Beriberi is a disease caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency that can affect the heart and circulatory system (wet beriberi) or the nerves (dry beriberi). Symptoms of wet beriberi include shortness of breath and leg swelling, while dry beriberi causes muscle weakness and paralysis. Beriberi is treated with thiamine supplementation and is more common in those with alcohol use disorder or those eating diets lacking thiamine-rich foods like whole grains.
Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal.
There are two types of pellagra, known as primary pellagra and secondary pellagra.
Primary pellagra is caused by diets low in niacin or tryptophan
Secondary pellagra occurs when your body can’t absorb niacin
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A decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough red blood cells.It is an organ specific autoimmune diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the stomach.
It was considered as a deadly disease due to the lack of available treatment.
Pernicious anemia is most common in caucasian persons of north European ancestry than in other racial groups.
Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal.
There are two types of pellagra, known as primary pellagra and secondary pellagra.
Primary pellagra is caused by diets low in niacin or tryptophan
Secondary pellagra occurs when your body can’t absorb niacin
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A decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough red blood cells.It is an organ specific autoimmune diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the stomach.
It was considered as a deadly disease due to the lack of available treatment.
Pernicious anemia is most common in caucasian persons of north European ancestry than in other racial groups.
Megaloblastic anaemia is a red blood cell disorder due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis during erythropioesis.
Mitotically, the inhibition of the DNA synthesis impaires the progression of the cell cycle development from G2 to (M) stage.
Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver. It is a non-specific medical sign having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection, direct toxicity, hepatic tumors, or metabolic disorder. Often, hepatomegaly will present as an abdominal mass. Depending on the cause, it may sometimes present along with jaundice.
Eating a diet high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes.
Choosing lean, low-fat sources of protein.
Limiting sweets, soft drinks, and foods with added sugar.
Including proteins, carbohydrates, and a little good fat in all meals and snacks.
Megaloblastic anaemia is a red blood cell disorder due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis during erythropioesis.
Mitotically, the inhibition of the DNA synthesis impaires the progression of the cell cycle development from G2 to (M) stage.
Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver. It is a non-specific medical sign having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection, direct toxicity, hepatic tumors, or metabolic disorder. Often, hepatomegaly will present as an abdominal mass. Depending on the cause, it may sometimes present along with jaundice.
Eating a diet high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes.
Choosing lean, low-fat sources of protein.
Limiting sweets, soft drinks, and foods with added sugar.
Including proteins, carbohydrates, and a little good fat in all meals and snacks.
This presentation is only to be accessed by people who have attended the presentation or a one to one consultation with Yvonne Bishop-Weston. Please do not re-produce in any format and please note that the content is not a substitute for medical advice and to check with your GP especially if you are taking any medications or have any health conditions. For one to one consultations with Yvonne in person or via Skype or phone please see ...........
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AND PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITIONRabia Khan Baber
Nutritional disorder are diseases that occur when a person's dietary intake does not contain the right amount of nutrients for healthy functioning, or when a person cannot correctly absorb nutrients from food. Nutritional disorders can be caused by undernutrition, over nutrition or an incorrect balance of nutrients.
Global Medical Cures™ | Lactose Intolerance & Osteoporosis
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
A Comprehensive Introduction to Vitamins and its chemistry, source, RDA, classification, deficiency states and biological importance. This will give readers a overall insight to this topic.
Food technology
Nutritional disorder and its causes and also its corrective measurement
like marasmus, anaemia. kwashiorkor, goiter, fluorosis and xeropthalmia
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
Beriberi is a disease caused by a vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.
There are two types of the disease: wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet
beriberi affects the heart and circulatory system. In extreme cases,
wet beriberi can cause heart failure. Dry beriberi damages the nerves
and can lead to a loss of muscle strength and eventually, muscle
paralysis. Beriberi can be life-threatening if it isn’t treated.
If you have access to foods rich in thiamine, such as beans,
vegetables, meat, and whole grains, your chances of developing
beriberi are low. Today, beriberi mostly occurs in people with an
alcohol use disorder (alcoholism)
WHAT IS BERIBERI?
3. WHAT CAUSES BERIBERI? WHO IS AT RISK?
The main cause of beriberi is a diet low in thiamine. The disease is very rare
in regions with access to vitamin-enriched foods (e.g., breakfast cereals and
breads). Beriberi is most common in regions of the world where the diet
includes a lot of unenriched white rice, which only has a tenth of the amount
of thiamine as brown rice.
• Alcohol abuse can make it hard for your body to absorb and store thiamine.
• Genetic beriberi is a rare condition that prevents the body from absorbing
thiamine.
• Pregnant women, breast-feeding mothers, and anyone with hyperthyroidism
(over-active thyroid gland) need extra thiamine.
• Prolonged diarrhea or use of diuretics (medication that makes you urinate
more) can lead to depletion of thiamine.
• Infants drinking breast milk or formula low in thiamine are at risk for thiamine
deficiency.
• Kidney dialysis can increase your risk of beriberi by depleting your body’s
stores of thiamine more quickly.
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
4. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BERIBERI?
