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Basics of embedded systems
This document provides an overview of embedded system design, including: 1) Embedded systems combine hardware, software, and mechanics to perform specific functions like those in smartphones and other smart devices. 2) Embedded systems are designed for single tasks unlike desktops which can perform many tasks. 3) Embedded systems are used in application areas like automotive, industrial, aerospace/defense, and consumer electronics.
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Basics of embedded systems
- 1. An Insight into Embedded System Design www.pantechsolutions.net
- 2. Outline Introduction ApplicationAreas ESD Development Cycle Fundamentals of Microcontroller Choosing a Microcontroller Conclusion Questions? © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 3. Intelligent Systems Whatis Embedded System in General? It is a combination of Computer Hardware, Software and perhaps additional Mechanical Parts, designed to perform a Specific Function. Gadgets are increasingly becoming Intelligent and Autonomous. The Intelligence of these Smart Devices resides in Embedded Systems.
- 4. Desktop Vs EmbeddedSystem In contrast to Desktops that performs a Variety of Tasks, an Embedded System performs a Single, Well-Defined Task. The System has a Processor, Associated Peripherals, and Software for a Specific Purpose. For example, in a Mobile Phone the Embedded Processor needs to Process Voice (to Send and Receive Speech Signals) as well as implement Communication Protocols. The Hardware is Custom Built for the Specific Purpose.
- 5. Outline Introduction ApplicationAreas ESD Development Cycle Fundamentals of Microcontroller Choosing a Microcontroller Conclusion Questions? © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 6. 5 Key MarketsNetwork Infrastructure Digital Consumer Aerospace & Defense Industrial Automotive © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Reliability Development Tools Core OS Middleware Communications Security Management Services
- 7. Generalization of ApplicationAreas Embedded Systems cover such a broad range of products that generalization is difficult. Here are some broad categories: Aerospace and Defense Electronics Automotive Broadcast and Entertainment Consumer and Internet Appliances Data Communication Digital Imaging Industrial Measurement and Control Telecommunications Mobile Data Infrastructures etc. © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 8. Digital Consumer MarketsBroadband Access Cable, xDSL modems, Home Gateways Home Media Servers Interactive Digital TV Cable, Satellite and Terrestrial STBs HDTVs Digital Imaging Digital Cameras, Printers, MFPs, Scanners, Fax Mobile & Handheld Mobile phones PDAs Digital Audio/Video Web-Tablets Screen phones © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 9. In The ConnectedHome Media Server Gateway © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Apple Airport II with iMac Sharp NC20 Internet Screen Phone Sony AirBoard IDT-LF1 Wireless Internet TV CMI Digital IceBox Kitchen Appliance Polaroid Ceiva Internet Picture Frame Toshiba SD-9200 DVD Player Fuji Film FinePix 40i Digital Camera Compaq iPaq Music Center Digital Jukebox Sony NW-E3 Network Walkman B&O HDTV
- 10. Industrial Market andApplications Industrial Automation Motion Control Semiconductor Manufacturing Robotics Process Control Chemical Steel production Waste & water Paper & pulp Building Automation Environmental controls Security © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Power Control Generation Power Distribution Load Balancing Demand regulation Medical Systems Radiation MRI Ultrasound Instrumentation Smart transducers Recorders Oscilloscopes
- 11. Market Trends EmissionsRegulations Safety Fuel Economy Assembly Costs Connectivity Personalization (smart cards) © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 12. Automotive Electronics InfotainmentRadio CD DVD Navigation Toll payment Satellite radio Telematic transceiver © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Consumer Devices Cell phone/pager PDA Headset MP3 Cameras Laptop Games Under the Hood Engine Transmission ABS, VSC, TC Airbags Cruise control HVAC Security and entry Connectivity Radio GPS Satellite Electronic tolls Cellular (2G,2.5G,3G) Transponders (to the roadside & home)
- 13. Market Structure ©2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Service Providers OnStar Wingcast TeleAid Targa Vodofone DoCoMo Tier-1 Auto Suppliers Delphi, Bosch, Visteon, Denso, Siemens, Becker,… Consumer Product Co’s Sony, Pioneer, Alpine, Clarion, Thales,… Suppliers Vehicle OEM’s GM, Ford, Daimler, BMW, Toyota,… Satellite Radio XM Radio Sirius
- 14. Fiat Research CenterFiat CRF Sysnet: Driver and passenger multimedia services © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 15. Example Application: FuelCell Engine Controller Company: XCellsis Fuel Cell Engines Application: Fuel Cell Engine Controller (heavy-duty transit bus) Description: Fuel cell engine controller regulates power output from hydrogen fuel cells to drive train for a heavy-duty bus application. Target CPU: MPC555 Memory: 26KB RAM (internal) 448 KB flash (internal) Devices Used: Timer CAN bus QADC (A/D) QSPI (on-board serial) SCI (RS232) TPU MIOS © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 16. Aerospace and DefenseEverything is Getting Connected © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 17. Increased Software ComplexityBrowser/GUI Java Advanced Interconnect Advanced Networking High Availability Memory Management Multiprocessing File System Network Kernel X Windows WindNet Memory Management Multiprocessing File System Network Kernel File System Network Kernel Kernel Application and Kernel 100 000 lines of code Application and Kernel 1 000 000+ lines of code © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved 1980 1990 1996 1999
