The document summarizes the key aspects of biomedical waste management rules in India. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the steps for managing such waste. It notes that the 2016 rules replaced earlier 1998 rules and amendments, providing more comprehensive guidelines. The major differences between the 1998 and 2016 rules include expanded categories of waste, additional operator duties, and standardized reporting formats.

1. BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
2016
By:
Dr . SAURABH AGRAWAL

2. CONTENT
DEFINITION
STEP TO MANAGE WASTE
NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENT SCENARIO
NOTIFICATIONS AND AMENDMENTS
MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BMW RULES
1998 & 2016
CONCLUSION

3. DEFINITION
“Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment
or
Immunization of human beings
or
Animals or research activities pertaining thereto
or
In the production or testing of biological
or
In health camps, including the categories mentioned in
Schedule I appended to these rules

4. Biomedical Waste (BMW)
is…
Healthcare Waste
85% Non-infectious
15% Infectious/
Hazardous

5. Step to manage waste
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
• CHARACTERIZATION
• QUANTIFICATION
• SEGREGATION
• STORAGE
• TRANSPORTATION
• TREATMENT
• DISPOSAL

7. Shri Prakash Javadekar releasing the
new Bio-Medical Waste Management
Rules

8. PRESENT SCENARIO
• Gross generation of BMW in India is 484 TPD
from 1,68,869 healthcare facilities (HCF), out
of which 447 TPD is treated, which means that
• Almost 38 TPD of the wastes is left untreated
and not disposed finding its way in dumps or
water bodies and re-enters our system.

9. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & HANDLING RULES
NOTIFICATIONS AND AMENDMENTS
• On 20th July1998 Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF),
Govt. of India, Framed a rule known
as ‘Bio-medical Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules,
•1st Amendment Dated 06/03/2000
• 2nd Amendment Dated17/09/2003

10. • The MoE,F&CC has notified the new BMW (M)
Rules, 2016 on 28TH March, under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to replace
the earlier Rules (1998) and the amendments
thereof.
• Published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary,
Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i)

11. This New Rules are more………….
• comprehensive in nature
• It contains important features of BMW (M & H)
Rules, 1998
• Several new provisions have been added in the
new Rules.

12. Provide uniform guidelines and
Code of practice for management and handling of
biomedical wastes generated from
 Hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensaries,
veterinary institutions, animal houses,
 Pathological laboratories, blood banks,
 Ayush hospitals, clinical establishments, research or
educational institutions,
 Health camps, medical or surgical camps,
vaccination camps, blood donation camps, first aid
rooms of schools, forensic laboratories and
 Research labs.

13. Major Difference between BMW Rules
1998 & 2016
1998 2016
1 Occupiers with more than 1000
beds required to obtain
authorisation
Every occupier generating BMW,
Including health camp or ayush requires
to obtain authorisation
2 Operator duties absent Duties of the operator listed
3 Biomedical waste divided in ten
categories
Biomedical waste divided in 4 categories
4 No format for annual report A format for annual report appended
with the rules
5 Shudule I, II, III, IV,V Change of Shudule I, II, III, IV

14. DUTIES OF THE OPERATOR
1. Totake all necessary steps to ensure that the BMW
collected from the occupier is transported, handled,
stored, treated & disposed of without any adverse
effect to human health & environment.
2. Toensure timely collection of BMW from the health
care facilities.
3. Toinform the prescribed authority immediately
regarding the health care establishments/facilities,
which are not handling over the segregated BMW.
4. Toprovide training of all its workers.

15. 5. Toundertake appropriate pre-placement &
periodic medical examination and immunize all
its workers and records for the same.
6. Toensure occupational safety by providing
protective equipments.
7. Todevelop system of reporting of unintended
accidents in Form III with annual report even
the nil reporting.
8. Tomaintain a log book of treatment equipment
according to weight of batch; categories of
waste treated; time; date; duration of
treatment cycle & total hours of operation.

16. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
RULE 1998SCHEDULE-I
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human AnatomicalWaste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & BiotechnologyWaste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste

17. COLOR
CODE
TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE
CATEGORY
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6 Incineration/deep
burial
Red Disinfected
container/plastic bag
3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro
Waving/Chemical
treatment
Blue/white
transparent
Plastic bags/puncture
proof container
4 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro
waving/chemical
treatment,
Destruction &
shredding
Black Plastic bag 5, & 9,
AND
10 (SOLID)
Disposal in
secured land fills
SCHEDULE-II RULE 1998

18. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTES RULE 2016
SCHEDULE-I

19. Cat. Type of Bag/
Container used
TYPE OFWASTE Treatment /Disposal
options
Yellow non-chlorinated
plastic bags
Separate collection
system leading to
effluent
treatment system
a) Human AnatomicalWaste
b) Animal AnatomicalWaste
c) Soiled Waste
d) Expired or DiscardedMedicines
e) Chemical Waste
f) Micro, Bio-t and other clinical
lab waste
g) Chemical Liquid Waste
Incineration or Plasma
Pyrolysis or deep burial*
Red non-chlorinated
plastic bags or
containers
Contaminated Waste (Recyclable)
tubing, bottles, intravenous tubes
and
sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes
(without needles) and gloves.
Auto/ Micro/Hydro and
then sent for recycling. not
be sent to landfill
White (Translucent)
Puncture, Leak,
tamper proof
containers
Waste sharps including Metals Auto or DryHeat
Sterilization
followed by shredding or
mutilation or
encapsulation
Blue Cardboard boxes
with blue
colored marking
Glassware Disinfection or auto/
Micro/hydro and then
sent for recycling.

20. SCHEDULE II
[See rule 4(t), 7(1) and 7(6)]
STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
BIO-MEDICALWASTES (2016)
• STANDARDS FOR INCINERATION
A. Operating Standards
B. Emission Standards
C. Stack Height
• Operating and Emission Standards for Disposal by
Plasma Pyrolysis or Gasification
A. Operating Standards
B. Air Emission Standards and Air Pollution Control
Measures
C. Disposal of Ash Vitrified Material

21. • STANDARDS FOR AUTOCLAVING OF BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE
• STANDARDS FOR MICROWAVING
• STANDARDS FOR DEEP BURIAL
• STANDARDS FOR EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL
DISINFECTION
• STANDARDS FOR DRY HEAT STERILIZATION
• STANDARDS FOR LIQUID WASTE

22. SCHEDULE-III (1998)
LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
CONTAINERS/BAGS
HANDLE WITH CARE
Note : Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.
BIOHAZARD CYTOTOXIC
BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL

23. SCHEDULE-V (2016)
STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
• STANDARDS FOR INCINERATORS
• STANDARDS FOR WASTE AUTOCLAVING
• STANDARDS FOR LIQUID WASTE
• STANDARDS FOR MICROWAVING
• STANDARDS FOR DEEP BURIAL

24. CONCLUSION
• The new Rules on BMW are elaborate, stringent and
several new provisions have been added in it.
• The new Rules have definitely cleared certain
ambiguities of the previous one but still lacks on
many fronts.