SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Accessory minerals importance in granite petrology: a review and case studiesAstrid Siachoque
Accessory minerals have an influence on petrogenetic studies far greater than their abundances might suggest. Accessory phases as zircon, monazite, apatite, allanite, rutile, baddeleyite, titanite and xenotime differ widely from one another in structure and composition. This is because they tend to incorporate elements that are important tracers of geochemical processes (rare earth elements) as well as valuable geochronometers (U and/or Th). It is important, therefore, to understand the growth histories of accessory phases through the distribution of trace elements in these minerals. In order to understand the importance of accessory minerals in igneous petrology was considering the chemical properties of trace elements, with particular emphasis on how they behave in nature. It was introduce the quantitative means of describing trace element distribution, the principles of trace element modeling, the use of mineral/melt distribution coefficients and the application of saturation temperaturates in zircon and apatite to determinate the crystallization parameters in the petrogenesis of igneous rocks (principally in granites).
Review of the geotectonic setting of the Graciosa Province SE-Brazil, and geo...Astrid Siachoque
The Graciosa Province includes some of the most expressive Neoproterozoic occurrences of A-types granites and syenites in southern Brazil formed in extensional post-collisional tectonic environments during the final stages of the Brasiliano/Pan- American Cycle. Plutons from this region are characterized by the coexistence of alkaline and aluminous petrographic associations, which makes this region interesting for a better understanding of the genetic relationships between these two petrographic associations. Petrographic evidences for hydrothermal alteration are locally found in two occurrences of the province, it is the case of Mandira and Guaraú plutons. The petrographic varieties known in these plutons show special mineralogy characteristics when compared to other occurrences in the province. Some of them are the significant occurrences of metasomatized rocks, including albitised granites and greisens, which are interesting examples for the study of accessory minerals behavior.
An arsenic corrosion inhibitor named W-41 was used at Lake St. John oilfield in the 1950s. The geochemical signature of the arsenic usage and its migration is preserved in shallow groundwater below the old oilfield pits.
a reductive dissolution model to explain shallow groundwater arsenic was used in Lake St. John Field by Geosyntec (2008). However, public records indicate arsenic-based corrosion inhibitors were used in the field. Extensive publically-available geochemical data indicate the model does not explain the pit-related groundwater arsenic.
Accessory minerals importance in granite petrology: a review and case studiesAstrid Siachoque
Accessory minerals have an influence on petrogenetic studies far greater than their abundances might suggest. Accessory phases as zircon, monazite, apatite, allanite, rutile, baddeleyite, titanite and xenotime differ widely from one another in structure and composition. This is because they tend to incorporate elements that are important tracers of geochemical processes (rare earth elements) as well as valuable geochronometers (U and/or Th). It is important, therefore, to understand the growth histories of accessory phases through the distribution of trace elements in these minerals. In order to understand the importance of accessory minerals in igneous petrology was considering the chemical properties of trace elements, with particular emphasis on how they behave in nature. It was introduce the quantitative means of describing trace element distribution, the principles of trace element modeling, the use of mineral/melt distribution coefficients and the application of saturation temperaturates in zircon and apatite to determinate the crystallization parameters in the petrogenesis of igneous rocks (principally in granites).
Review of the geotectonic setting of the Graciosa Province SE-Brazil, and geo...Astrid Siachoque
The Graciosa Province includes some of the most expressive Neoproterozoic occurrences of A-types granites and syenites in southern Brazil formed in extensional post-collisional tectonic environments during the final stages of the Brasiliano/Pan- American Cycle. Plutons from this region are characterized by the coexistence of alkaline and aluminous petrographic associations, which makes this region interesting for a better understanding of the genetic relationships between these two petrographic associations. Petrographic evidences for hydrothermal alteration are locally found in two occurrences of the province, it is the case of Mandira and Guaraú plutons. The petrographic varieties known in these plutons show special mineralogy characteristics when compared to other occurrences in the province. Some of them are the significant occurrences of metasomatized rocks, including albitised granites and greisens, which are interesting examples for the study of accessory minerals behavior.
An arsenic corrosion inhibitor named W-41 was used at Lake St. John oilfield in the 1950s. The geochemical signature of the arsenic usage and its migration is preserved in shallow groundwater below the old oilfield pits.
a reductive dissolution model to explain shallow groundwater arsenic was used in Lake St. John Field by Geosyntec (2008). However, public records indicate arsenic-based corrosion inhibitors were used in the field. Extensive publically-available geochemical data indicate the model does not explain the pit-related groundwater arsenic.
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Shree Prasad Vista (Nepal)
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Shree Prasad Vista (Nepal)
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. The capital letters like H, O, A, E, B, C and R represent the
master horizons and layers of soils.
The capital letters are the base symbols to which other
characters are added to complete the designation (i.e.
2Btg1).
Most are genetic soil horizons, reflecting a qualitative
judgement about the kind of changes which have taken
place.
Genetic horizons are not equivalent to diagnostic
horizons, although they may be identical in soil profiles.