The symptoms of beriberi vary depending on the type (wet
or dry). The following are symptoms of wet beriberi:
•shortness of breath during physical activity
•waking up short of breath
•rapid heart rate
•swollen lower legs
The symptoms of dry beriberi include:
•decreased muscle function, particularly in the lower legs
•tingling or loss of feeling in the feet and hands
•pain
•mental confusion
•difficulty speaking
•vomiting
•involuntary eye movement
•paralysis
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
5. ETIOLOGY
Risk factors (non-modifiable)
Female gender
Increasing age
Family history
White or Asian ethnicity
Small stature
Early menopause
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
7. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Peak bone mass is achieved before
age 20
Bone loss after midlife is inevitable
but rate of loss is variable
Bone resorption exceeds bone
deposition
Bones become weakened and prone to
fracture, loss of height, and kyphosis.
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
8. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Diseases associated with osteoporosis
Intestinal malabsorption
Kidney disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Hyperthyroidism
Chronic alcoholism
Cirrhosis of the liver
Hypergonadism
Diabetes mellitus
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
9. OSTEOPOROSIS
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Clinical Manifestations
Known as silent disease
Diagnosis
Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
History and physical
Quantitative ultrasound
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
11. TREATMENT AND NURSING CARE
Diet Therapy
Weight bearing Exercises
Decrease Risk Factors
Quit smoking and decrease consumption of alcohol
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12. DRUG TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSISEstrogen Replacement Therapy
Calcium & Vitamin D supplements
Calcitonin
Biphosphonates (Fosamax, Didronel,
Actonel, Boniva, Aredia, Bonefos, Skelid)
Selective Estrogen receptor modulator –
Evista
Teriparatide (Forteo)
Portion of parathyroid hormone
First drug to stimulate new bone formation
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
13. MEDICATIONS USED IN
TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSISHormone Replacement Therapy – Estrogen
Controversy over use. Should discuss with health care provider
Calcium
There are a variety of calcium supplements available
(See Table 64-16, p. 1689).
They should be taken with _______ _ to aid in absorption.
Also if taking large doses i.e. 1000 mg. / day – take in divided
doses of 500mg BID for better absorption
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14. MEDICATIONS USED IN
TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSISCalcitonin
If calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by opposing the effects of parathyroid
hormone, how does that affect serum calcium levels?
What is needed to counter that effect?
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
15. MEDICATIONS USED IN
TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSISBisphosphenates – (Fosamax)
Inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption thereby increasing BMD
and total bone mass.
Side effects – anorexia, weight loss, gastritis
Patient Teaching
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN
16. MEDICATIONS USED IN
TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSISSelective Estrogen Receptor
Modulators
Mimic effect of estrogen on bone by reducing bone resorption without stimulating
the breasts or uterus.
Side effects
Leg cramps
Hot flashes
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18. OSTEOMALACIA
Decalcification and softening of the bone
Caused mainly by: vitamin D deficiency
**Vitamin D is required for the absorption of
calcium from the intestine and calcium is
responsible for mineralization of bone
Etiology
Lack of exposure to __________ ____
GI malabsorption, extensive burns, chronic diarrhea, pregnancy, drugs
such as Dilantin.
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19. OSTEOMALACIA
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Most Common
____ ____
Difficulty rising from a chair
Difficulty walking
Additional Signs and Symptoms
Low back pain, muscle weakness
Weight loss, progressive deformities
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20. DIAGNOSIS
Blood work
Decreased serum calcium or phosphorus
Decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Elevated alkaline phosphatase
X-Rays
Show loose’rs transformation zone –
ribbons of decalcification in bone
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21. OSTEOMALACIA
TREATMENT AND NURSING CAREDrug Therapy
Diet Therapy
Milk, yogurt, cheese
Dark green leafy vegetables, okra, broccoli
Fish and seafood
Almonds
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23. PAGET’S DISEASE
Excessive bone resorption followed by
replacement of normal marrow by
vascular, fibrous connective tissue.
The new bone is ______, ____________,
___ ______
Most often affect the pelvis,
long bones, spine,
ribs, sternum, and cranium
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24. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
In milder form, none
Common early symptom--
Fatigue
Waddling gait
Loss of height
Increased head size
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26. PAGET’S DISEASE
Diagnosis
Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
X-ray will show increase in bone size
Bone scan shows increased uptake in affected bones
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27. DRUG TREATMENT FOR PAGET’S
Drug Therapy
Calcitonin-salmon (Miacalcin)
Bone is in a constant state of remodeling, whereby old
bone is removed by osteoclasts, and new bone is laid
down by osteoblasts. Calcitonin inhibits bone removal
by osteoclasts, and promotes bone formation by
osteoblasts.
NSAIDS
Bisphosphonates
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28. PAGET’S DISEASE
Other treatments and Nursing Care
Back support by firm mattress
Teaching about use of splints or braces to support bones and joints and help
prevent weakened bones - skin care, circulation, etc.
Teach how to correctly use canes or walkers
Physical therapy
Diet high in…what?
VISIT US: DENTALTUTOR.IN