Modern Sewage Treatment Plant from IndusSuresh Kumar
Ultra modern Sewage Treatment Plants from Indus Ecowater. Sewage Treatment Plants built to re-use treated sewage. Compact with small foot print- smallest civil works
Modern Sewage Treatment Plant from IndusSuresh Kumar
Ultra modern Sewage Treatment Plants from Indus Ecowater. Sewage Treatment Plants built to re-use treated sewage. Compact with small foot print- smallest civil works
1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.Classification
a) based on source or origin
b) based on nature of waste
#Non hazardous or solid waste
#Hazardous waste
4. Health hazards of accumulated solid waste
This is a lecture on household water treatment methods and techniques. These techniques are valuable for point-of-use treatment in emergency situations or where no elaborate systems exist.
1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.Classification
a) based on source or origin
b) based on nature of waste
#Non hazardous or solid waste
#Hazardous waste
4. Health hazards of accumulated solid waste
This is a lecture on household water treatment methods and techniques. These techniques are valuable for point-of-use treatment in emergency situations or where no elaborate systems exist.
Χημεία Επαναληπτικό διαγώνισμα σχεδόν εφ' όλης της ύληςBillonious
Ένα επαναληπτικό διαγώνισμα σε όλα τα κεφάλαια της ύλης της Χημείας Προσανατολισμού της γ' λυκείου (εκτός από δείκτες και ρυθμιστικά διαλύματα).
Καλή επιτυχία!
se habla un poco sobre las plataformas de comunicacion,de como facilitan la vida diaria, su influencia en la construccion de la cultura de la informacion,espero les ayude en algun momento de sus vidas que lo neseciten mi nombre es daniel suarez estudiante de la universidad territorial Andres Eloy Blanco PNFI Informatica
A study on waste disposal in the pharmaceutical areas. the chapter deals with types of waste, how the waste is disposed, the procedure of waste disposale and the regulatory guidelines.
WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND INFECTION PREVENTION-Biomedical waste management is a systematic process .
Depending on the category of waste, according to the policy and planning of BMWM of a healthcare setting-the treatment, destruction and disposal method, many methods are adopted to treat and destroy or dispose of BMW-onsite or offsite.
Disinfection-The aim of disinfection is to eliminate microorganisms or at least reduce their numbers to a satisfactory level.
Chemical treatment: The types of chemicals used for disinfection of health-care waste are mostly aldehydes, chlorine compounds, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, ammonium salts and phenolic compounds.
On-Site Biomedical Waste Disposal
Autoclave:
Microbiological and biotechnological waste, waste sharps, soiled and solid wastes are treated in an autoclave.
It is ideal for treating all infectious waste (except anatomical and cytotoxic waste) even bulk liquid and pathological.
Hydroclave- It is an advanced autoclave with consistently high sterility and much more uniform heat penetration.
Microwave treatment: Microwave of the frequency of about 2450 MHz are used to decontaminate medical waste.
The waste to be treated must be humid as in presence of moisture, microwaves penetrate and sterilize the material.
MANUFACTURING OF PARENTRALS
1. Formulation and Raw Materials:
Concept: The process begins with the formulation of the parenteral drug, determining its composition and concentration.
Raw Materials: High-quality pharmaceutical-grade raw materials, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients, and solvents, are selected based on their compatibility and purity.
2. Sterilization of Raw Materials:
Concept: Due to the sterile nature of parenteral products, all raw materials, including the API and excipients, must undergo rigorous sterilization.
Methods: Common sterilization methods include autoclaving, filtration, and aseptic processing to ensure aseptic conditions throughout the manufacturing process.
3. Manufacturing Process:
Preparation: The formulation is prepared, and various components are weighed and measured precisely.
Mixing: The ingredients are mixed under controlled conditions to achieve a homogeneous blend, ensuring uniform distribution of the API and other components.
Filtration: The solution is then filtered to remove any particulate matter and ensure clarity.
Filling: The sterile drug solution is filled into vials, ampoules, or other suitable containers in a controlled environment, maintaining sterility.
4. Sterilization of Final Product:
Terminal Sterilization: The final product, in its container, undergoes terminal sterilization methods like autoclaving or gamma irradiation to eliminate any microbial contamination that may have occurred during the manufacturing process.
This PowerPoint slides are about hospital waste management in Nepal and updated according to recently updated guidelines for hospital waste management 2071.
Effective hospital waste management is paramount for both environmental sustainability and public health.
Waste Categorization: Hospital waste spans infectious, hazardous, and general waste. Proper categorization ensures safe disposal and minimizes risks.
Biohazard Containment: Safeguarding healthcare workers and the community, proper handling and disposal of biohazardous waste is crucial to prevent disease transmission.
sustainable Practices: Adopting eco-friendly methods, recycling, and reducing waste generation contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of medical facilities.
Community Well-being: Responsible hospital waste management safeguards the local environment, prevents pollution, and nurtures a healthier community.
Embracing advanced waste management strategies is a shared responsibility. It upholds ethical healthcare practices while fostering a cleaner, safer, and healthier future.
