This document provides an overview of Bhuvan, the geoportal of ISRO. It introduces Bhuvan as an open platform offering over 6000 geospatial services including high resolution satellite imagery from 1-5m, thematic layers, and data downloads. The document describes some of the satellite imagery layers and thematic layers available through Bhuvan, including land use/land cover maps, wasteland maps, and layers on glacial lakes and water bodies. It also outlines some of Bhuvan's applications such as disaster management and integration with other government portals.

1. INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF
BHUVAN
M.Tech 1st Year, Department of Geography,
University of Madras
Presented by:
Khushboo
Prathiban K
Vignesh T
Sugashri
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Geoportal of ISRO
• Introduced in 2009
• Open platform
• Only governmental platform – operational in public domain
• PAN-India coverage
• One of the largest repository of GIS map and services in the country
• 6000 services approx. – offered
• Simple display of satellite images – 5m
• Transitions from national to village level depiction
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3. • Image resolution now – 1m
• Hydrological base – basins
to watershed
• Transport network – NH to city roads
• 3.5 million location based information – crowd sourcing mechanism
• Digital surface model – entire country – depiction of topography
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4. • Designed to run on slow internet connections
• Satellites – Resourcesat – 1, Cartosat – 1, Cartosat – 2
• Bhuvan 2D and 3D
• Available in 4 languages – English, Hindi, Tamil and Telegu
• Satellite images – almost 350 cities in the
country – 1 m resolution
• Large coverage – majorly Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh
• Future – 1m for entire country.
• Do not include any military installations – security concerns
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5. OVERVIEW
• 22 ministries have integrated to
Bhuvan – e-governance program
• Many departments – linked web
portals to Bhuvan – online services
• IMD – Thunderstorm and Fog alerts
• Disaster support – Cyclones,
Floods, Landslides, Earthquakes, Forest Fire,
Drought – Preparedness and Response
• Rain induced landslide forewarning system
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6. BHUVAN 2D
• Provide – Map View, Satellite View and hybrid
• Terrain view
• Census 2011 information – integrated at village
level – easy analysis
• 2.5D visualization model
• Visualization of ISRO Automatic Weather
Stations – current data
• Online shapefile creation utility
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7. • Visualization of Ocean Services
• Special display of crowd sourced data – collected by
various users and public.
• Map view – administrative and
hydrological base
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8. BHUVAN 3D
• 3 dimensional representation of objects
• Multi sensor, Multi platform, Multi temporal
data with height information.
• 2 possibilities of 3D – with Plug-in and without
plugin
• Facilitates recording options – capture events
on globe and play back.
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9. CONTENTS & APPLICATION
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10. Satellite Base Layers
• 2.5m Color for Entire India
• 1m Color for Indian Cities
• AWiFS Layers (Advanced Wide Field Sensor – 50m)
• LISS-3 Layers (25 m)
• LISS-4 Multi spectral Layers (2.5 m)
Vector Base Layers
• Administrative layers
• Infrastructure layers
• Major Water bodies
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11. Thematic Layers
• Land Use / Land Cover 250K to 10k
• Urban land use 10K (NUIS)
• Wasteland 50K (2008-09)
• Glacial Lakes Water bodies
• Geomorphology 50K (2005-06)
• Lineament 50K
• Flood hazard layer and Flood annual layers
• Erosion 50K (2005-06)
• Salt affected and water logging 50K (2005-06)
• Urban sprawl
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12. Free Data Download
• AWiFS - Ortho-rectified satellite images
• LISS-3 – Ortho-rectified satellite images (25 m resolution)
• DEM – CartoDEM at 30m resolution
• HySI–Hyper-spectral for Pan India
Ocean & Atmospheric Layers
• Ocean Color Monitor Sensor (OCM)-NDVI- Global and Local
• Coverage, Vegetation
• Ocean – Heat Content, TCHP (Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential)
• Ocean Wind – Stress, Curl, Velocity
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13. SATELLITE LAYERS
AVAILABLE IN BHUVAN – WMS (Web Map Service)
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14. High Resolution Images – 2.5m Color
2.5m coverage and State mosaic
• Cartosat-1 provides high resolution images in 2.5m spatial resolution. The fused 2.5m color Natural color
images were made available using Resourcesat-1/2, Linear Imaging Self Scanning System (LISS-4
Multispectral).
• Geographical feature continued Pan India high resolution datasets were available on Bhuvan.
• Spatial Resolution: 2.5m
• Accuracy : Better than 15m
• Coverage: Pan India.
• Accessing Mechanism: Visualization through WMS layers
Frequency :
Layers Number of
Images Acquired
State Mosaics Pan India 2006-09
State Mosaics 4 2012-13
City Mosaics 120
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15. • Cartosat-2/2A/2B provides high resolution images upto 1m spatial resolution. The natural color
composite is made using Resourcesat-1/2 LISS-4 Multispectral by fusion.
• Total of 350 Indian cities high resolution images were available on Bhuvan.
• Pan India high resolution datasets is being generated and 60,000 Sq.Km data is already available.
• Spatial Resolution: 1m
• Accuracy : Better than 15m
• Coverage:Cities & Entire India data is being uploaded.
• Accessing Mechanism: Visualization through WMS layers
Coverage :
Poulation Number of Cities
> 1 Lakh 213
< 1 Lakh 138
Tiles Area in Sq.Km
4 60,000 15

