Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. It results from several weeks or months without vitamin C in the diet. Symptoms include bleeding gums, loose teeth, and skin hemorrhages. Treatment involves consuming vitamin C through foods like oranges and broccoli or supplements. Scurvy was historically common in sailors who lacked fresh fruits and vegetables for long periods at sea.
Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal.
There are two types of pellagra, known as primary pellagra and secondary pellagra.
Primary pellagra is caused by diets low in niacin or tryptophan
Secondary pellagra occurs when your body can’t absorb niacin
Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal.
There are two types of pellagra, known as primary pellagra and secondary pellagra.
Primary pellagra is caused by diets low in niacin or tryptophan
Secondary pellagra occurs when your body can’t absorb niacin
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. Vitamin C
• Vitamin C -known as ascorbic acid - is a water-soluble vitamin.
• Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own
vitamin C. Therefore, we must obtain vitamin C through our diet. [1]+[3]
• Fun fact: "ascorbic acid" comes from the New Latin "scorbutus" meaning
scurvy!
FIGURE 1 Chemical structure of
ascorbic acid. [2]
3. What Is Scurvy?
• Scurvy is a vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency that results
from a few weeks to months of no vitamin C or 20 to 40 days
• We’ve known of it since ancient Greek and Egyptian times
• It was most common in sailors throughout the 16th
-18th
century
due to vitamin C deprivation for long periods of time
• Cases today are rare
4. Why Do We Need Vitamin
C?• 1.Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron
• 2.We are unable to make vitamin C on our own so we need to get it from other sources like
citrus fruits.
• Cause: It is caused by environmental factors, not genetic factors
• Deprivation of vitamin C due to famine, anorexia, restrictive diets, or difficulty orally ingesting
foods
• Who Is Susceptible? It affects all races with no sexual disposition
• It can occur at any age
• Elderly people, alcoholics, or those that have a diet with little to no fruits and
vegetables
• You will also see it in countries that suffer from famine
5. Symptoms
Early Symptoms
•Appetite loss, poor weight gain, diarrhea, rapid breathing, fever,
irritability, tenderness and discomfort in legs, swelling over long
bones, bleeding, and feelings of paralysis
Progressed Symptoms
•Bleeding of the gums, loosened teeth, petechial hemorrhage of the
skin and mucous membranes, bleeding in the eye, proptopsis of the
eyeball, constochondral beading, hyperkeratosis, corkscrew hair, and
sicca syndrome
7. Treatment
• Adults RDA for vitamin C is 75mg to 90mg
• Smokers need 35mg more of vitamin C
• Doctors recommend 250mg of vitamin C is you have scurvy
• Eat Vitamin C rich foods
• You should start to see an improvement about 48 hours after starting treatment
• Extra vitamin C will be excreted in urine
• Surgery is unnecessary
8. Diet Plan
Day 1
Breakfast: Oatmeal with wheat toast and 1cup of orange juice 82 mg Vitamin C
Lunch: Turkey sandwich with 1 cup of cantaloupe 68 mg Vitamin C
Dinner: 12 oz. prime rib with 1cup of mashed potatoes and 1/2 cup 73 mg Vitamin C
of broccoli
Dessert: 1cup of strawberries 80 mg Vitamin C
Total: 303 mg Vitamin C
9. Functions
• Synthesis of collagen, an important structural component of blood vessels,
scar tissues, tendons, ligaments, and bone.
• Synthesis of the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine critical to brain
function and are known to affect mood.
• Highly effective antioxidant protect proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates,
and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) from damage by free radicals.
• Regenerate other antioxidants such as vitamin E.
• vitamin C is required for the synthesis of carnitine, a small molecule that is
essential for the transport of fat to mitochondria, for conversion to energy.
[1]+[3]
10. Sources [4]
Food Serving Vitamin C (mg(
Orange juice ¾cup (6 ounces( 75
Grapefruit juice ¾cup (6 ounces( 60
Orange medium 1 70
Grapefruit ½medium 44
Strawberries cup, whole 1 82
Tomato medium 1 23
Sweet red pepper ½cup, raw
chopped
141
Broccoli ½cup, cooked 58
Potato 1medium, baked 26
11. Vitamin C Deficiency
Disease result from severe vitamin C deficiency :
Scurvy
Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke
Cataracts
Lead toxicity [4]
12. Scurvy
• It has been known for many centuries as the potentially fatal disease.
• By the late 1700's the British navy was aware that scurvy could be cured
by eating oranges or lemons, even though vitamin C would not be isolated
until the early 1930's. [4]
13. Cool Scurvy Dudes:
• Captain James Cook
James Lind, a pioneer in
the field of scurvy prevention.
14. • People at risk of scurvy include:
• People with chronic malnutrition or those that eat less than 2
servings of fruits/vegetables per day
• Alcoholics
• Elderly
• Men who live alone (bachelor or widower scurvy)
• Children
• People on peculiar diets or food fads
• People with other medical conditions that may prevent the
intake and/or absorption of vitamin C
• Dialysis patients
• Malabsorption disorders
• Severe dyspepsia. [2]+[1]
15. Diagnosis
• The diagnosis of scurvy is primarily a clinical
one, based on a dietary history of inadequate
vitamin C intake and the signs and symptoms
described here.
16. Signs & Symptoms
• Symptoms of scurvy generally develop after at least 3 months
of severe or total vitamin C deficiency, they includes:
• Weakness & fatigue
• Bruising easily & bleeding from weakening blood vessel,
connective tissue & bones due to collagen loss.
• Hair, teeth loss & gingivitis .
• Infants may be irritable, have pain when they move, and lose
their appetite. Infants do not gain weight as they
normally do. In infants and children, bone growth is impaired,
and bleeding and anemia may occur. [1]+[2]
17. Complications
• Skin problems: one of the first signs of scurvy is the development of
perifollicular hyperkeratotic papules, These appear as reddish/bluish
bruise-like spots surrounding hair follicles. The central hairs are twisted
like corkscrews that may break easily. The papules may join together to
form large areas of palpable purpura or ecchymoses (bruises).
• Oral problems: gums may swell and become red, soft and spongy. Any
slight friction may cause the gums to bleed. Often this results in poor oral
hygiene and dental diseases.
• Musculoskeletal problems: bleeding in the joints causes extreme
discomfort and pain. Joints may be swollen and tender and the pain can
be so severe that patients cannot walk.
• Heart and lung problems: shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and
chest pain leading to shock and death. [2]
19. Treatment & Prevention
• Treatment is simply with vitamin C supplements taken orally.
• The adult dose is 800-1000mg/day for at least 1 week, then 400mg/day
untill complete recovery.
• In the U.S., the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C was
recently revised upward from 60 mg daily for men and women. The RDA
continues to be based primarily on the prevention of deficiency disease,
rather than the prevention of chronic disease and the promotion of
optimum health.
• Infants who are being weaned from breast milk to cow's milk need a
supplement containing vitamin C. [5]+[2]
20. References
• [1] DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium,
and Carotenoids, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine,
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. pp. 95 -115
• [2] http://dermnetnz.org/systemic/pdf/scurvy-vitamincdeficiency-
dermnetnz.pdf
• [3] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/002404.htm
• [4] http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminC/
• [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy#Prevention