Diagnostic horizons are quantitatively defined features
used in classification.
MASTER HORIZONS AND LAYERS
3. Code Determination
Mineral horizons
A Surface or near-surface mineral horizon with some organic accumulation, usually a darker
colour than underlying horizons and/or smaller clay content than underlying horizons.
E A near-surface mineral horizon characterized by a loss of clay, iron, aluminium, or some
combination of these; usually lighter in color (higher value and/or lower chroma) than the
overlying A and underlying B.
B A mineral horizon characterised by one or more of the following: a concentration of clay, iron,
aluminium, organic material or several of these; a structure and/or consistence unlike the
horizons above and below; stronger colours (higher chroma and/or redder hue) than the
horizons above and below.
C Consolidated or unconsolidated material, usually partly weathered, little affected by pedogenic
processes.
R Hard bedrock that cannot be cut with a spade.
Organic horizons
O Horizons dominated by organic material consisting of undecomposed organic materials that
have accumulated on the surface of either mineral or organic soils. O horizons are not saturated
with water for prolonged periods.
H These horizons dominated by organic material formed from accumulations of undecomposed or
partially decomposed organic material. All H horizons are saturated with water for prolonged
periods, or were once saturated but are now drained artificially.
MASTER HORIZONS AND LAYERS
full list in FAO book page 67
4. Suffix Short description Used for
b Buried genetic horizon mineral horizons
c Concretions or nodules mineral horizons
g* Stagnic conditions / *USA strong gley no restriction
h Illuvial accumulation of organic matter mineral horizons
i/*ss Slickensides / *USA mineral horizons
k Accumulation of pedogenetic carbonates no restriction
l* Capillary fringe mottling (gleying) *only in FAO no restriction
n Pedogenetic accumulation of exchangeable sodium no restriction
p Ploughing or other human disturbance
no restriction
E, B or C as Ap
r* Strong reduction *only in FAO no restriction
t Illuvial accumulation of silicate clay mineral horizons
w Development of colour or structure B horizons
z Pedogenic accumulation of salts more soluble than gypsum no restriction
d Dense layer (physically root restrictive)
x Fragipan characteristics no restriction
Subordinate distinctions
within master horizons
full list FAO book page 72
5. Discontinuities
In mineral soils, Arabic numerals are used
as prefixes to indicate discontinuities.
Numbering starts with the second layer of
contrasting material, which is designated
„2”. Underlying contrasting layers are
numbered consecutively.
Where two or more consecutive horizons
formed in one kind of material, the same
prefix number applies to all of the horizon
designations in that material.
In organic soils, discontinuities between
different kinds of layers are not identified.
A
B
2C
3C
4C
A
B
2C
3Bt
3C
6. Suffix Short description Used for
b Buried genetic horizon mineral horizons
Ap
C
Ab
C
Used in mineral soils to indicate
identifiable buried horizons with
major genetic features that
were formed before burial.
If the buried horizon formed in a
material lithological like that of
the overlying deposit, a number
prefix is not used.
7. Suffix Short description Used for
b Buried genetic horizon mineral horizons
Ap
AB
B
2Ab
2Blb
2Cl
Used in mineral soils to indicate
identifiable buried horizons with
major genetic features that
were formed before burial.
If the material in which a
horizon of a buried soil formed
is lithological unlike that of the
overlying material, the
discontinuity is designated by
number prefixes and the „b”
symbol for a buried horizon is
used as well.
15. RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION (three steps)
The expression, thickness and depth of layers are checked against the
requirements of WRB diagnostic categories, defined in terms of morphology
and/or analytical criteria.
(overlapping or coinciding possible)
Step 1 – the diagnostics
16. RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION
The combination of diagnostics compared with the WRB Key in order to find the
RSG, which is the first level of WRB classification.
The user should go through the Key systematically!!!!
The soil belongs to the first RSG for which it meets all specified requirements.
Step 2 – the key
17. RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION
For the second level of WRB classification, qualifiers are used.
Step 3 – the qualifiers
Principal qualifiers:
are regarded as being most significant for a further
characterization of soils of the particular RSG.
They are given in a ranked order.
Supplementary qualifiers:
All other qualifiers (further details about the soil).
They are not ranked, but listed alphabetically.
18. Base Saturation
Basic cations=∑ K+,Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+10 cmol (+)/kg
Basic cations
CEC
Base saturation % = x 100
MEASURED IN 1 M NH4OAc (pH 7)
WRB 2006
20. A
E
Bt
C
L
A
Y
ARGIC ARGIC
ARGIC ARGIC
CEC / kg clay
≥ 24 cmol+
CEC / kg clay
≥ 24 cmol+
CEC / kg clay
< 24 cmol+
CEC / kg clay
< 24 cmol+
eB ≥ 50 %
eB ≥ 50 %
eB < 50 %
eB < 50 %
Luvisol Alisols
Lixisols Acrisols
In major part
between
50-100 cm