16. AWIFS(50mColor)
Full India AWiFS seasonal mosaics
• ResourceSat-1 & 2 provides 56 m Color data from AWiFS (Advanced Wide Field Sensor).
• AWiFS full India mosaic is generated for three seasons (Kharif - July to October, Rabi – October to
March and Zaid – April to May) of every year.
• Utilized for agriculture and vegetation studies.
• Spatial Resolution: 50m
• Accuracy : Better than 100m
• Coverage: For Entire India
• Accessing Mechanism: Free data download and Visualization through WMS layers
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17. LISS-III Multispectral (25m Color)
LISS-III Full India Coverage
• ResourceSat-1 & 2 and IRS-1C/1D provides 24.5m Color data from LISS-3 sensor.
• Spatial Resolution: 25m
• Accuracy: Better than 100m
• Coverage: For Entire India
• Accessing Mechanism: Free data download and Visualization through WMS layers
• Frequency :
Layer
number
Acquired Date Season Satellite
1 2006 Rabi ResourceSat-1
2 2008 Kharif ResourceSat-1
3 2011 Rabi ResourceSat-2
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18. LISS-IV Multispectral (5m Color)
L4 Multispectral coverage
• ResourceSat-1 & 2 provides 5m Color data from LISS-4 Multispectral sensor. Apart from these satellites, IRS-
1C/1D LISS-3 + PAN fused products also gives 5m Color.
• Spatial Resolution: 5m
• Accuracy : Better than 100m
• Coverage: For Entire India
• Accessing Mechanism: Visualization through WMS layers.
• Frequency :
Layer Area
number
Sensor Acquired Date
1 Full India IRS-1C/1D PAN + MX 2000-2001
2 Full India ResourceSat-1 L4 MX 2006-2009
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19. THEMATIC LAYERS
AVAILABLE IN BHUVAN – WMS (Web Map Service)
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20. LandUseLand Cover
Land Use Land Cover Data – 1:250,000
The map service is on Land use/Land cover map of India on 1:250,000 scale and published under Bhuvan-Thematic Services of
NRSC, ISRO. The LULC maps are generated using multi-temporal satellite data of IRS AWiFS sensor
1. Availability of Datasets
10 cycles Data (2004-05 to2013-14)
2. Data Accuracy
The overall classification accuracy is found to be 90.07 % with a range of 86 to 95 % in different states.
Land Use Land Cover Data – 1:50,000
• Land Use Land Cover mapping on 1:50000 scale for the entire country has been taken up with an objective of generating
digital Land Use/Land Cover database using multi temporal Resourcesat Satellite terrain corrected Linear Imaging Self
Scanning Sensor (LISS) ‐ III data of (Resourcesat) data.
1. Availability of Datasets
Land Use Land Cover (2005-06) – 35 States and UT’s Land Use Land Cover (2011-12) – 35 States and UTS
2. Data Accuracy
Overall accuracy of different LULC classes vary from 79% (like Agro- horticulture) to 97% (like water bodies).
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21. Land Use Land Cover Data – 1:10,000
Land Use Land Cover data for Khagaria district of Bihar State
• This layers generated under Space Based Information Support for Decentralized Planning (SISDP) Project
• The SIS-DP Project outputs - Satellite image maps and thematic maps on 1:10,000 scale generated for the first time in
the country, have great potential in meeting the current requirements and opportunities for spatial, participatory,
integrated decentralized planning in the country.
1. Availability ofDatasets
Land Use Land Cover 10K – 238 districts 21

22. Urban Land Use – 1:10,000 - National Urban Information System (NUIS)
Urban Land Use information for Amritsar town in Punjab State.
• An authentic geospatial database on 1:10,000 scale derived from remote sensing satellite data and GIS techniques is envisaged to monitor
and manage the growth and development of urban landscape by the urban planners and civic authorities under NUIS scheme.
• This decisive task is being achieved today using the High resolution satellite data of Cartosat-1 and Resourcesat-1(LISS-IV) coupled with
ground and collateral data congregated by ISRO with the active participation of partner institutions in the country.
1. Availability of datasets
GIS database is being created for 152 towns in the country. The database would be useful for Master Plan / Development Plan
preparation, Planning and Monitoring.
2. Data Accuracy
The overall classification accuracy is found to be 90 %.
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23. Wasteland – 1:50,000
Wasteland information for Chikmagalur district in Karnataka State.
• Wasteland database has been generated under the wasteland change analysis Project of Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural
Development on 1:50000 scale for the entire country using 3-seasons (Kharif, Rabi and Zaid seasons of 2008-09) Resourcesat-1 LISS-
III data.
1. Availability of datasets
Wasteland 1:10,000 (2008-09) – 27 States
2. Accuracy
Overall accuracy of different Wasteland classes varies from 79% to 92%.
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24. Glacial Lakes Waterbodies
Glacial Lakes and Water bodies in Jammu and Kashmir
• The inventory of glacial lakes and water bodies in the Himalayan (India) region of Indian river basins was carried out under the project
of Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India on 1:250,000 scale for using satellite images Aug,
Sep, Oct, Nov & Dec in 2009 by mapping those glacial lakes and water bodies that are more than 10 ha in size.
• Monitoring of the glacial lakes and water bodies that area more than 50 ha in size was carried out for the months of Jun, Jul, Aug,
Sep & Oct for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 using cloud free satellite data.
1. Availability of Datasets
Glacial Lakes and Water bodies( Indian Himalayan region) – For Three States
2. Accuracy
Overall accuracy of identification of glacial lakes and water bodies vary from 90% to 95%. 24

