Internet of Things

What is IoT?
(1) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of
Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects,
usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring,
such as household appliances.
------Wikipedia
(2) By embedding short-range mobile transceivers into a
wide array of additional gadgets and everyday items,
enabling new forms of communication between people
and things, and between things themselves.
------WSIS 2005
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Why IoT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next evolution
of the Internet where devices of all types and
capabilities are Internet accessible. IP-based Web
Services will be the driving force behind the
global growth and demand for the IoT.

Sensor Devices are becoming widely
Available
- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools

More “Things” are being
connected
Home/daily-life devices
Business and
Public infrastructure
Health-care
…

People Connecting to Things
ECG sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Internet

Things Connecting to Things
- Complex and heterogeneous
resources and networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Core network
Gateway e.g. Internet
Sink
node Gateway
- The networks typically run Low Power Devices
- Consist of one or more sensors, could be different type of sensors (or actuators)
9
End-user
Computer services

How are the networks changing?
• Extensions
– More nodes, more connections, IPv6, 6LowPan,...
– Any TIME, Any PLACE + Any THING
– M2M, IoT
• Billions of interconnected devices,
• Everybody connected.
• Expansions
– Broadband
• Enhancements
– Smart networks
– Data-centric and content-oriented networking
– Context-aware (autonomous) systems

Future Networks
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“Thing” connected to the internet
Image Courtesy: : CISCO
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Internet of Things (IoT)
• Extending the current Internet and providing
connection, communication, and inter-networking
between devices and physical objects, or
"Things," is a growing trend that is often referred
to as the Internet of Things.
• “The technologies and solutions that enable
integration of real world data and services into the
current information networking technologies are
often described under the umbrella term of the
Internet of Things (IoT)”
13

Why should I learn about IoT?
• Business trend
• Emerging technologies
• Growing IoT Services and Application

Devices in Constrained IoT
Environments
• Endless applications in the IoT domain
• Embedded low cost and low power devices
• Legacy technologies
• Current practice is stove pipe solution
– single device – single application
• Transformation needed
– application independent devices
– many-to-many
• IP and the Web Paradigm paves the way to
hide and avoid complexity and to provide
simpler lower cost solutions

What is “constrained”
Scaling Networks
Low Bandwidth
Low Cost
Battery Powered
Limited
Processing

Constrained but still Internet
• Today - a complete IP based Web stack can be run
on small devices with microcontrollers
48 kB of Flash
8 kB of RAM
/temp /light /switch
IEEE
802.15.4
Resources
CoAP
UDP
IPv6
6LoWPAN
BTLE PLC DECT
Internet

The Internet of Things
M2M Environment
Services Layer
NanoService
Challenge
Proprietary HTTP/TCP
Sensor
Networks
Cellular
Networks
IoT Market Challenges
•Proprietary solutions unable to scale for volume
•Technology unable to achieve targets
– very low power / cost / data throughput
•Complex application development
•Legacy solutions incapable of supporting new
use cases, features and functionality

Embedded Web
• The Internet of Things will be powered by Web
technology
• Technology from the IETF
– Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
– Web Linking
– Resource Directory
– Security
• Application Semantics
– IPSO Application
Framework
– OMA Lightweight
M2M Objects

Embedded Web in M2M Standards
IP and Web
HTTP
Web & Mobile Apps
SE2.0
IP Router
HTTP
CoAP
OMA
Lightweight
CoAP

There is still a role for
Gateways
• Traditionally bridges heterogeneous
networking technologies
• Gateways can, and do, many more things
– local storage
– data processing, event filtering and stream
analytics
– semantic annotation and metadata
– local sensor-actuator control loops
– security perimeter
– shielding resource constrained devices
• Multiple applications and involving multiple
stakeholders and service providers
– Cloud based access to devices necessary
Energy Mgmt
IoT Enablement
Surveillance
Internet
Gateway
Service Providers
6LoWPAN KNX BACnet ZigBee
Device
Mgmt
Applications
IoT
Mgmt
HVAC Ctrl
Access Ctrl

Uniform IoT Resource Access
• Decouple IoT level issues from
Device level issues
– IoT resource abstraction
– Separate bindings for Device
Management vs. handling IoT
resources
• Provide normalization of M2M
device capabilities
– Generic Device API framework
• Avoid stove pipe profiles
• Go for simple profiles that are
application independent to ensure
interoperability
– IPSO Application Framework
– OMA Lightweight Objects
• Allow adaptation to different cloud
environments
– Native Embedded Web Services –
IETF CoRE
– ETSI M2M mId
– OMA DM and TR-069
Cloud
Gateway
IoT Service
Enablement
CoAP HTTP
CoAP/OMA
Lightweight
UPnP
Adapter
Remote Device
Management
OMA DM
IMS
OSGi TR-069
TR-069
Connector
M2M SE
mId
ETSI M2M
mId
Connector
Generic Device API
Bonjour
Adapter
SDK
Connector
ZigBee
Adapter
OMA DM
Connector
Z-wave
Adapter
Bluetooth
Adapter
ANT+
Adapter
CoAP/HTTP
CoAP
Adapter
Proxy

Embedded Web in Smart Home
Demo
• Smart Energy use case
• Heterogeneous device integration
– CoAP sensors and actuators
– Z-Wave Smart Plugs
• Uniform device exposure
– REST via HTTP and CoAP
– IPSO Application Framework
• Supported:
– CoAP
– HTTP-CoAP proxying
– Local caching and Observations
– Resource Directory
SWoT
Client
Cloud enablers
RD Social Web Of Things Apps
HTTP-CoAP Proxy
Z-wave/CoAP
Residential M2M Gateway
Z-WAVE Smart Plugs, AEON LABS
OSGi
Linux
Resource Directory
CoAP Devices: STM32W Wireless MCU&Sensors,
Smart Plugs STEVAL-IHP004V1

Embedded Web in ETSI M2M
Demo
Street Lighting M2M App
POST Links mId mIa
CoAP CoAP CoAP
Web Linking semantics end-to-end

How to Build a Web of Things?
Cellular
AAA,
Admin
Billing
HTTP / TLS
Web Applications
6LoWPAN,
ZigBee IP,
CoAP / DTLS
Lightweight M2M
CoAP / DTLS
M2M Devices Backend – Private or Public Cloud

IoT Applications

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Internet of Things

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