Balantidium coli is the largest protozoan parasite that can infect humans. It causes the disease balantidiasis, which resembles amoebic dysentery and can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stool. The parasite lives in the large intestine of humans and other primates. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Diagnosis involves microscopic identification of trophozoites or cysts in stool samples. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or tetracycline.

3. Introduction

balantidium coli it is parasitic species of ciliate
protozoan that causes the disease balantidisis.

.balantidium coli is the largest protozoan and
theonly ciliate known to parasitize humans.

History
Malmsten in 1857 in the faeces.

Habitat
in large intestine of man.Also found in pigs and
monkeys.

4. Geographical distributation

the protozoa are found worldwide

Boliva

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

5. MOrphology
Trophozoite

OVal pointed at anterior end

50-130um long

Covered in cilia

Motile

Non-infective

Reproduce by binary fission and conjugation

Micronuclei and macronuclei

6. Cyst

Smaller han trophozoites

Spherical

40-60um size

Non motile

Covered with thick, hard

Faintly yellowish green in color

Cyst wall with cilia mad of one or tow layers

Infective

Non reproductive

Macronuclei

7. 
Definitive host / Humans

Intermediate Host / None

Reservoir Host / pigs,monkeys,rats

Infective stage / cysts stage

Diagnosis stage / Trophozoite and cyst stage

Pathogenic stage / Trophozoite stage

Invasive stage / Trophozoite

Pathological causes /balantidiasis,balantidial
dysentery

8. Transmission

Transmission by Fecal-oral route

Transmission by Eating meat,fruits,and
vegetables that have been contaminated by an
infected person or contaminated by fecal
matter from an infected animal

Transmission by Drinking and washing food
with contaminated water

Having poor hygiene habits

Transmission by coprophagia culd occur in
animals

9. Iife cycle

10. Life cycle

12. Pathogenesis

Parasite produces chemical substance called
hyaluronidase enzyme that may cause
mucosal damage in the large intesting
especially in the colon.

Balantidiaisis:whichl results in small superflcial
ulcers which may penettrate upto submucosa

13. Clinical features(symptoms)

Most infection are. asyptomatic.

Symptomatic disease ( balantidiasis)resembles
amoebiasis causing diarrhea or frank
dysentery with abdominal pain

also watery Diarrhea-or bloody diarrhea and
dysentery can be developed.Abdominal to
colic

14. Other clinical features

loss weight due to fluid loss- fever,nausea'
vomting and abdominal hemorrage- may lead
to shock and death

16. Complications

In immunocompromissed and malnutrition
patients and some diseases.

Perforation of large intestine,involvemennt of
appendix,peritonitis,sever dehydration leading
to renal failure.

Accrue extraintestinal manifestation.

Rare:liver abscess, pleurisy and pneumonia[1].

Risking more in the case alcoholism[2]

17. Laboratory diagnosis

Stool Examination

Demonstration of trophozoites and cysts in feces.
•
trophozoites_diarrheic feces,larg in
size ,macronucleus,and motile
•
cysts formed stool ,round shape and
large ,macronucleus

Laboratory studies

The specimen of choice for diagnosing B.coli is stoll

We take three stool sample should be collected at
intervals
Since parasite ane excreted intermittently

18. Laboratory diagnosis

Trophozoite _motile Trophozoite in(active feeding
replicative stage)can be visualised via microscopy in
saline wet mount of fresh diarrhea stool as well as

branch alveolar whash fluid _but this difficult the size
30_300mm in length 30_100mm in breadth covered _
cili and shape oval

Imaging studies

Chest radiography _show pulmonary mesenchymal

Computed tomography ( CT) scanning _ show pulmonary
mesenchymal and lymph node involvement and organs
system

19. Laboratory diagnosis
•
Procedure
•
Colonoscopy _ endoscopic examination of the
colon to obtain biopsy of ulcer.

Histological finding

B. Coli can invade in mucosa and submucosa _
causing ulceration and infiltration with poly
morphonuclear cells, lymphocytes and
Eosinophils.

Trophozoite _ can we see in the periphery
submucosal abscess.

20. Laboratory diagnosis
A B

21. Control

Avoidance-contamination of food and
water with animal and human feces

Prevention of human -pig contact

Treatment of infected pigs

22. Treatment
:is drugs of choice ,500mg for 10 days,four times
dail
:is 750mg,3 times daily for 5 days.
:is 650 mg ,3 times daily for days
are alternative drugs.
Tetracycline
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
Metronidazole and
iodoquinol

25. -Zakrya Al-ngar
-Moad Al-adeeb
-Osama Qamlan
-Bilal Moammed
-Mohammed
-khaled Abdu

27. ‫اجع‬‫ر‬‫الم‬
.1
♡Ahmed Kareem jasim
.2
♡Reference 《meds cape
《
.3
♡ www. Com Google
.4
1
[
‫المراجع‬
]
https://www.slideshare.net
/
NoeMendez
9
muiditnalab/
-
iloc
-
68686775
#