ENVIRONMENT LAW

1. BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Course: LLB I
Subject : Environment Law
Unit: 4

2. Let the waste of the “sick”
not contaminate the lives of
“The Healthy”

3. CONTENT
• Definition
• Categories of Biomedical Waste
• Problem associated with Biomedical waste
• Need for Biomedical Waste Management
• Step to manage hazardous waste
• Treatment techniques
• Biomedical waste management in India
• Environmental legislation
• Conclusion
• Summary

4. Biomedical Waste (BMW)
is…
• Solid waste generated during the diagnosis,
testing, treatment, research or production of
biological products for humans or animals
(WHO)
• WHO estimates
– 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous
– 10% is infectious
– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous
chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.

5. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste

6. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW
ORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES
HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
A,C, Arboviruses,
Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,
Infectious Hepatitis,
Dengue, Japanese
encephalitis, tick-borne
fevers, etc.
Infected needles, body
Fluids, Human excreta, soiled
linen, Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIA
Salmonella typhi,
Vibrio cholerae,
Clostridium Tetani,
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus
Wound infections,
septicemia, rheumatic
fever, endocarditis, skin
and soft tissue infections
Human excreta and
body fluid in landfills and
hospital wards, Sharps such
as needles, surgical blades in
hospital waste.
PARASITES
Wucheraria Bancrofti,
Plasmodium
Cutaneous leishmaniasis,
Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood and
body fluids in poorly
managed sewage system of
hospitals.

7. NEED FOR BMW
MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste
management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being
repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly
due to waste, or due to defective incineration
emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste
handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

8. TECHNIQUES
SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.
Colour Coding Type of Container
Yellow Plastic Bag
Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag
Blue/
White Translucent
Plastic Bag / punch proof containers
Black Plastic Bag

9. TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of BMW can be divided into
internal and external transportation.
INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white
bags.
EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in
the black coloured plastic bags.

10. Bio medical waste
management in India
Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule
1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July
1998.
 This rule applies to those who generate, collect,
receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical
waste in any manner.
Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into
containers/bags at the point of generation of waste.
Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for
disposal of waste is came into existence which is
shown as follows. 10

11. CONCLUSION
• Safe and effective management of waste is not only
a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical
waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Individual awareness and participation.
• Use recycle products.
• Label with agent, concentration and
hazard warnings.
• Communicate about workplace hazards.

12. 12
References:
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998
 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 2000
 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989
 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981