This document discusses biodiversity, which refers to the variety of life on Earth. It describes the three main types of biodiversity as genetic diversity within species, species diversity across ecosystems, and ecosystem diversity globally. Key points made include that India ranks high in biodiversity with over 45,000 plant and 91,000 animal species. Several biodiversity hotspots in India are highlighted, including the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, and Western Ghats regions. Major threats to biodiversity are habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and man-wildlife conflicts. The document concludes with an overview of important in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods used to preserve biodiversity.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among living organisms from all sources ,including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem sand the ecological complexes of which they area part.
It contains following details:
Biodiversity
Levels or types of Biodiversity
Values of Biodiversity
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Criteria of Determining Hotspots
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
Importance of Biodiversity
Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity
Hotspots of biodiversity—areas particularly rich in species, rare species,
threatened species, or some combination of these attributes—are increasingly
being delineated to help set priorities for conservation. Only recently have we
begun to test key assumptions that determine how useful a hotspot approach
can be for conservation planning. The evidence suggests that although at large
geographic scales hotspots do provide useful information for conservation
planning, at smaller scales their value may be more limited.
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among living organisms from all sources ,including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem sand the ecological complexes of which they area part.
It contains following details:
Biodiversity
Levels or types of Biodiversity
Values of Biodiversity
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Criteria of Determining Hotspots
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
Importance of Biodiversity
Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity
Hotspots of biodiversity—areas particularly rich in species, rare species,
threatened species, or some combination of these attributes—are increasingly
being delineated to help set priorities for conservation. Only recently have we
begun to test key assumptions that determine how useful a hotspot approach
can be for conservation planning. The evidence suggests that although at large
geographic scales hotspots do provide useful information for conservation
planning, at smaller scales their value may be more limited.
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
4 [Biodiversity 1] - Latest Res (1).pptPreeti633690
Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity 2. Biogeographical classification of India 3. Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical aesthetic and option values 4. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels, India as a
mega-diversity nation 5. Hot-spots of biodiversity, 6. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man wildlife conflicts 7.
Endangered and endemic species of India 8. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity 9. Biological
Diversity Act, 2002
loss of biodiversity is the most important in biodiversity and conservation.it is useful to reduce the activities which are responsible for extinction and endangering of living organisms.
This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
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2. Biodiversity (VARIETY OF LIFE)
• It refers to that part of nature which includes all from of lif such
as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• These life-forms vary in shape, size, and colour.
• BIOS = LIFE and DIVERSITAS = VARIETY or DIFFERENCE
• Edward O. Wilson "father of biodiversity“
• Biodiversity are of three types: Genetic diversity, Species diversity
and ecosystem diversity
3. Genetic Diversity
-Genetic biodiversity arise because of the
combination the large number of different
genes
-The variety of genes that exists
within a single species is called
genetic diversity.
- This gives every individual his/her specific
characteristics.
-Species with good genetic diversity have
more chances of survival in changing
environment. Ex. Food crops like rise,
wheat and corn
4. Species Diversity
-It refers to the number of species of plants and
animals present in a region.
-This type of diversity occurs in various
ecosystems.
-Species diversity is the number or variety of
species in a particular region
-For example, a natural ecosystem yields a
large number of non-wood forest products,
whereas a timber plantation does not provide a
large variety of such products
5. Ecosystem diversity
Desert Tundra
Prairie
Coral reef
-Ecosystem diversity arises due to the
differences in Species and their
habitat across different ecosystems.
-Desert, tundra, coral reef and prairie
are all ecosystems. Each one is
different, with its own set of species
living in it.
6. Value of Biodiversity
• Biological variety meets our needs for
food, clothing, housing, energy, and
medicines directly or indirectly.
• The timber produced by forest is useful
for construction purpose.
• Animal wastes are useful for obtaining
biogas, which is used for heating and
also for making fertilizers for crops.
• Plants, fungi and bacteria remove toxic
substances from air, water and land.
7. Value of Biodiversity
• Animal and plant species help us to
meet our food requirements.
• A number of drugs obtained from
medicinal plants such as atropine
(belledonna plant), caffeine
(tea/coffee), codeine and morphine
(opium poppy), Penecillium
(Penecillium fungi), quinine (cinchona
bark), and reserpine (Indian
snakeroot).
Caffeine
Penecillium
8. India as a Mega Biodiversity
• India ranks 8th in the worlds top ten biodiversity nations.
• The country is having already documented over 91,000 species of animals and
45,500 species of plants in its 10 bio-geographic regions. Nearly 6,500 native
plants are still used prominently in indigenous healthcare systems.
Or
The number of plant species in India is estimated to be over 45,523
representing about 11.8 per cent of the world’s flora. These include over 17,500
flowering plants of which 4,950 species are endemic to the country.
• It contains over 7 per cent of the world’s biodiversity on 2.5 per cent of the
Earth’s surface.
• India has about 50,000 species of insects including 13,000 butterflies and moths.
9.
10. Hotspots of Biodiversity
• Hotspots:
Large regions containing exceptional concentrations of plant and animal
endemism and experiencing high rates of habitat loss.
