The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international legally binding treaty adopted in 1992. It aims to promote the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD recognizes that states have sovereign rights over their natural resources, and aims to ensure these resources are used in a sustainable manner. It also promotes cooperation between countries in biodiversity conservation. The CBD has near universal membership, with 196 parties that have agreed to its objectives.

1. » GOMATHI’S

2. CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

3. » variability among living organisms from all sources
and the ecosystem

4. » CONVENTION?
AGREEMENT
» CBD is a comprehensive, binding agreement covering
the use and conservation of biodiversity.

5. http://www.cbd.int/

8. 1993 DEC 29
1992
JUNE 5
Enforce into action
Signature at UNCED (Rio Earth Summit)
1992 MAY 22
Agreed the text of CBD
1991
Group become Intergovernmental
Negotiating Committee (INC)
1989
Group – Prepared an international legal
instrument for conservation & sustainable
use of BD
1988
UNEP – Ad Hoc working Group of Experts on
BD explore need for international CBD

10. - 22 May, 1992 in Nairobi, Kenya

11. o Preamble
o 42 articles
o 2 Annexures
» 11 Conference Of the Parties ( COP) meetings.

12. »
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
Conscious of values & components of BD.
Conservation & maintenance of sustainable use of BD.
Reaffirming sovereign rights & responsibility of BD.
Aware of BD loss by human activities & plan to take
measures.
Need of full participation of women from policy
making to implementation.
Establish strong cooperation among states, regions..
Provide additional financial resources & relevant
technologies.
Commitment to conserve & sustainable use of BD for
the benefit of present and future generations.

13. » OBJECTIVES OF CBD:
1
» Conservation & sustainable use of BD.
» Fair & equitable sharing of benefits arising from the
use of genetic resources.
» Appropriate access to genetic resources.
» Transfer of required technologies.
» Appropriate funding.
2
» USE OF TERMS:

14. » "Biological diversity" – the variability among
living
organisms
from
all
sources
including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic
ecosystems and the ecological complexes of
which they are part; this includes diversity within
species, between species and of ecosystems.

15. 3
» PRINCIPLE:
» States have sovereign right to exploit their biological
diversity as per their policies. Previously biodiversity
was considered heritage of humankind.
» State is responsible to control their resources without
damaging the environment of other states.

16. 4
» JURIDICTIONAL SCOPE: The geographic area over
which authority extends
5
» COOPERATION:
» Each contracting country has to cooperate other
countries for the conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity.
» The cooperation can be bilateral or multilateral.
» If necessary, any party can ask help from competent
international organizations for arranging cooperation.

17. 6
» GENERAL MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION AND
SUSTAINABLE USE (OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATES):
» Develop or adopt national strategies, plans or
programmes for the conservation and sustainable use
of BD.
» Integrate these plans into sectoral or cross sectoral
plans, programmes and policies.
7
» IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING

18. 8
» IN-SITU CONSERVATION:
9
» EX-SITU CONSERVATION:
10
» SUSTAINABLE USE OF COMPONENTS OF BD:
11
» INCENTIVE MEASURES: motivational measures

19. 12
» RESEARCH AND TRAINING:
13
» PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS:
14
» IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MINIMIZING ADVERSE
IMPACTS:
15
» ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES:

20. 16
» ACCESS TO AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY:
17
» EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION:
18
» TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION:
19
» HANDLING OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION
OF ITS BENEFITS

21. 20
» FINANCIAL RESOURCES
21
» FINANCIAL MECHANISM
22
» RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS:
23
» CONFERENCE OF PARTIES (COP)

22. 24
» SECRETRAIAT
25
» SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE:
26
» REPORTS:
27
» SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES:

23. 28
» ADOPTION OF PROTOCOL
29
» AMENDMENT OF THE CONVENTION OR PROTOCOLS:
30
» ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF ANNEXES:
31
» RIGHT TO VOTE:

24. ARTICLE 33. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS CONVENTION AND ITS PROTOCOL
ARTICLE 33. SIGNATURE
ARTICLE 34. RATIFICATION (signing an agreement), ACCEPTANCE OR
APPROVAL
ARTICLE 35. ACCESSION (particular period for signature & its extension)
ARTICLE 36. ENTRY INTO FORCE
ARTICLE 37. RESERVATIONS
ARTICLE 38. WITHDRAWALS
ARTICLE 39. FINANCIAL INTERIM ARRANGEMENTS
ARTICLE 40. SECRETARIAT INTERIM ARRANGEMENTS
ARTICLE 41. DEPOSITARY
ARTICLE 42. AUTHENTIC TEXTS
ANNEX I. IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING
ANNEX II - PART 1. ARBITRATION
ANNEX II - PART 2. CONCILIATION

27. COP
PLACE
YEAR
DOCUMENTS
DECISIONS
MAJOR THEMES
1
Nassau,
Bahamas
28 Nov 9 Dec
1994
33
13
Guidance to the financial
mechanism;
Medium-term programme of work;
2
Indonesia
6 - 17
Nov
1995
56
23
Marine and coastal biological
diversity;
Access to genetic resources;
Conservation and sustainable use
of biological diversity;
Biosafety;
3
Argentina
4 - 15
Nov
1996
112
27
Agricultural biodiversity;
Financial resources and
mechanism;
Identification, monitoring and
assessment;
Intellectual property rights;
4
Slovakia
4 - 15
May
1998
71
19
Inland water ecosystems;
Review of the operations of the
Convention;
Article 8(j) and related issues
(traditional knowledge);
Benefit sharing;

