International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), formerly called World Conservation Union, network of environmental organizations founded as the International Union for the Protection of Nature in October 1948 in Fontainebleau, France, to promote nature conservation and the ecologically sustainable use of natural resources. The IUCN’s membership includes more than 1,000 governmental and nongovernmental organizations from more than 140 countries. It is governed by a democratically elected council, which is chosen by member organizations at each World Conservation Congress.
This presentation is about Conservation of Wildlife includes all animals, insects, Birds etc. Presentation describes about the various ways of conservation and all the parks available on our country.
conservation of natural resources in their natural habitat known as in-situ conservation. natural resources includes living organism (plants,animals),forest ,wetlands, ocean, rivers etc.
This presentation gives an overview of various wildlife conservation societies, their role and the government's initiative for wildlife conservation in India
Arrangement of plants in an orderly sequence based upon their similarities and relationship in hierarchy such as species, genus, family, order, class and division in conformity with the nomenclatural system
The closely related plants are kept within a group and unrelated plants are kept far apart in separate groups.
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based system of plant taxonomy.
Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016.
This presentation is about Conservation of Wildlife includes all animals, insects, Birds etc. Presentation describes about the various ways of conservation and all the parks available on our country.
conservation of natural resources in their natural habitat known as in-situ conservation. natural resources includes living organism (plants,animals),forest ,wetlands, ocean, rivers etc.
This presentation gives an overview of various wildlife conservation societies, their role and the government's initiative for wildlife conservation in India
Arrangement of plants in an orderly sequence based upon their similarities and relationship in hierarchy such as species, genus, family, order, class and division in conformity with the nomenclatural system
The closely related plants are kept within a group and unrelated plants are kept far apart in separate groups.
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based system of plant taxonomy.
Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016.
“All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often
better than overconfidence, for it leads to
inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention” .
Increased amounts of research make progress
possible.
Research inculcates scientific and inductive
thinking
promotes the development of logical habits of
thinking and organisation.
Forest Rights Act (2006)
The Forest Rights Act, India or the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act is also known by other names like the Tribal Rights Act or the Tribal Land Act.
It deals with the rights of the communities that dwell in the forests (including Scheduled Tribes), over land and other resources, which have been denied to them over the years because of the continuation of forest laws from the colonial era in the country.
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is a result of the protracted struggle by the marginal and tribal communities of our country to assert their rights over the forestland over which they were traditionally dependent.
It is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. It is found in most eukaryotes and is commonly known to occur in cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts or from cellular parasites like viruses or bacteria.
Mitochondria are organelles which function to produce energy as a result of cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are organelles which function to produce sugars via photosynthesis in plants and algae. The genes located in mitochondria and chloroplasts are very important for proper cellular function, yet the genomes replicate independently of the DNA located in the nucleus, which is typically arranged in chromosomes that only replicate one time preceding cellular division
Nitrogen is a universally occurring element in all the living beings.
Apart from water and mineral salts the next major substance in plant cell is protein (about 10-12% of the cell).
These proteins which are building blocks of the protoplasm are made up of nitrogenous substances called as the amino acids
It is called as “living fossil”
The whole order is extincted except one species Ginkgo biloba
This order was occurred in Triassic periods of Mesozoic age (200,000,000 years ago)
This order consists of 16 genera and many species (all in fossil forms except one)
The S-W algorithm performs in local sequence alignment for determining two similar regions between two strings nucleotide sequences or protein sequence.
Instead of looking for entire sequence, S-W algorithm compares sequence of all possible lengths and optimizes similarity length.
Mushrooms are fast growing basidiomycetous fungi which produce fleshy fruit bodies.
These fungi live as saprophytes in dead organic matter in the form of the mat of interwined hyphae.
Remote sensing is the observation of an object from a distance.
It is the art of identifying, observing and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it by detecting and measuring the radiation of different wavelengths reflected from distant objects.
An exotic is a plant that is not native to the region. Exotic is strictly defined as “An introduction from a foreign country”. Exotic is one which is grown outside the limits of its natural range.
SOME SUCCESSFUL EXOTICS IN INDIA:
Casuarina, Eucalyptus, Poplars, Silver Oak, Wattles, Tropical pines etc.
Forest stands established by planting or/and seeding in the process of afforestation or reforestation. They are either of introduced species (all planted stands), or intensively managed stands of indigenous species, which meet all the following criteria: one or two species at planting, even age class, regular spacing.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
formerly called World Conservation Union, network of
environmental organizations founded as the International
Union for the Protection of Nature in October 1948 in
Fontainebleau, France, to promote nature conservation
and the ecologically sustainable use of natural resources.
The IUCN’s membership includes more than 1,000
governmental and nongovernmental organizations from
more than 140 countries. It is governed by a democratically
elected council, which is chosen by member organizations
at each World Conservation Congress.
5. WHAT ARE
IN-SITU CONSERVATION STRATEGIES ?
In-situ conservation means ‘on-site conservation’. Here, the
plant or animal species are protected in their natural habitat.
This is carried on by two methods:
(i) Either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself.
(ii) By defending the species from predators. Here stress is
laid upon protection of total ecosystem. This leads to
declaration of ‘Protected Areas’. For protecting such areas,
legal or other effective strategies are used.