#HospitalWasteManagement #SustainableHealthcare #PublicHealth #EnvironmentalHealth #HealthcareResponsibility #WasteReduction #BiohazardDisposal #HealthcareSustainability
Biomedical waste is very important to every person involved in the medical field and for normal lay person too. Without it's knowledge any treatment is incomplete.
The Biomedical Waste Management of the wastes which are colour coded to Yellow, i.e., the Pharmaceutical and Medical Wastes are described along with the steps of Management here. Everything is explained along with Images and simple yet completely understandable contents.
The pictures placed in the document belongs to their respective owners. Strictly no copyright infringement intended.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. OVERVIEW:-
NECESSITY FOR BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE TREATMENAT:-
1.Exposure to hazardous health-care waste can result in
disease or due to:
>it contains infectious agents
>it contains toxic or hazardous chemicals or
pharmaceuticals
>it contains sharps
>it is genotoxic
>it is radio active
The MAIN groups at risk are:
>medical doctors, nurses.
>patients in health care establishment
>workers
>visitors
5. COLOR
CODE
TYPE OF
CONTAINER
WASTE
CATEG
ORY
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and
6
Incineration/dee
p burial
Red Disinfected
container/plastic
bag
3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Mi
cro
Waving/Chemic
al treatment
Blue/whi
te
transpare
nt
Plastic
bags/puncture
proof container
4 & 7 Autoclaving/Mi
cro
waving/chemica
l treatment,
Destruction &
shredding
Black Plastic bag 5, & 9,
AND
10
(SOLID)
Disposal in
secured land
fills
6. ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE DIAGNOSIS,
TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS OR
ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THERE TO
OR IN THE PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO MEDICALS.
DEFINITION :
INTRODUCTION
STEPS OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
TREATMENT OF WASTE
COLLECTION ANAD SEGREGATION
TRANSPORTATION
7. 1.Transportation:
• There should be separate corridor and lift in hospital to
carry and transport waste.
• General waste are deposited at municipal dumps.
• Waste for autoclaving and incineration are dumped at
separate site for external trasport (should have separate
coloured plastic bag for these waste)
• Transportation should be done in sealed
container/sanitation supervisor should ensure for leakage
8. 2.Collection and segregation of waste:
• Centralized sanitation staffs or any other sanitation staffs
should collect the waste during morning afternoon or evening
under the supervision of nursing staff and sanitation supervisor;
documentation should be done in register; Garbage bin should
be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
• Done at point of Generation of waste and put in separate
coloured bags . Color coding varies from nation to nation.
9. 3.Treatment & Disposal Technologies:
A . Incineration
B . Chemical Disinfection
C . Wet and dry thermal treatment
D . Microwave irradiation
E . Land disposal
F . Inertization
A . INCINERATION :
• High tempreture dry oxidation process that reduce organic
and combustible waste into inorganic incombustible
matter. Resulting in significant reduction in waste volume
and weight.
• Process is selected to treat waste that cannot be recycled ,
reused or can be disposed in land.
10. (I)VENTURI SCRUBBER
SYSTEM:
• The venture scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of
350mm to achieve the prescribed emission limit.
• It should be preferably made of stainless steel 316L grade or
better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant bricks to
avoid corrosion.
• The water to be used should b added with caustic soda solution
to mainatain the pH of scrubbing liquid above 6.5.
11. (II)SLUGDES:
• Sludge is a semi-solid slurry and can be produced as sewage
sludge from wastewater treatment processes or as a settled
suspension obtained from conventional drinking water
treatment and numerous other industrial processes.
(III)EXHAUSTED GAS TO ATMOSPHERE :
• Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the
combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline,
petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal.
12. B.AUTOCLAVING:
• An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out
industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and
pressure different from ambient air pressure.
• Autoclaves are used in medical applications to perform
sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure
coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal
synthesis. They are also used in industrial applications,
especially regarding composites.
13. 5.SHREDDER:
• The non-infectious Biomedical waste shredding machine is
used to destroy waste such as Syringes, scalpels, glass vials,
blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampules, intravenous
sets/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc.
• Shredding is a process by which waste is de shaped or cut in
to smaller pieces, so as to make the waste unrecognizable. It
helps in prevention of reuse of non-infectious Biomedical
waste and also acts as identifier that the waste is safe to
depose off.
14. 6.LANDFILL:
A . Open Dumps: risk for public health
B . Sanitary landfills: designed and constructed to prevent
contamination of soil , surface, ground water and direct
contact with public.
15. Conclusion:-
• This visit gave us the knowledge about the Bio-
Medical waste management on larger scale.
• Well explained by the manager of the plant.
• The Bio-Medical Waste generated from the
hospitals and all other source will be
treated without polluting the environment.
• All the above treatment and disposal
process is done within the norms of CPCB
& guidelines.
• The remaining material after incineration
is safely disposed according to the CPCB
guidelines.
• Incineration of Bio-Medical Waste is one
of the techno- economical viable scheme,
which have many advantages such as
significant volume reduction, weight
reduction & also ability to manage most
types of wastes with little processing
before treatment.