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calcium channel blockers

The document discusses calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which are a class of antihypertensive drugs. CCBs work by blocking calcium channels, thereby relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure. They are classified into phenylalkylamines, dihydropyridines, and benzothiazepines. CCBs are effective antihypertensives and are also used to treat angina by dilating coronary arteries and reducing oxygen demand of the heart. Their adverse effects include headaches, dizziness, and hypotension. CCBs are contraindicated in conditions like heart failure and bradycardia.

Health & Medicine◦Technology◦
Calcium channel blockers Symposium on : Antihypertensive drugs.. Presented by : AASHNA DHINGRA Roll no. 03
 INTRODUCTION  CLASSIFICATION  MECHANISM OF ACTION  PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS  PHARMACOKINETICS  USES  ADVERSE EFECTS  CONTRAINDICATIONS Layout of the presentation :
INTRODUCTION.. also known as calcium antagonists.  prevent calcium from infiltrating the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls. relaxes and widens blood vessels of the heart within the arterial walls, promoting lowered blood pressure. may also slow the heart rate, relieve chest pressure and control an irregular heartbeat.
 they are first line antihypertensive drugs.  the onset of antihypertensive action is quick.  monotherapy with CCBs is effective in about 50% of the hypertensives.  can also be used for treating angina.
 PHENYLAKYLAMINES Verapamil Very  1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES  Nifedipine Nice  BENZOTHIAZEPINES Diltiazem
1,4 dihydopyrimidines are selective for the arteriolar beds. The phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines are selective for the atrioventricular node.
Short-acting • nifedipine, dilatiazem, verapamil Long-acting • amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine,
Mechanism of action.. o Calcium channels are of 5 subtypes- L, N, T, P, and R. o L-type in cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
Moa : CCBs block voltage sensitive L- type Ca channels by binding to specific site on the α-1 subunit. Prevent entry of Ca into cell. No excitation-coupling reaction in heart and vascular smooth muscles.
 Increase the time that Ca2+ channels are closed.  Relaxation of the arterial smooth muscle.  Significant reduction in afterload.  Coronary vasodilatation. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS..
PHARMACOKINECTICS..  well absorbed through Git.  first pass metabolism.  highly bound to plasma proteins.  metabolised in liver.  excreted through urine.
USES OF CCBs.. 1. angina pectoris - Due to decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption, and dilatation of coronary arteries. 2. supraventicular arrhythmias - because of its depressant action on S-A and A-V nodes. 3. hypertension - they control blood pressure by their vasodilatory effect. 4. Migraine 5. raynaud’s phenomenon - due to their vasodilatory property.
ADVERSE EFFECTS..  Postural hypotension  palpitation  reflex tachycardia  edema  dizziness  constipation  sedation  A-V block  headache  fatigue  lowered B.P.
CONTRAINDICATIONS o Heart failure o Bradycardia o Atrioventricular block. o Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers should not be used in people with uncontrolled heart failure.
SUMMARY..
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