6. NATIONAL PARKS
BIOSPHERE RESERVES
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
Protected areas under
In-situ conservation
7. NATIONAL PARKS
A national park is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment
of the wildlife and where activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation
are not permitted.
In these parks, even private ownership rights are not allowed.
There are 104 existing national parks in India covering an area of
40501.13 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country
(National Wildlife Database, May, 2019)
8. KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK
Kaziranga National Park,
District Sibsagar (Assam) –
Rhinoceros, elephant, wild
buffalo, bison, tiger,
leopard, sloth, bear, swamp
deer, barking deer, wild
boar, gibbon, python and
birds like pelican, stork and
ring tailed fishing eagles.
This is a famous National
Park of famous one-horned
rhinoceros of India.
9. CORBETT NATIONAL PARK
Corbett National
Park, Nainital
(Uttarkhand) – Tiger,
elephant, panther,
sloth, bear, wild boar,
nilgai, sambhar,
chital, crocodile,
python, king cobra,
peafowl, partridge.
This is the first
National Park of India
which is famous for
tigers.
10. GIR NATIONAL PARK
Gir National Park,
District Junagarh
(Gujrat) – Asiatic lion,
panther, striped
hyena, nilgai, chital,
4-horned antelope,
chinkara, wild boar,
langur, python,
crocodile, green
pigeon, partridge.
This National Park is
famous for Asiatic
lions.
11. A sanctuary is a protected area which is
reserved for the conservation of only
animals and human activities like
harvesting of timber, collection of minor
forest products and private ownership
rights are allowed so long as they do not
interfere with the well- being of
animals. Wildlife sanctuaries of India
are classified as IUCN Category IV
protected areas. Between 1936 and
2016, 543 wildlife sanctuaries were
established in the country that cover
118,918 km2 (45,914 sq mi) as of 2017.
15. Keoladeo Ghana Bird
Sanctuary, Bharatpur
(Rajasthan) – Siberian
crane, storks, egrets,
herons, spoon bill, etc.
Drier parts of this marshy
sanctuary have spotted
deer, black buck,
sambhar, wild boar, blue
bull, python. This
sanctuary is famous for
birds.
16. Under MAB (Man and Biosphere) Programme,
UNESCO has established a number of biosphere
reserves in the world. The concept of Biosphere
Reserves was launched by MAB in 1975 for
dealing with the conservation of ecosystems
and the genetic resources contained therein.
Under MAB programme, UNESCO has studied
the impact of human interference and pollution
on biotic and abiotic environments and
conservation strategies for the present as well
as future.
Definition Of Biosphere reserve:
A biosphere reserve is a specified area where
multiple use of the land is permitted by
dividing it into certain zones, each zone being
specified for a particular activity.
17. Zones of a Biosphere Reserve:
A biosphere reserve is basically divided into three zones:
(a) Core Zone: It lies at centre where no human activity is allowed. It is legally protected.
(b) Buffer Zone:
In this zone limited human activities are allowed. It surrounds core area.
(c) Manipulative Zone (Transition Zone):
In this zone multiple human activities are allowed but ecology is not permitted to be
disturbed. It is the outermost part of biosphere reserve.
18.
19. IN-SITU CONSERVATION : PROS AND CONS
• It doesn’t involve removing
species from their natural
ecosystems.
• It is not as disruptive as ex situ
conservation, i.e. ecological
integrity is maintained.
• It involves protection of larger
populations and conservation of
organisms and their habitat as a
whole.
• The organisms/species get the
opportunity to evolve.
• Allows and facilitates scientific
studies of the area.
• It requires larger areas
• Animals are always under threat of
several diseases or any natural
disasters.
• Risk of increased inbreeding and
thus reduced fitness which is known
as homozygosity.
• The animal species could be less
productive and thus expensive to be
monitored and maintained.
• Poachers and ecological tourists
may find these thriving habitats as
an opportunity and may cause
harm.
21. Ex-Situ
Conservation
Strategies:
Such strategies include
establishment of botanical
gardens, zoos, conservation
strands and gene, pollen,
seed, seedling, tissue culture
and DNA banks. These
facilities not only provide
housing and care for
endangered species, but also
have educational and
recreational values for the
22.
23. BOTANICAL GARDENS
There are more than 1500 botanical
gardens and arboreta (botanical
gardens where particular shrubs and
trees are grown) in world. In such
gardens more than 80,000 species are
found.
Many botanical gardens have the
facilities of seed banks, tissue culture
and other latest ex-situ technologies.
24. Some forest patches are being protected
by tribals due to religious sanctity are
called sacred forests. Such forests have
been found to be most undisturbed and
they are usually surrounded by most
degraded land scapes. Such sacred
forests in India are present in states like
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerela and
Meghalaya. In Sikkim, Khecheopalri lake is
declared sacred lake by people, thus
protecting the aquatic flora and fauna.
SACRED GROVES
25. • It involves protection of
species from external threats
like predation and poaching.
• Selective breeding processes
are put in place.
• It involves reintroduction of
several organisms that have
left their natural habitat
• Improvised quality of off-
springs can be obtained
• It can be considered only for a few
kinds of species.
• Due to human interference, rare
species remain under threat.
• Poor germination rate.
• Costly method of conservation.
• Harm to seeds by pests.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES