Forest stands established by planting or/and seeding in the process of afforestation or reforestation. They are either of introduced species (all planted stands), or intensively managed stands of indigenous species, which meet all the following criteria: one or two species at planting, even age class, regular spacing.

1. CLASSIFICATION
OF MAN-MADE
FOREST:
VIMAL PRIYA SUBRAMANIAN

3. ABOUT MAN-MADE FOREST:
Forest stands established by planting or/and seeding in the process of
afforestation or reforestation. They are either of introduced species (all
planted stands), or intensively managed stands of indigenous species,
which meet all the following criteria: one or two species at planting,
even age class, regular spacing.

4. INDUSTRIAL FOREST:
industrial forestry can be defined as the
management of industrial private forest land.
Various definitions of "industrial forest land" are to
be found.
industrial forest landownerships as forest land
owned by forest industry (large companies with or
without mills)

5. CONT….
However, industrial forestry can also be regarded as the purposeful
growing of wood for harvesting and utilization on smaller as well as
large private ownerships or even on public lands dedicated for that
purpose

7. Agroforestry
In agroforestry, silvicultural practices are combined with
agricultural crops like leguminous crop, along with orchard
farming and live stock ranching on the same piece of land.
In lay man language agroforestry could be understood as
growing of forest tree along with agriculture crop on the
same piece of land.

8. CONT...
These are widely found in the humid tropics and are referenced by
different names (forest gardening, forest farming, tropical home
gardens and, where short-statured trees or shrubs dominate, shrub
gardens).
Through a complex, diverse mix of trees, shrubs, vines, and seasonal
crops, these systems achieve the ecological dynamics of a forest
ecosystem. Because of their internal ecology, they tend to be less
susceptible to harmful insects, plant diseases, drought, and wind
damage.

10. CONT....
In a more scientific way agroforestry may be defined as a sustainable
land use system that maintains or increases the total yield by combing
food crop together with forest tree and live stock ranching on the same
unit of land, using management practices that takes care of the social
and culture characteristic of the local people and the economic and
ecological condition of the local area.

12. Social forestry
Social forestry refers to the management and
protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands
with the purpose of helping in the environmental, social
and rural development.
The term, social forestry, was first used in India in 1976
by The National Commission on Agriculture,
Government of India.
It was then that India embarked upon a social forestry
project with the aim of taking the pressure off currently
existing forests by planting trees on all unused and
fallow land.

13. Need of social forestry
This need for a social forestry scheme was felt as India has a dominant rural
population that still depends largely on fuelwood and other biomass for their
cooking and heating.
This demand for fuel wood will not come down but the area under forest will
reduce further due to the growing population and increasing human activities.
Yet the government managed the projects for five years then gave them over
to the village panchayats (village council) to manage for themselves and
generate products or revenue as they saw fit.

15. MONOCULTURE:
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a
single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or
farming system at a time.
Polyculture, where more than one crop is grown in the same space at
the same time, is the alternative to monoculture.
Monoculture is widely used in both industrial farming and organic
farming and has allowed increased efficiency in planting and harvest.

17. CONT.....
Continuous monoculture, or monocropping, where
the same species is grown year after year, can lead
to the quicker buildup of pests and diseases, and
then rapid spread where a uniform crop is
susceptible to a pathogen.
The practice has been criticized for its
environmental effects and for putting the food
supply chain at risk. Diversity can be added both in
time, as with a crop rotation or sequence, or in
space, with a polyculture.

18. MULTIPURPOSE:
Multipurpose trees are trees that are deliberately grown and managed
for more than one output. They may supply food in the form
of fruit, nuts, or leaves that can be used as a vegetable; while at the
same time supplying firewood, add nitrogen to the soil, or supply some
other combination of multiple outputs.
“Multipurpose tree” is a term common to agroforestry, particularly
when speaking of tropical agroforestry where the tree owner is
a subsistence farmer.

19. MULTI-USE FOREST:
Forests can be designed not only to provide timber and crops, but also
to be multi-purposeful, serving the Earth, its creatures, and local
communities, in a variety of ways.
A forest can be more than a plantation of trees. It can be a blend of
other landscape elements, which can include lakes, ponds (for boys and
their boats), reed beds, streams, rivers, waterfalls, and bog lands,
offering habitats for a diversity of fauna and flora as well as human
access to wild areas providing solitude, mystery and discovery.

20. CONT...
Such forests can be designed for public use, for walking, riding, cycling,
orienteering, camping, and other recreational activities; for outdoor
adventures and nature experiences; for outings and field activities for
schools, cubs, scouts, guides, and youth clubs; for workshops in
woodland arts and crafts; as locations for arts and leisure facilities; as
settings for outdoor theatre, sculpture trails, country fairs and festivals.
Designed as a venue for a wide range of activities, forests can provide
local employment in relation to these.

21. CONT...
Common multipurpose trees of the tropics include:
Gliricidia sepium – the most common tree used for living fences in
Central America, firewood, fodder, fixing nitrogen into the soil.
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) – edible leaves, pods and beans, commonly
used for animal forage and shade (it does not fix nitrogen as is
commonly believed[1])
Coconut palm – used for food, purified water (juice from inside the
coconut), roof thatching, firewood, shade.
Neem - limited use as insect repellent, antibiotic, adding nitrogen to the
soil, windbreaks, biomass production for use as mulch, firewood.