biological effects. Biopesticides are derived from animals, plants, and microorganisms and are less harmful than chemicals. They are more target specific and decompose quickly, leaving few residues. The document describes several important biopesticides used in India including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which kills pest larvae; Trichoderma, effective against soil-borne diseases; Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, fungi that infect and kill insects; and Trichogramma wasps that parasitize eggs of lepidopter
Biopesticide
This document discusses biopesticides as an alternative to traditional chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as pesticides derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria and certain minerals. The three main types are microbial, plant, and biochemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides contain microorganisms like bacteria, fungi or viruses to control pests. Plant pesticides use genetic material from plants to produce natural pesticides. Biochemical pesticides use substances that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms like growth regulators. Commonly used biopesticides discussed are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), neem extracts, trichoderma fungi and baculoviruses. The advantages of biopesticides
What are the benefits and impacts of Organic Biopesticides use
Organic Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as bacteria, plants, animals, and certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda have sendriya pesticide applications and are considered Biopesticides. Biopesticides are mostly inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides. Biopesticides normally affect only the target pest and closely associated organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional Organic pesticides that may affect organisms as dissimilar as birds, insects and mammals.
bacillus biocontol.pptx
This document discusses the production of various biocontrol agents including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It provides details on isolating, identifying morphological characteristics, and mass multiplying these bacteria. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens are discussed in more depth, outlining their use as biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens through mechanisms like antibiotic production, siderophore production, and induction of systemic resistance in plants.
Control of fungal plant pathogens by using mycofungicides
Control of fungal plant pathogens by using mycofungicides
Niranjay,,,microial pest
This document discusses microbial insecticides. It defines microbial insecticides as naturally occurring or genetically modified pathogens that reduce insect pest populations, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. There are four main types: bacterial, fungal, protozoan and viral insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis is a commonly used bacterial insecticide produced through fermentation. Microbial insecticides are advantageous because they are non-toxic, target-specific, and eco-friendly compared to chemical insecticides which can harm non-target species and pollute the environment.
Biopesticides
This document discusses biopesticides, which are pesticides derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. There are five main categories of biopesticides: microbial pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants, biochemical pesticides, botanical pesticides, and biotic agents. Microbial pesticides use microorganisms like Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma fungi to control pests. Botanical pesticides derive from plants like neem and use compounds like azadirachtin. Biopesticides are less toxic, biodegradable and safer for the environment than chemical pesticides.
Similar to Biofungicide by vimalpriyasubramanian (20)
What are the benefits of using Biopesticides in agriculture
What are the benefits of using Biopesticides in agriculture
What are the benefits and impacts of Organic Biopesticides use
What are the benefits and impacts of Organic Biopesticides use
Control of fungal plant pathogens by using mycofungicides
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Biofungicide by vimalpriyasubramanian
- 1. biofungicide Vimalpriya subramanian 2nd msc botany 18mbo027 Psgr.krishnammal college for women
- 2. What is biofungicides? • Bio-sourced fungicides refer to the direct use of biologically active substances produced by biological organisms or biological metabolic processes or substances extracted from orgorganisms as a disease prevention and treatment. • The concept of biological pesticides is vague and can be considered equivalent to biologically derived fungicides.
- 3. • The bio fungicide currently developed are basically microbial fungicides of bacteria, fungi and antibiotics, mainly including agricultural antibiotics, bacterial fungicides, fungal fungicides and viral fungicides. Microbial fungicides mainly inhibit the energy production of pathogens, interfere with biosynthesis and destroy cell structure, have strong compatibility and low toxicity, others also have the effect of stimulating plant growth.
- 4. Some exmple of bio fungicides
- 5. Kinds of Biofungicides 1. Agricultural Antibiotics 2. Bacteria Fungicide 3. Fungal Fungicide
- 6. 1. Agricultural Antibiotics • Agricultural antibiotic bactericides are secondary metabolites produced by microbial fermentation processes that inhibit or kill plant pathogens and regulate crop growth and development at low concentrations. • For example, Kasugamycin, Jinggangmycin, Polyoxymycin and Streptomycin. • At present, agricultural antibiotic fungicides are the leading force of biocides.
- 7. 2. Bacteria Fungicide • Bacillus spp. has a wide variety of resources and abundant resources. The formation of spores makes them adaptable and resistant to stress, easy to industrialize production and storage, and has great potential for application. • Bacillus subtilis has a good control effect on the plant pathogenic bacteria Fusarium and Rhizoctonia, and at the same time has the functions of preventing disease and promoting crop growth.
- 8. Cont.. • Because of the variety of bacteria, large quantities, rapid reproduction, and easy artificial culture and control, the research and development of bacterial fungicides has great prospects.
- 9. 3. Fungal Fungicide • The most widely studied and applied fungal fungicides are Trichoderma spp. The inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by Trichoderma has been discovered. • It has good effect on resistance to various diseases such as blight, sclerotinia, pythium and botrytis. And have remarkable ability to adapt to bad soil environments & improve soil condition
- 10. Advantages of Biofungicides • Looking specifically at biofungicides, these products have proven to help reduce the damage caused by diseases and pests including fungi and disease-causing bacteria. • Many of the microorganisms that make up biofungicide sare naturally occurring in soils. These microorganisms are isolated and enhanced to provide growers with a new tool for their disease management plans that differ from conventional products.
- 11. Thanking you