25. Geomorphology – 1:50000 and Lineament – 1:50,000
Geomorphology data of Kullu Area of Himachal Pradesh.
• Geomorphology and lineament map is an important geo-scientific data for applied geological investigations such
as mineral exploration, geo-hazard studies, geo-technical applications etc.
• Geomorphological and lineament mapping was taken up in association with Geological Survey of India under
the NNRMS standing committee on geology activities.
• The geomorphology and lineament maps were prepared using satellite data and other collateral data sources with
limited field work.
1. Availability of Datasets
Geomorphology - 1:50,000(2005-06) and Lineament – 1:50,000 – 29 States
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26. Erosion 1:50,000
Erosion data of Jalaun district Area of Uttar Pradesh.
• Erosion by water and wind is the most important land degradation process that occurs on the surface of the earth.
• Mapping of erosion due to wind and water on 1:50,000 scale for the entire country has been has been carried out using 3-seasons LISS-
III satellite data of 2005-06, SRTM / Carto DEM, Universal Soil Loss Equation, available soil and rainfall as well as land use/cover
information.
• Adequate field checks were carried out for mapping and accuracy assessment.
1. Availability of Datasets
Erosion - 1:50,000(2005-06) – 21 States
2. Accuracy
Overall accuracy of different erosion classes vary from 82% to 90% depending on terrain conditions and supporting data availability.
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27. SOFTWARE AND ARCHITECTURE
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28. • Bhuvan provides a gateway to explore and discover the virtual Earth in 2-
Dimensional, 3-Dimensional space
• The Bhuvan 2D interface is built using OpenLayers - a popular, open source WMS
client.
• The 2D map browser provides map navigation, map panning, line drawing, point
polygon, overview map, linear and areal measurement, and search
• Bhuvan enables users to share and overlay maps and geospatial feature data
through services that implement
 OGC Web Map Service (WMS)
 Web Feature Service (WFS) interface standards
 OGC KML encoding standard.
“Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host”
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29. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international industry consortium
of over 521 companies, government agencies and universities participating in a
consensus process to develop publicly available interface standards.
The OpenGIS® Web Map Service Interface Standard (WMS) provides a simple
HTTP interface for requesting geo-registered map images from one or more
distributed geospatial databases. The response to the request is one or more geo-
registered map images (returned as JPEG, PNG, etc) that can be displayed in a
browser application.
“Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host” 29

30. The Web Feature Service (WFS) specification defines interfaces for
describing data manipulation operations of geographic features. Data
manipulation operations include the ability to get or query features based on
spatial and non-spatial constraints, create a new feature instance, delete a
feature instance, update a feature instance
 KML (Keyhole Mark-up Language) is an XML language focused on
geographic visualization, including annotation of maps and images.
Geographic visualization includes not only the presentation of graphical
data on the globe, but also the control of the user's navigation in the sense of
where to go and where to look
“Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host” 30

31. “Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host”
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32. • Switches allow different devices on a network to communicate.
• Routers allow different networks to communicate. A router is a networking
device that routes data packets between computer networks. A router can connect
networked computers to the Internet, so multiple users can share a connection.
• A SAN file system (Storage Area NetworkS file system) is programming that
enables the sharing of the same copies of files stored on common storage media
among multiple servers that may have different operating systems.
 system simplifies and streamlines SAN management,
 minimizes storage and retrieval time,
 optimizes the use of storage resources,
 allows network components to be scaled individually,
 eliminates the need for storage redundancy.
“Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host” 32

33. “Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host”
Mobile App Architecture
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34. “Browse, Visualise, Create, Analyse, Share and Host”
 The Bhuvan mobile app architecture brings in an ordered approach to the
field data collection process with benefits like: enhanced ease collected
information, enabling near real time data utilization, data management and
protection at 24 x 7 data centre facility.
 The collected data is encapsulated in the form of an XML-encoded document
along with the field photos in jpeg format. The data can be sent from field in
near real time to Bhuvan server via the network connectivity available on the
smart phone like GPRS/ 3G.
 Alternatively, the saved data sets can be transmitted to the server
subsequently as and when network connectivity is present.
 The user is also provided with a choice to edit the attribute/ parameter values
(but not the geo-location or the photos) prior to the sending the observation.
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35. Sources
• http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan_links.php
 Bhuvan User Handbook
 Bhuvan Geospatial Content
 Software Specifications
 Bhuvan Data Content And Map Standards
 Bhuvan Mobile Applications
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