It is a anti- hypertensive drug. It is non-selective beta blocker drug. Hence it is beta blocker drug so it has many side effect.Not only Propranolol but also Timolol,Atenolol are beta blocker drugs.
Lecture covers the pharmacology of anticholinergic drugs. Includes classification, therapeutic uses, adverse effects of anticholinergics. Atropine has been described as prototype drug.
It is a anti- hypertensive drug. It is non-selective beta blocker drug. Hence it is beta blocker drug so it has many side effect.Not only Propranolol but also Timolol,Atenolol are beta blocker drugs.
Lecture covers the pharmacology of anticholinergic drugs. Includes classification, therapeutic uses, adverse effects of anticholinergics. Atropine has been described as prototype drug.
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about autonomic nervous system. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
Immunosupressants and Immunostimulants their pharmacology, uses etc. Basics of immunology, innate immune response, acquired immune response, role of complement in innate immune response. Major histocompatibility complex, antibody structure. classification of immunosupressants, their mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects.
Pharmacology of antimalarial drugs with treatment of malaria. mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin compounds.
Antileprosy drugs have been described with their pharmacology also this topic covers Multidrug treatment for leprosy including paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy and lepra reactions
Pharmacology of cephalosporins, monobactums and carbapenums including their mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects.
The various generations of cephalosporins and their spectrum of action
Pharmacology of Penicllins (Beta lactam antibiotics), description of their mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, classification, indications and adverse effects
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusNaser Tadvi
These slides contain the brief description of Insulin and the other oral drugs indicated in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Their mechanism of action, effects, uses, Adverse effects etc.
Introduction to Autonomic Nervous systemNaser Tadvi
Lecture intends to give a brief overview of autonomic nervous system.
it includes the anatomical distribution of ANS, Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission, receptors for ANS and synthesis of the neurotransmitters, Acetylcholine and Catecholamines
Lecture includes definition of bioassay, Types of Assay and Bioassay , Indications, principles, advantages of bioassay. Example of a Bioassay with calculations. This lecture will be of help for postgraduate pharmacology students as well as undergraduates
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. Catecholamines produce their action
by direct combination with receptors
located on cell membrane
Outcome of this drug receptor
combination is either ↑ or ↓ in tissue
activity
Ahlquist 1948
Alpha & beta receptors
9. Pharmacological actions
Effects of blockade
No marked effect on normal heart in
subject at rest
In presence of ↑ sympathetic tone
• ↓ automaticity and prevents rise in HR
• ↓ Myocardial contractility, cardiac output
and stroke work
• Slows AV conduction
• ↓ myocardial oxygen requirement &
improves exercise tolerance
18. Significance of intrinsic
sympathomimetic action
Less bradycardia & depression of
contractility
Less likely withdrawl symptoms
Lipid profile less worsened
Not effective in migraine prophylaxis
Not suitable for secondary prophylaxis
of MI
23. Cardioselective blockers
Advantages
Lower chances for bronchoconstriction
Less interference with carbohydrate
metabolism and lipid profile
↓ incidence of cold extremities
↓precipitation of raynauds disease
Less impairment of exercise tolerance
Disadvantage
Ineffective in essential tremors
24. Pharmacokinetics of propranolol
Well absorbed , low bioavailability, high first
pass metabolism in liver
Lipophilic
Metabolism dependent on hepatic blood flow
Chronic use of propranolol ↓es hepatic blood flow
Bioavailability and t1/2 ↑ed by 30 % on repeated
administration
Food decreases first pass metabolism
Saturable metabolism at higher doses
Metabolites have blocking action
90% protein bound
Dose oral = 10 mg BD to 160 mg QID
26. Lipid insoluble beta blockers
Atenolol, sotalol, bisoprolol, acebutolol
Less central effects
Incompletely absorbed orally but do not
undergo first pass metabolism, excreted
mostly unchanged in urine
Longer acting 6-20 hrs
Effective in narrow dose range
Propranolol is the most lipid soluble beta
blocker
27. Adverse effects & contraindications
1. Can accenuate myocardial insufficiency &
precipitate CHF by blocking sympathetic
support to heart in CVS stress
2. Bradycardia
3. COPD, Bronchial asthma
4. Exacerbates variant, prinzmetal angina
5. Impairment of carbohydrate tolerance in
prediabetics
6. Increase TG & LDL/HDL ratio
7. Rebound hypertension, angina on withdrawl
28. Adverse effects & contraindication
8. Contraindicated in partial & complete heart
block – arrest may occur
9. Tiredness , decreased exercise capacity
10. Cold hands & feet – worsening of PVD due
to blockade of vasodilator Beta 2
11. Adverse events not due to beta blockade:
GIT upset, lack of drive, night mares, forgetfulness,
rarely hallucination , sexual distress
31. Salient features
Sotalol:
Non selective, lower lipid solubility, class 3
antiarrhythmic
Timolol:
Topical preferred in glaucoma
Betaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol (Local
acting)
Pindolol:
Non selective, intrinsic sympathomimetic
action
Metoprolol:
Cardioselective , less first pass metabolism
32. Salient features
Atenolol:
Cardioselective
Low lipid solubility
No significant first pass metabolism
Longer DOA 6-9 Hrs
No deleterious effect on lipid profile
Effective in narrow dose range
Most commonly used beta blocker for
angina & hypertension
35. Hypertension:
First line drugs
• Absence of postural hypotension
• Low adverse events
• Once daily dose
• Low cost
• Cardioprotective potential
Angina pectoris:
Decrease work load and Oxygen
requirement by heart
Favourable redistribution of blood
36. Myocardial infarction:
Catecholamines released during MI
More useful if ongoing pain, tachycardia,
hypertension , ventricular rhythm instability
Secondary prophylaxis;
• Prevent reinfarction
• Prevent sudden ventricular fibrillation
Myocardial salvage during evolution of MI:
• Limit infarct size by decreasing oxygen consumption
• Marginal tissue which is partly ischemic may survive
• May prevent arrhythmias VF
37. Cardiac arrhythmias
Supress tachycardias & extrasystoles
mediated by adrenergic system
Control ventricular rate in Atrial fibrillation &
flutter
Esmolol alternative drug for paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia
Dissecting aortic aneurysm:
Decrease contractile force & aortic pulsation
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Decrease LV outflow obstruction
38. Congestive cardiac failure:
Negative ionotropic effect? Worsen
ventricular function
1970 waagstein & associates found improved
exercise tolerance & improvement in several
measures of ventricular function.
Immediately after starting beta blockers
• Decrease in systolic function as reflected by
decrease in ejection fraction however continued
treatment over 2-4 months systolic function
gradually improves
This is due to prevention of adverse
effects of NA on myocardium that are
mediated by beta adrenergic receptors
40. Alpha + beta blocker
Labetolol:
5 times more potent for beta receptors
Has weak beta 2 agonist action also
Decrease blood pressure by 3 mechanisms
Orally effective but extensive first pass
metabolism
Uses: hypertension, pheochromocytoma,
clonidine withdrawl,
Side effects: postural hypotension, failure of
ejaculation, other side effects of alpha & beta
blockers
NON equilibrium type: phenoxybenzamine
Equilibrium type (competitive)
Non selective- ergotamine, ergotoxine, dihydroergotamine and dihydroergotoxine , tolazoline, phentolamine
Alpha1 selective: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, Tamsulosin
Alpha2 selective- Yohimbine
Uses of alpha blockers:
pheochromocytoma
hypertension
benign hypertrophy of prostrate
secondary shock
peripheral vascular disease
congestive cardiac failure
papaverine / phentolamine induced penile erection therapy for impotence
Powell & slater - Dichloro-isoproterenol 1958 first beta blocker having agonistic action
Pronethalol first pure beta blocker but caused thymic tumors in mice by sir james black
Propranolol has equal affinity for beta1 and beta2 receptors it is a pure antagonist
Local anaesthetics like procaine prevent the increase in permeability of cell membrane to sodium ion which is the first event in depolarization (sodium channel block) thus an action potential is not generated. This action affecting the process of depolarization leading to failure of propogation of impulse without affecting resting potential is known as membrane stabilizing effect.
Cardiac response to exercise and to other situations in which sympathetic activity is increased is attenuated
Total coronary blood flow is decreased which is largely restricted to subepicardial region , while subendocardial area which is site for ishemia in angina patients is not affected over all effect in angina is
Some beta blockers have additional actional through NO production (celiprolol, carteolol), calcium channel blocking- carvedilol , potassium channel opening tilisolol
Increase the bronchial muscle tone in asthamatics in normal persons no effect because sympathetic bronchodilator tone is minimal. In asthamatics condition is consistently worsened and severe attack may be precipitated
No overt central effects are produced
Propranolol is a potent local anaesthetic agent but cannot be used because of its irritant activity
Inhibits adrenergically mediated tremor
Decrease exercise capacity by attenuating the blood supply to muscles and by limiting glycogenolysis and lipolysis, which provide fuel to working muscles.
No consistent effect on pupillary size or accomodation
Oral : parenteral dose ratio 40:1
Metabolite of propranolol hydroxypropranolol makes frequency of administration BD possible
Plasma half life of drugs mostly metabolized by liver is short 2-3 Hrs whereas drugs excreted unchanged by kidneys have long 8 to 12 hrs half life
The plasma half life does not corelate well with duration of therapeutic effects of beta blockers which is relatively long lasting. This is because plasma levels decline exponentially following forst order kinetics while effect decreases linearly following zero order kinetics. Hence ,ost peparations can be given orally at much longer intervals than suggested by their plasma half lives
Chlorpromazine increased bioavailability by retarding metabolism