Brainsense -Introduction to brain computer interface

Introduction to
Brain Computer
Interface
M.K.Jeevarajan
www.pantechsolutions.net/brainsense

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt
Brain Computer Interface
• Communication using Thoughts of Brain (EEG)
without using any Muscle control, Especially for
Severely Paralyzed people

What is Biosignal?
• A bio signal is any signal in human beings that
can be continually measured and monitored.
– ECG(Electrocardiogram)
– EEG(Electroencephalogram)
– EMG(Electromyogram)
– EOG(Electrooculogram)
– Galvanic skin response
– MEG(Magneto encephalography)

Introduction to EEG
• Electroencephalography (EEG) is
the recording of electrical activity
along the scalp. EEG measures
voltage fluctuations resulting from
ionic current flows within the neurons
of the brain
• German physiologist and psychiatrist
Hans Berger (1873–1941) recorded
the first human EEG in 1924

What is Neurofeedback?
• Neurofeedback is direct training of brain function,
by which the brain learns to function more
efficiently .
• Neurofeedback is used to teach children with
ADHD how to calm and concentrate.

BCI defined
• A BCI generally consists of three main
components:
1. A Signal-acquisition module (Electrode,Filtering and
Amplifier)
2. A Signal-processing module(ASIC ,DSP)
3. A Control module ( Microcontroller &Driver)

BCI Types-Electrodes
BCI Types:
– Invasive
– Involves attaching electrodes directly to the
brain tissue
– The patient’s brain gradually adapts its
signals to be sent through the electrodes
– Non-invasive
Involves putting electrodes on the scalp of the
patient, and taking readings

Invasive EEG-Braingate
• Click here to play video

Three BCI Subtypes
• Active BCI: “An active BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from brain activity
which is directly consciously controlled by the user, independently from external
events, for controlling an application.”
• Reactive BCI: “A reactive BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from brain activity
arising in reaction to external stimulation, which is indirectly modulated by the
user for controlling an application.”
• Passive BCI: “A passive BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from arbitrary brain
activity without the purpose of voluntary control, for enriching a human-computer
interaction with implicit information.”

Anatomy

Functional Mapping

Volume Conduction

Why is BCI Hard?
• Processing depends on unknown parameters, most of the dynamics are still
uncovered.
• Signal-to-noise ratio is very challenging, so sensitive measures are hard to
obtain
• Relevant brain activity is small compared to interfering artifacts and compared
to brain background activity
• Specific measures are even harder to obtain (with coarse-grained sensing)
• Large collections of neurons are involved in many different activities, not just
one
• Underlying phenomena are also highly diverse and rich and derived measures
are still poorly understood – not always clear what to look for

Reason for Variability

Consequences
• Sophisticated signal processing is required
• BCI systems must be calibrated before they
can be used
• Calibration should entail as much information as
available, e.g., example data, prior knowledge,
large databases

Underlying Neural Process
• Largest contributors to the EEG are the pyramidal cells
Radially oriented in the cortex (orthogonal to the
surface)
• Electromagnetic fields of co-aligned and co-activated
neurons add up
• EEG, MEG and ECoG can only detect large-scale neural
dynamics , For example, 50.000 neurons firing in near-
synchrony

When would 50,000 neurons fire
near-synchronously?
• –An external event triggers a cascade of related
neural processes (e.g., in perception)
• –An internal event triggers a cascade of related
neural processes (e.g., sudden “aha!”)
• –Neural populations enter a synchronized steady-
state firing pattern (e.g., idle oscillations)
• Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Oscillatory
Processes are the two major BCI-detectable EEG

Event Related Potentials

Signal Detect ability
• Root cause might not be
directly observable (e.g.,
dopaminergic system, deep
brain structures, few neurons)
• Electromagnetic fields can
cancel each other out

Electrode Position

10-20 Electrode System

Electrode Placement

Types of Electrodes

EEG Sensor Designs

Signal Range

Comparison of EEG Bands

Available Software Tools
• Opensig
• BCI2000
• EEGLAB
• Open VIBE
• BCILAB

Available Headbands
• Neurosky
• Emotiv
• Openbci
• Muse
• Melon
• Biopack

Neuro sky-Mindwave Mobile vs
Mindwave
EEG ELECTRODE
EAR CLIP
BATTERY
TGAM MODULE

EMOTIV
EPOC
14 EEG channels + 2 references
1channel locations: AF3, F7, F3, FC5,
T7, P7, O1, O2, P8, T8, FC6,
F4, F8, AF4.
Insight
5 EEG channels + 2 references
Signals
5 channels: AF3, AF4, T7, T8, Pz

OPEN BCI
8 and 16 EEG channels

Muse

Melon
• Melon measures this global electrical activity by
placing three electrodes on the forehead region,
with the primary electrode on FP1.

Biopac Medical Grade EEG
• Standard 10-20 EEG
Placement.
• Available in small ,Medium
and Large size.

Applications of EEG

Communication and Control for the
Severely disabled

Neurospeller
https://www.pantechsolutions.net/blog/brain-keyboard-using-
neurosky-mindwave-mobile-and-java/

Operator Monitoring

Forensics-LIE Detection

Entertainment

Health

NeuroMarketing
• Impact of Advt
,movies is measured
by a sample of
audiences Before the
release of an Advt or
Movie

Neuroscience

Recent Research on Brain to Brain
Communication

What is Brainsense ?
• Brainsense- Brain computer interface device
for Student, Researchers and Wellness
Community.
• A, single-channel, wireless headset that monitors
your brain activity and translates EEG into
meaningful data you can understand

What you can do with Brainsense
• Cognitive games – Brain fitness, Game with a benefit
• Measure your Meditation Level daily and provide reports to
analyze .
• You can measure your Focus, real time brain monitoring and
visual feedback
• To research on EEG signals for Brain Computer Interface
• Read RAW Brain waves for Developer community

FEATURES
• Single Sensor on FP1
• Can detect multiple mental states simultaneously
• Reference electrode on Ear clip to remove ambient
noises
• IP involves noise cancellation and signal
amplification
• Provides EMG feature for Eye Blink detection

SPECIFICATIONS
• Bluetooth ™ Wireless communication
• Passive Dry Sensor EEG
• Triple AAA battery
• 7 Hours Run Time
eSense Brainwave Patterns:
• Attention
• Meditation
• Eye Blink
• Frequency Bands: 0.5 to 50Hz

How Brainsense Works
THINKGEAR
ASIC+BLUETOOTH

THINKGEAR
•TGAM MODULE offers e-Sense technology
•Outputs Attention, Meditation and Physical eye blinks from raw
EEG data
•2.79cm x 1.52cm x 0.25cm, weighs 130mg
•Communicates through UART interface
at baudrate 1200, 9600 or 57600

TGAM Packets

eSense
• Attention –(0-100)
• Meditatation-(0-100)
• Eyeblink Strength(0-255)
• PoorQuality-200
• Only when NoiseQuality-0 Algorithm Starts

Supported Platform & Developer tools
suite

Popular Apps compatible with
Brainsense across the globe

For more details
– www.pantechsolutions.net
– http://www.slideshare.net/pantechsolutions
– http://www.scribd.com/pantechsolutions
– http://www.youtube.com/pantechsolutions

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