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Embedded
An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function within a larger mechanical or electrical system. Embedded systems use microcontrollers or microprocessors and are commonly found in devices like digital watches, DVD players, traffic lights, and industrial controllers. They range in complexity from low-cost systems with a single microcontroller chip to sophisticated cyber-physical systems with multiple units and networks.
Embedded
- 1. Presented by J.BHARATHI MCA 3rd SEM
- 2. • The embeddedsystem is a combination of computer hardware, software additional electrical & mechanical parts • A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility. • Embedded systems employ the use of a RTOS (Real-Time Operating System).
- 3. “ An embeddedsystem can be defined as those control systems which are designed either by microprocessor or microcontroller for a specific tasks. ” OR “ An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware & software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular kind of application device. ”
- 4. Block Diagram ofEmbedded System
- 5. COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDEDSYSTEM Hardware processor Timers Interrupt controller I/O devices Memories etc
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDEDSYSTEM The classification of embedded systems are three types and they are Small scale embedded systems Medium scale embedded systems Sophisticated embedded systems
- 7. Small scale embeddedsystems: In the small scale embedded systems use single 8bit or 16bit microcontrollers Little hardware and software complexity Usually “C” is used for developing these system
- 8. Medium scale embeddedsystems: In the medium scale embedded systems use single or few 16 or 32bit microcontrollers Tools RTOS,debugger
- 9. Sophisticated embedded system: Inthis EM use Enormous hardware and software complexity Which may need Scalable processor or configurable processor and hardware units
- 10. Some other examples: Physically,embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.
- 11. Digital clock Moving messagedisplay DVD player Traffic Light
- 13. • Computer designrequirement • System-level requirement
- 14. • Real time/reactive operation • Small size, low weight • Safe and reliable • Harsh environment • Cost sensitivity
- 15. • End product utility • System safety and reliability • Controlling physical systems • Power management
- 17. • CPU: Central Processing Unit • I/O: Input /Output • Bus: Address bus & Data bus • Memory: RAM & ROM • Timer • Interrupt
- 18. General-purpose microprocessor • CPUfor Computers • No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself • Example--Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium Data Bus Many chips on mother CPU board General- Purpose Serial Micro- RAM ROM I/O Timer COM processor Port Port Address Bus General-Purpose Microprocessor System
- 19. Microprocessor v/s Microprocessor Microcontroller Microcontroller • CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer I/O, timer are separate are all on a single chip • designer can decide on the • fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, amount of ROM, RAM and I/O I/O ports ports. • for applications in which cost, • expensive power and space are critical • general-purpose • single-purpose • Ex. 8085,8086 mp, Motorola • Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Motorola 6800, Intel’s 8086, etc. MC’s, Phillips, etc.
- 22. The 8051 Microcontroller: • The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the 1970’s. • The 8051 family characteristics: ○ The 8051 family characteristics: ○ 4K Bytes ROM ○ 128 Bytes RAM ○ two timer/counters (16 bit) ○ A serial port ○ 32 input/output port ○ Interrupt controller
- 23. IC 8051 DailyApplications Digital clock Moving message display 7 segment display Traffic Light
- 24. Applications APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS 3% 10% 23% 23% - Communication 18% - Electronics 13% - Automobile 13% 13% - Aerospace 11% - Industries 10% - Military 9% - Medical 11% 3% - Others 9% 13% 18% Source: ESP DEC 2002
- 25. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS Design and Efficiency The central processing core in embedded systems is generally less complicated, making it easier to maintain. The limited function required of embedded systems allows them to be designed to most efficiently perform their functions.
- 26. Cost The streamlinedmake-up of most embedded systems allows their parts to be smaller less expensive to produce. SCADE Model-based Code Gen Download Handbooks and White Papers
- 27. Accessibility Embedded systemsare difficult to service because they are inside another machine, so a greater effort is made to carefully develop them. However, if something does go wrong with certain embedded systems they can be too inaccessible to repair. This concern is sometimes addressed in the design stage, such as by programming an embedded system so that it will not affect related systems negatively when malfunctioning.
- 28. •Maintenance Embeddedsystems are easier to maintain because the supplied power is embedded in the system and does not require remote maintenance. Redundancies Embedded systems do not involve the redundant programming and maintenance involved in other system models.
- 29. • More andmore produced processors are used in embedded devices • How would you like to live in a house that recognizes your fingerprints and opens the front door automatically? • A fridge that checks your food supplies and places orders ; or intelligent lights and air conditioners that adjust their settings automatically according to the light and heat available at various times of the day.
- 30. What about amicrowave oven that can send a message to your PDA saying that the cake you kept to bake is done? These are all possible in the near future.and the Blue tooth technology for communication. And they will also be connected to the Internet in most cases. Think a mobile in the form of a ring or an earring? This can soon be a reality. IBM is already working on the prototype of a mobile phone that can be worn as jewellery. The components of the phone will be distributed among different pieces of jewellery like earring, necklace, ring and bracelet.
- 31. Health card Smart card Robotics ATM
- 32. Conclusion A computer which is integrated into another system. Embedded systems are part of a bigger system. In short an embedded system works for a predefined task. On the whole a hardware chip programmed for a dedicated task results in an embedded system. As integrated circuits get continuously cheaper, more capable and power efficient, complexity of chip designs are constantly growing. This is illustrated by new design approaches such as multi-core technologies. As there is no foreseeable end to this development of embedded system.