The document discusses India's Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules. It defines biomedical waste and outlines responsibilities for waste generators. Key points include: - The rules classify and regulate waste from healthcare facilities and research. Occupiers must obtain authorization to treat waste onsite or use authorized common waste treatment facilities. - Generators must segregate, store, transport, and treat waste properly before disposal. Liquid waste must also be disinfected before discharge. - Proper record keeping of waste quantities and handling is required. Regular staff training is important to ensure proper biomedical waste segregation.

1. BiomedicalBiomedical
Waste DisposalWaste Disposal

2. Quick Over view of Legal ProvisionsQuick Over view of Legal Provisions
• Biomedical Waste( Management & handling) Rules were
enacted in 1998 under the provisions of Environmental
Protection act, 1996
• As per these rules, bio medical waste has been defined as “
any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or
testing of biological, and including categories mentioned in
Schedule I.”
• These rules will apply to all persons who generate, collect,
receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle bio
medical waste in any form.

3. • "Occupier" in relation to any institution generating
bio-medical waste, which includes a hospital,
nursing home, clinic dispensary, veterinary
institution, animal house, pathological laboratory,
blood bank by whatever name called, means a
person who has control over that institution and/or
its premises.
• Every occupier of an institution generating,
collecting, receiving, storing, transporting, treating,
disposing and/or handling bio-medical waste in any
other manner, except such occupier of clinics,
dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks
providing treatment/service to less than 1000 (one
thousand) patients per month, shall make an
application in Form 1 to the prescribed authority for
grant of authorization.

4. DUTY OF OCCUPIER:
It shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution
generating bio-medical waste which includes a
hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary
institution, animal house, pathological laboratory,
blood bank by whatever name called to take all steps
to ensure that such waste is handled without any
adverse effect to human health and the environment
• ANNUAL REPORT
Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual
report to the prescribed authority in Form 11 by 31
January every year. This includes information about
the categories and quantities of bio-medical wastes
handled during the preceding year.

5. SCHEDULE ISCHEDULE I
((CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTECATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
•
Category
Number
Waste Description
1 Human Anatomical Waste (human tissues, organs, body parts)
2 Animal Waste
(animal tissues, organs, body parts carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood
and experimental animals used in research, waste generated by veterinary
hospitals colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal houses)
3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
(wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro- organisms
live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell culture used in research
and infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biological, toxins, dishes and devices used for transfer of
cultures)
4 Waste sharps
(needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may cause disinfection
This includes both used and unused sharps)
5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs
(wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines)

6. 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs
(wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded
medicines)
6 Soiled Waste
(Items contaminated with blood, and body fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines, beddings, other material
contaminated with blood)
7 Solid Waste
(wastes generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps
such as tubing's, catheters, intravenous sets etc).
8 Liquid Waste
(waste generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, house- keeping
and disinfecting activities)
9 Incineration Ash
(ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste)
10 Chemical Waste
(chemicals used in production of biological, chemicals used in
disinfection, as insecticides, etc.)

7. COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FORCOLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR
DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTESDISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
Colour
Coding
Type of
Container
Waste
Category
Treatment options as
per Schedule I
Yellow Plastic bag Waste cat.
No.1,2,5 & 6
Incineration
Red Disinfected
container/pla
stic bag
Waste cat. No.7 Autoclaving/Micro
waving/
Chemical Treatment
Blue Plastic bag/
puncture
proof
Container
Waste cat. No.4 Autoclaving/ Micro
waving/ Chemical
Treatment and
destruction/ shredding
Black Plastic bag Municipal Waste Disposal in secured
landfill by municipality

8. What are the responsibilities ofWhat are the responsibilities of
generator of bio medical wastegenerator of bio medical waste
• Collection & segregation of bio medical
waste
• Transportation of bio medical waste to the
storage area
• Storage of bio medical wasteStorage of bio medical waste
• Handing over the waste to the CTDF
operator
Treatment of Liquid waste
• Recording keeping
• Constant Training & motivation of the staff.

9. Why
Should I Segregate the
Waste?

10. Collection & segregation of bio medical wasteCollection & segregation of bio medical waste
 Get bags of proper colour coding having adequate size.
 Get covered containers (bins) preferably foot operated.
 For sharps, have adequate number of needle cutters at all
the required places.
 Needles and other sharps should be disinfected in hypo
chlorite solution before placing them in blue bag.
 Place all the bio waste containers near the nursing
station. Only nursing staff should be allowed to handle
these containers.
 Fix stickers showing category of bio waste to be disposed
in each bag.
 For municipal waste black bag containers should be
placed near the patients/attendants.

11. Transportation of bio medical wasteTransportation of bio medical waste
to the storage areato the storage area
• Once the bags are full, the should be tied
properly.
• Transport the bags in covered trolley only.
• In case of multi storey hospitals, elevator
may be used to carry the trolley.
• Different colored Bags should not be
mixed during transportation.
• Bags should be transported by authorized
person only to avoid any theft

12. Storage of bio medical wasteStorage of bio medical waste
• Bio waste should be stored in a covered room having
locking facilities.
• The room should be sufficiently large to hold one day
waste.
• It should be located away from the premises and
should be divided in to three compartments for
separately storing yellow, red and blue bags.
• There should be adequate facilities for washing the
storage room. The room may be tiled for easy
cleaning.
• The waste water from washing should be collected
in a sump and treated by hypo chlorite solution
before discharging in sewer line.

13. Handing over the waste to the CTDFHanding over the waste to the CTDF
operatoroperator
• Only person authorized by you should hand over the
waste.
• The bags should be weighed (colour coding wise) before
handing over the same to the authorized person of the
operator.
• The person from the operator will be carrying one format in
which entries regarding quantity of waste for each colour
coding are to be filled up and signed by your authorized
person. Please get it filled up and signed.
• In case operator does not lift the waste on a particular day,
do not sign in the format. In case, waste in not available,
sign the format after filling “Nil” for the waste quantity.

14. Recording keepingRecording keeping
As per the provisions of the rules
• (!) Every authorized person shall maintain records related to
the generation, collect ' ion, reception, storage,
transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of
handling of bio-medical waste in accordance with these
rules and any guidelines issued.
• (2) All records shall be subject to inspection and verification
by the prescribed authority at any time.
Accordingly, records regarding date, quantity of waste
(Colour coding wise), vehicle number, and signatures of
persons handing over and receiving the waste should be
maintained.

15. Treatment of liquid wasteTreatment of liquid waste
• As per the provisions of the rules, all the
liquid effluents generated from the hospital
are required to be treated to meet the
prescribed norms before discharging them
into sewer.
• The infectious liquid streams such as
effluents generated from operation theatre,
lab, waste storage area etc should be
collected and disinfected before
discharging them into sewer.

17. Training and motivation of the staffTraining and motivation of the staff
• The key element of bio medical waste
handling is proper segregation of the bio
waste
• Hospital staff particularly nursing staff is
the key for good segregation because
they are responsible of segregating the
waste as per colour coding.
• Constant training, motivation and
supervision is required to achieve the
desired results.

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