• The idea was first developed by Norman Myers in 1988.
• Biodiversity hotspots are a method to identify those regions of the world
where attention is needed to address biodiversity loss and to guide
investments in conservation.
• Currently, 34 biodiversity hotspots have been identified. most of which occur
in tropical forests. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but
between them they contain around 50% of the world’s endemic plant species
and 42% of all terrestrial vertebrates.
11. Important hotspots
1.Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
2.Himalaya
3.Mediterranean basin
4.Indo-Burma
5.Horn of Africa
6.Madagacsar and Indian ocean islands
7.Sundaland
8.Forests of Australia
9. Caucasus
10. Mesoamerica
13. Hotspots of India
• Himalaya
• Indo-Burma
• Sundalands
• Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
14. Himalaya
• Includes the entire Indian Himalayan region
(and that falling in Pakistan, Tibet, Nepal,
Bhutan, China and Myanmar)
• The Himalaya Hotspot is home to the world's
highest mountains.
• The hotspot is home to important populations
of numerous large birds and mammals,
including vultures, tigers, elephants, rhinos
and wild water buffalo.
15. SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ENDEMISM
Taxonomic Group Species Endemic Species Endemism (%)
Plants 10,000 3160 31.6
Mammals 300 12 4.0
Birds 977 15 1.5
Reptiles 176 48 27.3
Amphibians 105 42 40.0
Freshwater Fishes 269 43 12.3
16. Indo-Burma
• It includes entire North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman
group of Islands (and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
and southern China)
• Encompassing more than 2 million km² of tropical Asia.
• Indo-Burma is still revealing its biological treasures.
• Six large mammal species have been discovered in the last 12
years: the large-antlered muntjac, the Annamite muntjac, the
grey-shanked douc, the Annamite striped rabbit, the leaf deer
19. Sundalands
• The Sundaland hotspot covers the western half of the Indo-
Malayan.
• Dominated by two of the largest islands in the world: Borneo
(725,000 km²) and Sumatra (427,300 km²).
• Notable plants in the hotspot include members of the genus
Rafflesia, Rafflesia arnoldii, has the largest flowers in the world,
measuring up to one meter in diameter.
22. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
• The western Ghats, known locally as the Sahyadri hills run parallel
to India's western coast, about 30 to 50 Km inland.
• They cover an area about 1,60,000 Sq Km and stretch for 1,600
Km from Gujarat to south tip.
26. Threats to biodiversity
•Natural causes
Narrow geographical area
Low population
Low breeding rate
Natural disasters
• Anthropogenic causes
Loss of habitat
Poaching
Man- Animal conflict
Introduction of exotic varieties
Pollution
Global warming and Climate change
27. Habitat loss can be described when an
animal losses their home.
Every animal in the animal kingdom has a
niche, in their animal community and
without their habitat they no longer have a
niche.
Reasons of habitat loss by humans:
Agriculture, farming
Harvesting natural resources for personal
use
For industrial and urbanization
development
29. Poaching of wildlife/Animal
Hunting
• Hunting for various body parts.
• Illegal trade of skins, tusks, hair,
horns
• Many animals fall prey to various
traps
• International market very active
• Tibet, China
• Tiger skins, elephant tusks etc
• Cost is very less.
30. Man-wildlife conflicts
• When animal enters human
territory and kills, that can
create fears.
• Increase in man wildlife
conflict is due to resource
limitation like: Space, food,
and shelter.
• It is also due to increasing
population of human beings,
loss of forest, decrease in
quality of forest and
developmental activities.
31. Conservation of biodiversity
• Considering the rich diversity and the threats conservation of this
vast biodiversity is very important
• 2 major approaches
• In-situ conservation (at the place)
• Ex-situ conservation (out of the place)
32.
33. 1. Sacred Groves and lakes : A sacred
grove or sacred woods are any grove of
trees that are of special religious
importance to a particular culture
In-situ Methods
Spiritual Importance of
Banyan Tree
Spiritual Importance of
Lakes and Rivers
2. Biosphere Reserves: Biosphere
reserves are areas of terrestrial and
coastal ecosystems promoting solutions
to reconcile the conservation of
biodiversity with its sustainable use.
3. National park is a park in use for conservation
purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or
developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns.
4. Wildlife sanctuary is a space that is set aside
exclusively for the use of wild animals, which are protected
when they roam or live in that area.
5. Biosphere reserve is a voluntary, cooperative,
conservation reserve created to protect the biological and
cultural diversity of a region while promoting sustainable
economic development.
34. Ex-situ Methods
1. Seed Bank: A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity
2. Field gene Bank: it is a method of planting plants for the conservation of gene.
Seed Bank
Field gene Bank
3. Cryopreservation: it derives from the Greek word cryos, meaning “Cold”. Thus
it refers to the preservation of biological tissues in sub zero temperatures.
Typically -196˚C.
4. Botanical and zoological garden: A botanical garden is a garden dedicated
to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display a wide range of plants
labeled with their botanical names.
cryopreservation