This document discusses biodiversity and conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It notes key goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity including conservation, sustainable use, and equitable benefit-sharing. It then discusses factors influencing biodiversity, threats like habitat loss and climate change, and the ecological, economic, and scientific roles of biodiversity. The document provides information on biodiversity in India and conservation efforts there like the Biological Diversity Act. It summarizes India's rich biodiversity and threats facing it.

1. Disaster Management 8th to 10th June 2010 BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy CEO, GEO http://www.e-geo.org

4. What is BIODIVERSITY ? 1992United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems".

5. A PEEK THROUGH CBD Birth of CBD: In 1992 at Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Goals of CBD: The conservation of biological diversity The sustainable use of its components The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources.

6. Factors determining Degree of Diversity Habitat stress Geographical isolation Dominance by one species Availability of ecological niches Edge effect Geological history

7. Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg

8. Climate ChangeMore adverse than beneficial impacts on biological and socioeconomic systems are projected

9. Food production needs to double to meet the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the next 30 years Climate change is projected to decrease agricultural productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics for almost any amount of warming

10. Estimated 10-15% of the world’s species could become extinct over the next 30 years Biodiversity underlies all ecological goods and services Climate change will exacerbate the loss of biodiversity

11. Agricultural Lands Coastal Zones Forest Lands Freshwater Systems Arid Lands & Grasslands Food and Fiber Production Provision of Clean and Sufficient Water Maintenance of Biodiversity Maintenance of Human Health Storage and cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Climate change will affect the ability of ecological systems to provide a range of essential ecological goods and services

12. Importance of Biodiversity. Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.

13. Ecological Role of Biodiversity All species provide at least one function in an ecosystem. Each function is an integral part of regulating the species balance, species diversity and species health: all aspects which are intrinsic for the ecosystem as a whole to survive and prosper

14. Economic Role of Biodiversity . Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity. Goods: Various things like timber, paper, medicines. Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature photography, birdwatching.

15. Scientific Role of Biodiversity Genetic resources:Biotechnology and genetic enginnering use the genes of organisms to make new crops and medicines. Each species can give scientist some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve.

16. Causes of Biodiversity losses At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development, and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate change. — The Convention about Life on Earth, Convention on biodiversity website.

17. Habitat and Degradation Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like tropical forests. Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands. Ploughing of grasslands. Aquatic ecosystem is threatened. Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, and marine habitats.

18. Other causes of decline Pollution of wetlands. Over-exploitation of resources. Construction of large dams. Commercial hunting and poaching.

19. Threatened Tropical Forests A world imperiled- forces behind the forest losses source:www.mongabay.com

20. Threats to Reefs 10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead. Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is showing up in reefs across the planet. source:www.oceansalive.org

21. Habitat fragmentation Emergence of discontinuities in organism’s preferred environment. Fragmentation and destruction of Great Ape habitat in Central Africa.

22. INDIA

23. 7th largest country in world Asia’s second largest nation 15,200 kms land frontier 7,516 km coastline

24. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Himalayas - This majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention. Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India. Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. Thar desert - The climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the Himalayan region. Source: earthtrends.wri.org

25. 244/18664 88/390 72/458 25/521 03/231 09/5749 Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03

26. Insects

27. Butterflies

28. Spiders

29. Amphibians

30. Reptiles

31. Reptiles

32. Water Birds Bar-headed Goose Greater Flamingoes

33. Water birds

34. IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER THREAT? 10% of India’s plant species are under threat. More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades. About 10% of flowering plants,20% of mammals and 5% of the birds are threatened.

35. Convention on Biological Diversity Implementation steps Biological Diversity Act National Biodiversity Authority Traditional knowledge digital library Traditional Knowledge Resource classification People’s Biodiversity Register

37. India figured with two of the 34 hotspots - the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas

39. Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World

40. Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World

41. Summary of Plant Conservation Status Information at WCMC

42. History of Biodiversity Conservation in India The protection of wildlife has a long tradition in Indian history. Wise use of natural resources was a prerequisite for many hunter-gatherer societies which date back to at least 6000 BC Examples of some of the historic reserves are: Gir in Gujarat Dachigam in Jammu and Kashmir Bandipur in Karnataka Keoladeo, Ranthambore and Sariska in Rajasthan.

43. The following Acts were devised to protect biodiversity: Indian Forest Act, 1927 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 The network was further strengthened by a number of national conservation projects, Project Tiger, initiated in April 1973 by the Government of India with support form WWF and the crocodile Breeding and Management Project, Launched on 1 April 1975 with technical assistance form UNDP/FAO

44. National Biodiversity Authority Of INDIA (Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002)

45. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN Chapter 1: Background and objective, scope and approach of the NBSAP methodology and critical analysis of the project. Chapter 2: statement of principles on which the analysis and recommendations are based Chapter 3: evolutionary, physical and historical context of India’s biodiversity Chapter 4: overall profile of India’s biodiversity Chapter 5: key causes for lost of biodiversity Chapter 6: ongoing initiatives in conversation, sustainable use and equity Chapter 7: broad strategies and related actions for achieving conversation, sustainable use and equitable access/sharing of benefits Chapter 8: overall implementation mechanism that would be needed for the strategies and actions presented in the earlier chapter

47. Impact of loss of Biodiversity Increased vulnerability of species extinction Ecological imbalance Reduced sources of food, structural materials, medicinal and genetic resources Cost increase to the society

48. What is Countdown 2010? Local action: 17 October 2007, Zagreb, Croatia. Twenty cities representing 54 million citizen create and implement 10-year Biodiversity Action Plans. This week saw the first workshop of the project “Local Action for Biodiversity‟ (LAB) that brings them together, taking place in Zagreb from October 15-17.

49. http://vimeo.com/7592397 International Day for Biological Diversity - 22 May

50. The 2010 biodiversity target is now fully integrated into the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and, as a sign of further support, the international community decided to declare 2010 the International Year for Biological Diversity. Ban Ki-moon, May 22, 2007

51. LOCAL PLANS AND ACTION ------------ ------------ ------------

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