28. EX1
Cartagena,
Colombia &
Montreal,
Canada
22 - 23
Feb 1999
& 24 - 28
Jan 2000
24
3
CARTEGENA PROTOCOL
5
Nairobi, Kenya
15 - 26
May 2000
81
29
Dryland, mediterranean, arid, semi-arid,
grassland and savannah ecosystems;
Sustainable use, including tourism;
Access to genetic resources;
6
Netherlands
7 - 19
April
2002
114
32
Forest ecosystems; Alien species;
Benefit-sharing;
Strategic plan 2002-2010;
7
Malaysia
9 - 20
February
2004
94
36
Mountain ecosystems;
Protected areas;
Transfer of technology and technology
cooperation.
8
Brazil
20 - 31
March
2006
106
34
Island biodiversity;
Biological diversity of dry and sub-humid
lands;
Global Taxonomy Initiative;
Access and benefit-sharing (Article 15);
Article 8(j) and related provisions;
Communication, education and public
awareness (Article 13).

29. 9
Germany
19 - 30
May
2008
110
36
Agricultural, Forest biodiversity
Global Strategy for Plant Conservation;
Invasive alien species; Incentive
measures; Progress in the implementation
of the Strategic Plan and progress towards
the 2010 traget and relevant Millennium
Development Goals;
10
Nagoya, Aichi
Prefecture,
Japan
18 - 29
October
2010
107
47
NAGOYA PROTOCOL
11
India
8 - 19
October
2012
125
33
BD & livelihoodss, integration of value of
BD in national planning &accounting
process, strategy for resource
mobilization, coastal & marine BD ,
operationalization of Nagoya protocol

32. » Raise awareness of:
˃the importance of biodiversity
˃accomplishments to save biodiversity
» Promote innovative solutions
» Take immediate steps to reduce the rate of loss
of biodiversity

33. » Biodiversity is important for human wellbeing
» The current rate of biodiversity loss is
severe, by some accounts up to 100 times
the natural rate of extinction
» We need to work together to halt this loss.
Many “success stories” point the way to the
future

34. » Provide a global message which offers partners the
chance to highlight their work and activities
» Create information products that highlight success
stories and the work of the Convention
» Take advantage of existing international and
national events to promote the biodiversity agenda
to new audiences and mobilize their support

35. “To achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate
of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level,
as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of
all life on Earth”

40. » Gene rich countries: have sovereign rights on their BD.
» Farming communities: will receive their share from the
benefits of BD.
» Future generations: conservation of resources for future
need.
» Scientific communities: benefited by conservation and
improvement of genetic resources.
ALL THE
PEOPLE
WILL BE
BENEFITED

43. »Wild life trade – big business
between countries – leads to
endangering of species.

44. » Unsustainable trade in wildlife is one of the
central threats to biodiversity as it concerns
thousands of plant and animal species, and can
push them close to extinction.
» This issue affects a wide range of live animals and
plants as well as a vast array of products derived
from them, including food, fur, leather
goods, musical instruments, timber, tourist
souvenirs, perfumes, and medicines.

45. » To regulate this extra efforts, international cooperation
are necessary.
» Effective regulation – convention to prevent
commercial trade in endangered species

46. »CITES
»Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora

47. » CITES is an international convention that
combines wildlife and trade themes with a
legally binding instrument for achieving
conservation and sustainable use objectives

49. » The largest conservation oriented Convention.
» Resolution adopted by the 8TH General Assembly of
IUCN, in Nairobi in 1963.
» Drafting of the text started in 1964.
» The final text was adopted in Washington in 3 March
1973, and entered into force on 1 July 1975.
» Washington Convention

54. » CITES – agreement between governments
» The regulation is based upon the appendices :
» Appendix 1
» Appendix 2
» Appendix 3
&
» Regulates the export, re-export and import of live
and dead animals and plants and their parts and
derivatives (for listed species only) through a system
of permits and certificates

55. » Species threatened with extinction
» International (commercial) trade is generally
prohibited.
» Almost 530 animal species and 300 plant
species

56. » Species not threatened with extinction, but trade
must be controlled to avoid their becoming
threatened.
» International trade is permitted but regulated.
» More than 4,400 animal species and more than
28,000 plant species

57. » Species for which a country is asking Parties to
help with its protection.
» International trade is permitted but regulated
(less restrictive than Appendix II)
» Some 240 animal species and about 40 plant
species

65. »
»
»
»
Export permits
Import permits
Re-export certificates
Other certificates

68. » Designate a Management Authority and a
Scientific Authority
» Prohibit trade in specimens in violation of the
Convention
» Penalize such trade
» Allow for elimination of specimens illegally traded
or possessed

70. » Effective and consistent international regulation
of trade in wildlife for conservation and
sustainable use.
» International cooperation on trade and
conservation, legislation and
enforcement, resource
management, conservation science.