- 18. The Top Architectures© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 19. Outline Introduction ApplicationAreas ESD Development Cycle Fundamentals of Microcontroller Choosing a Microcontroller Conclusion Questions? © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 20. The embedded developmentSW DEVELOPMENT HW DEVELOPMENT SW SELECTION HW SELECTION INTEGRATION TESTING & TUNING DEPLOYMENT Compiler RTOSs Networking Protocols Java Support Graphics Support Project & Code Mgmt. RTOS Simulation Rapid Prototyping Real-time Data Visualization Memory Leak Detection CPU Profiling Post-mortem Debug Semiconductor Co-funded Development Hardware Coverage Board Bring-Up Board Diagnostics & Manufacturing Test Source-level Debugging Real-time System Analysis & Triggering Execution Tracing Code Coverage Analysis In-field Debugging © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 21. Outline Introduction ApplicationAreas ESD Development Cycle Fundamentals of Microcontroller Choosing a Microcontroller Conclusion Questions? © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 22. Choosing a Microcontroller© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 23. Growth of 32-bitmarket © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved | www.panetchsolutions.net
- 24. Basics of Designinga system Market Analyzes Market Needs/Drivers & Develops New Product specification Environment sensors, Motors, LCD Display, Keypad, etc Engineering Determines what functions required of microcontroller to meet specification Engineering Team searches for MCU & other system components that will deliver End System to specification. © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 25. Choosing a MicrocontrollerUp-Front System Design Spreadsheets Feature requirements Tool requirements Evaluation Boards Hardware Vs Software Complexity of MCU © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 26. Choosing a Microcontroller:Parametric Aspects Features / On-chip Peripherals ADC DAC Analog Comparator PWM LCD Control Timers JTAG I/Os © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Communication Interface SPI CAN UART USB others Package Size Pins
- 27. Choosing a Microcontroller: Parametric Aspects Power Sleep Modes Voltage Current Speed Clock Frequency Critical Instructions Interrupt Latency Reliability Application Demands Memory Size Type © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 28. Choosing a Microcontroller: Other Aspects Familiarity -Personal Experience -Senior Engineer Price -Device -Volume -Software Tools IDE, Debugger Compiler OS Available Kits -Evaluation -Development -Reference Design © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 29. Choosing a Microcontroller: Other Aspects Support Documentation White papers Reference Designs Example code, User Guide Errata sheet Apps Engineers Response Times Community Portability / Scalability © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 30. Selection of ProcessorsMICROPROCESSORS/ MICROCONTROLLERS DSP CPLD/FPGA GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 31. Selection of PackagesDIP QFP BGA PLCC SOLDERING IRON SOLDERING STATION OVEN © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 32. Hardware design flow© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 33. Software Design Flow© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Evaluation Emulation Simulation
- 34. I/O : SerialInterfaces Allow communication with other devices USB(Universal Serial Bus) CAN(Controller Area Network) SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) I2C(Inter Integrated Circuit) UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) LIN(Local Interconnect Network) Ethernet Also wireless interfaces Zigbee Bluetooth © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 35. On-Chip Peripherals TimerLCD Controller Touchscreen Controller Keypad Controller GPIO pins A/D Converter D/A Converter Analog Comparator Pulse Width Modulator(PWM) © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 36. Licensed Cores 8051(MCS-51) -NXP, Atmel, Silicon Labs, Dallas/Maxim, Infineon, ST, Rabbit, and others ARM -NXP, ST, Luminary Micro, Freescale, Atmel, Samsung, Texas Instruments, OKI, Energy Micro, and others MIPS Microchip © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved
- 37. Broad Range VendorsRenesas Freescale Infineon Texas Instruments ST Microelectronics NEC Microchip Atmel Fujitsu Samsung NXP Toshiba © 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved Luminary Micro Cyan Maxim/Dallas Cypress Energy Micro Analog Devices Jennic Zilog Silicon Labs Rabbit …… and many more
- 38. © 2008 PantechSolutions™ | All rights reserved | www.panetchsolutions.net
- 39. © 2008 PantechSolutions™ | All rights reserved
Editor's Notes
- #11 © 2001 United Technologies
- #12 © 2001 United Technologies
- #16 © 2001 United Technologies
- #17 © 2001 United Technologies One of the areas Wind River has seen tremendous growth is in the area of the build-out of the Internet infrastructure and consumer appliances. Everything is getting connected . But this requirement is not unique to just the commercial industry. We know that one of the challenges within the military is to have all the platforms connected as well. Looking at this diagram, we can see that the Pentagon acts as a backend and command control that some of the data acquisition and platforms such as AWACS (Air Warning and Control System) connect to. Then on the periphery we have all our platforms, such as submarines in the Navy, land vehicles in the Army, and various avionics platforms for the Air Force, to name a few.
- #18 © 2001 United Technologies In addition – just as in the commercial space – the military/aerospace community is increasingly challenged by the amount of software complexity that is being built into their platforms. For example, in 1980, there might have been a single kernel device running on an F16 or F4 aircraft. In the early ‘90’s we saw things like file systems and networks being built, and today we see all kinds of interconnectivity, advanced networking stacks, browsers, and capability being built into the platforms.